Read Chronology Themes Tablets Engine About

Menu

Read
Chronology
Themes
Tablets
Engine
About

Sumerian · Book

Reading the tablets…

A curated narrative reconstruction of humanity's first great civilization, sourced from the tablets themselves. Open scholarship, beautifully accessible.

The site

About the project The engine Dossiers FAQ Methodology Sources & licensing Provenance & ethics Contact & support

Legal

Privacy policy Terms of use llms.txt Sitemap

Independent scholarship · No academic affiliation · No institutional funding · Tablet imagery attributed per item via CDLI, ETCSL, ORACC, Wikimedia, and public museum collections.

Home
All tablets

The corpus

All tablets.

Every tablet in the corpus — sortable by date, title or period; filterable by theme and period. Use the controls below or change the URL parameters directly.

Search

Sort

Oldest first Newest first Title (A–Z)By period

Theme

Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

Period

Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

Source

Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

Showing all 102,257 tablets.

401–450 of 102257

Page 9 / 2046

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 172

1. [...], |DUG~cx1(N57)| (a vessel-sign, quantity 1(N57)) 2. [...], ŠU2 3. [...], [...] 4. [...], [...] X 5. 5(N01), ḪAŠḪUR (apple/fruit-tree — 5 units) 6. 1(N01), |GA2~a1×X| (1 unit of a GA2-container, compounded with sign X) 7. 1(N01), UKKIN~a (1 unit — 'assembly'/institution) 8. NUN~a TAK4~a KI (NUN — TAK4 — KI: a princely/institutional designation, a 'remainder'-allocation, at/from a place) 9. 1(N01), |GA2~a1×ŠA| ŠE~a (1 unit of a GA2×ŠA-container of barley) 10. NI~a.RU (given/deposited — reading tentative) 11. 3(N57) MUŠ3~a (3(N57) units of MUŠ3, an unclear administrative referent) 12. UN…

Uruk Period

Our engine

MSVO 1, 179

1 (unit): jar (DUG~b). 1 (unit): beer (KASZ~c). 6 (units): MA (boat/container-measure). 6 (units): apple(s) (ḪAŠḪUR). 4(N14) 4 (units): ... AB~a. 3(N14) (units): AB~a (cattle-stall/institutional) — SUḪUR (carp/fish). [...]: EN~a (lord/official) — PA~a (overseer/classifying mark) — jar (DUG~a). 2(N52) (units): AB~a. 3(N21) (units): EN~a — jar (DUG~a) — BAR (disbursement/portion). — consumed/ration disbursed (GU7) — GA~a — [...]. — fresh/new (GIBIL) — 3(N57) — SU~a — consumed/ration disbursed (GU7) — GA~a — [...].

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 183

[...] 3(N01), X [...] 1(N01), X [...] [...] , [...] 1(N14) 1(N01) [...] , field(GAN2) — TI(-allocation) [...] 3(N01), [...] [...] , [...] 2(N01)#, X ZATU750 1(N01), X [...] , [...] X [...] 1(N01), X sheep(UDU~a)#? [...] , [...] X 1(N14)# 8(N01)#, X [...] , X disbursed(BA#) house/storehouse(E2~a)#? SZU [...] 2(N01) [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 186

[...] , ... was brought/delivered (DU) to the cattle-stall/institution (AB) [...] 1(N14) 10(N01) (units) , the lord/overseer (EN) — the PA-official/marker — the ZATU776 sign — 1(N58)? — the AN sign — 3(N57) [...] , the day/temporal marker (U4) — NI.RU (given/deposited) [...] [...] , [...] 1(N14) 1(N01) (units) [...] , [...] 1(N14) [...] , [...] 4(N14) 7(N01) (units) , the LAGAB sign (container/aggregate)? — the DUR sign (cord/bundle) — X [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 201

1(N01) , GIR3~c(?) [...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01) [...] , [...] 1(N01)# [...] , [...] 1(N01)# [...] , [...] [...] , [...] X SI# GU4

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 205

1 (unit): GIR3 (foot/dagger-sign, variant “g~b”) — ...[broken] 1 (unit): MASZ2 (kid/goat) — AN UB (storage bin, with celestial/divine marker) 1 (unit): MASZ2 (kid/goat) — SZIR(?) NIM(?) 1 (unit): TUG2(?) (cloth) — UB (storage bin) 6 (units): UDU (sheep) 1 (unit): TUG2(?) (cloth) — [...broken]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 212

(Fragmentary, proto-cuneiform administrative tablet; sign-by-sign rendering follows the transliteration) Line 1: ... DAH [broken sign] SAGxMA(compound sign) KI(place/locative marker) Line 2: 1(N14) 7(N01) — [count of measures/units] — SAL.KUR (female worker/foreign woman?) — SAGxMA (compound sign, commodity or container term) Line 3: 1(N14) — [unit] — SAL.KUR (female worker/foreign woman?) — ERIM (male workers/personnel group?) — [broken sign(s), text lost] Line 4: [2(N14)] 7(N01) — [units] — SAL.KUR (female worker/foreign woman?) — UB (storage bin/compartment?) — PA(?) (overseer/ration/class…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 216

1. 2(N14), SAL.KUR(a) — barley — SZU (received/in hand of) 2. 2(N14) 4(N01), barley — KU(b1) — aromatic/szim 3. 3(N14), honey/syrup — PA(a) — water — silver/pure 4. 1(N20) 3(N05), UR5(a) 5. 3(N03), 6. 1(N01), GAR — PU2(?) 7. 2(N01), remainder — water 8. 1(N45) 4(N01), barley — consumed (GU7)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 230

1. [...] — [...] X (broken, sign not identifiable) 2. [...] — [...] storehouse (E2~a) 3. [...] — [...] head/chief (SAG), BAR, X 4. 1(N01) — X [...] 5. [...] — storehouse (E2~a), X [...] 6. 1(N01) — TAK4~a, head/chief (SAG) 7. 1(N01) — GIR3@g~b(?) 8. [...] — [...] (break) 9. 1(N01) — X, storehouse (E2~a), PIRIG~b1 ("lion") 10. 1(N01) — SANGA~a (temple administrator) 11. 1(N01) — SUKKAL (vizier/minister) 12. 1(N01) — EN2(?) 13. 1(N01) — NI~a (oil/fat?), AL [...] 14. — [...] ZATU752 15. 4(N14) 3(N01) [= 43] — [...] (broken)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 231

(Column/line 1) [...] 2(N01) , NAM2 [...] 2(N01) , PAP [...] , [illegible sign] SZU SZITA (dagger-sign) [...] 1(N01) , EN [illegible] SAG 2(N01) [...] , SZU [...] 2(N01) , BU [illegible] [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 233

[...] 2(N01), cattle-stall(?) — assembly [...], sheep — calf [...], [...] ... Uruk — field(?) ... [...], ... [...] 2(N01), cattle-stall(?) — assembly — MU(?), hand(?) [...], [...] head(?) — NI.RU (given/deposited?) , [...] — consumed(?)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 234

(Line 1) [...] , [...] administrator(?) — ME — storage-bin(?) (Line 2) [...] , [...] carpenter(?) — transfer/turn — head/chief (Line 3) [...] , [...] ME(?) (Line 4) [...] , [...] [x] — go/deliver — water(?) (Line 5) 3(N01) , house — |1(N58).BAD|(?) — woman/female (Line 6) 2(N01) , GAR — deficit — SA (Line 7) 2(N01) , cattle-stall(?) — remainder — place — GAR (Line 8) 1(N14) , plow(?) [...] (Line 9) [...] , [...] [x] (Line 10) [...] , [...] TAR(?) — administrator(?)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 241

(Line 1) [......], [......] x [broken — sign illegible] (Line 2) 2(N34) 1(N14) [units] — bird, ME, ZATU749(?) (Line 3) 2(N34) 2(N14) 1(N01) [units] — dais(?)/BARA2, dark/GI6, place(-marker, damaged) (Line 4) 1(N34)(damaged) 1(N14)(damaged) [......] — storehouse/E2, water(?)/A, [......] (Line 5) 1(N34) 3(N14)(damaged) [......] — NAGAR(-sign, damaged, uncertain), [unidentified sign], [......]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 01

(Column entries, each separated by a ruling; proto-cuneiform numerical notation retained as transliterated since the precise value of each numeral sign is not independently translatable) 1. 2(N46) — IR (sign IR), PAP (total/supervisory marker) 2. 1(N46) 8(N19) 3(N04) — AB (cattle-pen/livestock enclosure), KID (reed mat), E2 (house/storehouse), NE (fire/fuel[?]) 3. — PAP (total/summary marker) 4. 3(N34) 7(N14) 2(N01) — ŠE (barley) 5. 1(N49) 1(N46) 8(N19) 4(N04) — [commodity sign not preserved/legible] 6. 1(N46) 4(N19) 3(N04) — GIŠ.TE (wood/TE compound) 7. 1(N49)#? 4(N34) 1(N45) 3(N01) — ŠE (ba…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 04

1. 2(N40) 1(N24~a), 2. 1(N40) 1(N24~a), 3. 9(N01), SZEN~c(-vessel), 4. 4(N01) [...], beer(?) [...] 5. [...], [...] bird-sign, AN (sky/star), MUSZ3~a 6. [...] (broken, illegible)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 05

1. 1(N34) — vessel(s) [ŠEN container] 2. — MUŠ3 [referent unclear] — ME [category/quality marker] 3. 3(N14) — vessel(s) [ŠEN container] 4. — date palm [GIŠIMMAR] 5. — Zabalam [...] 6. [...] — [...] 7. — EN [lord/high official] — road/journey [KASKAL] — day [U4] — cow [AB2] [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 08

[...], [...] 2(N14), DUG~a(?) ["jar" — commodity sign, reading uncertain] 4(N03) 1(N40), SI4~f NAMESZDA SAR~a(?) [reddish(?) commodity — NAMESZDA — garden/plot(?) designation] 3(N03), 1(N03) 1(N40), 2(N03), SAL ḪI KA~a [woman/female-worker(?) sign — qualifier — "mouth" sign] 2(N03) 1(N40), MUD NUN~a(?) [...] [unidentified commodity — storehouse/quality designation(?), broken]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 14

1(N40) 1(N24~a) — UR2 (base/foundation), wood. 2(N40) 1(N24~a) — GURUSZ (male worker), house. 4(N40) — MUŠ3 (a referent, twice-attested elsewhere), woman, KU3 (silver/pure). 2(N40) 1(N24~a) — Šubur (personal name), |E2×1(N57)@t| (a compound 'house'-sign). 3(N40) 1(N24~a) — AN, disbursed (BA). 3(N03) — MUD, AN, TE. 3(N03) — HI, KA. 3(N03) — NIR [...] (broken). 4(N03) — [...] (broken). 3(N40) — ŠU, BU. 2(N03) 2(N40) — HI, KA. — consumed/eaten (GU7). 3(N18) 4(N40) — consumed/eaten (GU7). — SAG.ŠU.

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 15

1(N18) unit — EN(-a) AN RU 5(N03) units — fish(-a) [3(N57)] MUD TE 4(N03) units — small bird(s), fish(-a), BU(-a) 3(N03) units — SIG, house(-a), DU, DA(-a) 3(N03) units — NIR(-a), MUD, 3(N57), TE — consumed (GU7) 3(N18) 3(N03) — consumed (GU7) — SAGSZU (total/persons in hand)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 17

1(N03) [unit], [...] — the SUKKAL (vizier/minister), PAP~a, GI (measuring unit/reed). 1(N03) [unit] — the E2~a (storehouse) — SZUBUR. 3(N03) [units] — EN~a (lord/high official) — RU (given/deposited) [...]. — GU7 (consumed/rationed). 1(N18) 1(N03) [units] [...], [...]. [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 19

(Obverse) Line 1: [...] 2(N14) [...] : [...] Line 2: [...] 2(N01) 2(N39~a) : USZ, (the man) 1(N57)-Šubur Line 3: 5(N14) : nam-šita(?), small, bird(s), BU, small Line 4: [...] 3(N14) [...] : [...] Line 5: 4(N14) 2(N01) [...] : LAM, [x — broken] Line 6: 1(N14) : hal, ME, vizier (sukkal) Line 7: 1(N14) : PAP, potter (bahar2) Line 8: [...] : consumed / rationed (gu7) (Reverse continues, badly worn — no further signs preserved beyond the last case) Line 9: 3(N34) 1(N01) 1(N39~a) : barley (še) [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 22

(Column/fragment, obverse) 1. [...] 1(N01), [...] SAL (woman/female) X 2. [...] 1(N01) 2(N39~a) 1(N24), NIN (lady/mistress) TUR3 (cattle-pen) 3. [...] 3(N14) 2(N39~a), NUN (prince/storehouse[?]) 6(N57) SAG (head/chief) 4. [...] 2(N14) 2(N01), PA (overseer/mark) |1(N58).BAD| (fortress/‘open’ sign) 5. [...] 1(N24), TE NUN [...] 6. [...] 1(N24), [...] 7. [...] 1(N01) 1(N39~a) 1(N24), AZ 8. 1(N01) 1(N39~a) 1(N24), KALAM (the land) PAP (overseer/total) PA 9. , GU7 (consumed/rationed) 10. [...] 2(N45) 5(N14) 1(N01) 1(N24), GU7 (consumed/rationed) 11. 8(N14) 2(N01) 4(N39~a) 1(N24), BA (disbursed) [..…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 24

Obverse: 1. 1(N45) 6(N14) units — PAP (‘overseer/total-marker’), SZU (hand-sign), |GISZxSZU2| (compound sign, container/implement type) 2. 1(N45) 1(N14) 3(N01) units — NIMGIR (‘herald/crier’), |EZEN+KI| (festival-place compound) 3. 1(N45) 1(N14) 3(N01) units — NIMGIR (‘herald’), EN (‘lord/high official’), BIR3 (sign, function unclear) 4. 1(N45) unit — GI6 (‘black/night’), BU, NI (commodity or oil sign) 5. 6(N14) units — NIMGIR (‘herald’), SZITA1 (mace/weapon sign), DU6 (mound/heap sign) 6. 1(N45) unit — NIMGIR (‘herald’), BA (‘disbursed/allotted’) 7. 5(N14) units — E2 (‘house/estate’), DU (‘de…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 30

(Obverse, arranged in cased entries, two columns) 1. 1 (unit: N57-system) — ZAG ("edge/side" or "border-portion") of the E2 ("house/estate") — UBI (sign broken/unclear) 2. 1 (unit: N05-system) — PAP (supervisory title or summary marker) — NAM2 (unresolved categorical sign) — of the E2 ("house/estate") 3. 1 (unit: N01) — SI ("horn" or possibly a measuring implement) — ZATU786 (unidentified sign) — GI\&GI (reed/measuring-rod compound) — ŠA3 ("inside/heart," i.e. interior or contents) 4. 1 (unit: N01) — NA (unclear qualifier) — NE (fire/fuel-sign variant) — ŠEN (a vessel or container sign) —…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 31

(Obverse, arranged in cases across two columns) 1. 4 (N01-units) — Šubur(?), NU 2. 4 (N01-units) — KAB, BU 3. 1 (N14-unit) — SI, AB 4. 1 (N14-unit) + 2 (N01-units) — NE, ŠITA, PAP — total: 3 (N57-units) 5. 2 (N01-units) — NIMGIR (herald[?]), ZATU703 (sign of unidentified value) 6. 2 (N01-units) — BU, NUN, DU, DA 7. 1 (N14-unit) + 2 (N01-units) — KALAM, PA 8. 4 (N01-units) — ZI, A (water) 9. 4 (N01-units) — GIŠ(?), [broken sign], PIRIG(?), BU 10. 2 (N01-units) — 3 (N57-units) [...] (rest broken) 11. 2 (N01-units) — NE, PAP(?) [...] (rest broken) 12. 2 (N01-units) — DA [...] (rest broken) (No…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 34

1(N45) 5(N14), DU (delivered/in transit) — E2~b (storehouse) — GI (measuring-rod unit) [......] 3(N34) 2(N45) 1(N14) [......], [......] 2(N34) 2(N45) 3(N14) [......], SZAM2 (exchange/purchase) BA (disbursed) [......] 1(N34) 2(N45) 3(N14) [......] 1(N01), DU (delivered/in transit) — E2~b (storehouse) [......] 1(N34) [......], [......]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 35

1. 2(N01)# , AN MUŠ₃ₐ — "2 (units, numeral partly damaged): AN-MUŠ (sign combination, referent unclear)" 2. 1(N01)# , |NUN~a+EN~a|# — "1 (unit, numeral and compound sign both partly damaged): NUN+EN (compound sign)" 3. 4(N39~a) 1(N24) , NAM₂ KAB — "4 (N39-unit) + 1 (N24-unit): NAM₂ KAB" 4. 1(N01) , GAL~a — "1 (unit): GAL ('great/large')" 5. , ḪI@gₐ ŠA |U4.3(N08)|? UDU~a E2~a GU — "ḪI (qualifying/mixed sign), within: 'day-3' (?), sheep, house/estate, GU" 6. 1(N01) , X X — "1 (unit): [two illegible signs]"

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 43

1. 2 (units) — NINDA₂×U4 (bread/ration sign) 2. 5 (units) — KA₂ ("gate") 3. 1 (N51-unit) — U4 KU₆ ("day" + "fish") 4. 2 (units) — SUHUR (carp/fish) 5. — NE, ŠITA, [illegible sign], PAP, [...] (broken) 6. — LAGAB×PA(?), E₂ (storehouse/building), GU

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 44

1. 5(N14) — SAG […] ("head/chief" [broken]) 2. 2(N19) — EN GA2 ME [x] ("lord/overseer" — "storehouse" — "ME-mark" — [sign broken]) 3. 2(N14) — PA […] ("overseer/mark" [broken]) 4. 1(N14) — […] (entirely broken) 5. 1(N14) — NE PAP ("fire/fuel" — "PAP-mark") 6. 4(N04) — GIŠ.TE EN […] ("wood/TE-compound" — "lord/overseer" [broken]) 7. […] — […] KINGAL ("overseer/foreman") 8. […] — […] (entirely broken)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 45

1. 2(N39~a) 1(N24), LA2(?) SA~a 2. 2(N39~a) 1(N24), MUD BULUG3 3. 2(N39~a) 1(N24), 3(N57) NANNA~a BULUG3 4. 2(N39~a) 1(N24), MUSZEN NUNUZ~a1 [...] (Reverse: uninscribed)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 46

(Obverse) [...] 1(N14) [...] , NAMEŠDA [...] 2(N45) 2(N14) [...] , barley (ŠE~a) [...] [...] 3(N39~a) [...] [...] 1(N39~a)(?) [...] , [...] , [...] (Reverse) [...] , [...] MUŠ3~a [...] , GU7 ("consumed/disbursed") , [...] BAR

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 48

(Obverse, broken at top) [...] 1(N24) [numeral-unit], 'the Land' (KALAM) [...] PA-sign (overseer/ration-mark?) [...] 1(N39~a) [numeral-unit], [...] NAGA (a plant/alkali substance?) [...], [...] woman/female worker (SAL) [...], consumed/disbursed (GU7) 1(N01) [numeral-unit], [illegible sign] woman/female worker (SAL) [...], barley (ŠE) consumed/disbursed (GU7) (closing line) [...] 1(N14) 1(N01) 1(N39~a) 1(N24) [totals], [...] consumed/disbursed (GU7)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 49

1(N34) 3(N14) — disbursed (ba), at/from (ki) [...] 1(N45) — homeland/land (kalam), malt (bulug₃), overseer-mark (pa) 7(N14) 3(N01) — malt (bulug₃) of Shuruppak 1(N45) — bird(-sign), barley (še) — reddish (si₄), oil/fat(?) (ni), bundle(?) (sa) 2(N34) 3(N01) — barley (še), (the) overseer (kingal)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 57

(Obverse) Line 1: [...] , [...] X (broken entry, sign not identifiable) Line 2: 4(N39) 1(N24) , jar(DUG) 1(N57) |3(N57).calf(AMAR)|(?) — [quantities N39=4, N24=1; commodity: a jar-vessel; a further notation of 1(N57) combined with the 'calf' sign, reading uncertain] Line 3: 2(N01) , given/deposited(RU) — water/A — measuring-reed(GI) [quantity 2(N01); an entry recording something 'given' or 'deposited', qualified by A and a reed/length-measure] Line 4: [...] , [...] X — MUSZ3 [broken entry ending in the sign MUSZ3, referent unclear] Line 5: 3(N39) 1(N28) , beer(KASZ) X [quantities N39=3, N28=1;…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 58

1. 2(N34) barley — (for) the lord (EN); delivered; place/locale (KI). 2. 1(N34) 2(N45) 4(N14) — oil(?) (NI); bundled/tied (SA). 3. 3(N14) — BU-plant(?)/small birds; small; bird (MUŠEN). 4. 5(N14) 5(N01) — DAR-(a)-A (a spotted/variegated commodity, reading uncertain). 5. 7(N14) 3(N01) — total: 1(N04) barley; the chief administrator (SANGA); ... (KU, aromatic/spice, ŠIM). 6. — disbursed (BA); reddish/processed (SI4). 7. 4(N34) 9(N14) 5(N01) barley — disbursed (BA); reddish/processed (SI4).

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 62

1. 2(N45) 7(N14) 1(N01) 1(N39~a) [units] — "great" TE 2. 1(N45) 2(N14) [units] — AB TE 3. 1(N45) 2(N14) [units] — TE, ZATU651×EN 4. — SI4 (reddish?), BA (disbursed), NI, SA 5. — KU, ŠIM

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 63

1. 1(N34) 3(N14) [numerical units] — GAL(great) TE 2. 1(N34) 2(N45) 4(N14) [numerical units] — GAL(great) SA 3. 7(N14)(?) [units] — EN SAL (a "lord/lady" and a woman/female person) 4. 8(N14) 1(N01) [units] — ZAG E2 ("border/boundary" of the house/storehouse) 5. 7(N14) [units] — KINGAL (an overseer/senior official title) 6. 5(N14) [units] — KINGAL 7. 3(N14) [units] — GAL(great) TE 8. 5(N01) [units] — GAL(great) SA 9. 3(N34) 2(N45) 8(N14) [units] — SZE (barley), KU, SZIM (aromatic/resin), SI4 (a reddish or processed commodity), NI (oil/fat?), SA

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 64

Obverse: 1(N34) 2(N45) 4(N14) , KINGAL — [a quantity, notated in the archaic numeral system] for the KINGAL ("great queen"/chief official) 8(N14) 1(N01) , ZAG BARA — a quantity for the ZAG-BARA (boundary/dais official, shrine-related) 7(N14) , EN SAL — a quantity for the EN (lord/priest) (and) SAL (woman/female worker) 1(N34) 3(N14) , GAL TE — a quantity for the GAL-TE ("great TE") SI4 BA NI SA — [commodity notation, no numeral preserved]: reddish (commodity), disbursed, oil(?), ... Reverse: 3(N34) 1(N45) 2(N14) 1(N01) , SZE KU SZIM SI4 BA NI SA — [total quantity]: barley, KU, aromatic/spice,…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 68

1. 2(N14) — PAP, NAM2, ERIM (total/supervisory marker, categorical designation, workers) 2. — GU7 [damaged] (consumed / rations disbursed) 3. — NIN, TUR3 [damaged] (lady/institution, [livestock] pen/enclosure) 4. 8(N14) — SZE (barley) 5. 4(N19) — 6. 1(N45) 2(N14) — SZE GAL, SANGA SANGA, TUR3, NIN, NUN, GU7 (barley, large [measure], temple administrator, temple administrator, pen/enclosure, lady, exalted [one/storehouse], consumed)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 69

[...] 5(N01) units, GU4 (ox/cattle) [...] 4(N01) units, KISZ (category label) [...] , [...] [...] , [...] DUG (jar?) [...] , [...] ZAG (side/boundary?) [...] 5(N14) units, [...] [...] , [...] , [...] SI (horn?) AN(?) GAL (great/large) |1(N58).BAD|

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 73

1(N14) [units]: barley — (the) byre — NIN (lady/mistress) 2(N14) [units]: barley — horn — TUN3 — 3(N57) [units]: wood — house 6(N19) [units]: house — byre — NIN (lady/mistress) 2(N04) [units]: URI3 (standard) — NAGAR (carpenter) — GAL (great) — SANGA (temple administrator) — SANGA (temple administrator) [...]: NIN (lady/mistress) — NAGAR(?) (carpenter?) — byre 1(N19) 3(N41) [units]: PAP — SANGA (temple administrator) 2(N04) 1(N41) [units]: A (water) — RU (given/deposited) — ZI 2(N04) 1(N41) [units]: SZU2 (hand) — SZITA2 (mace) 1(N04) [units]: DA — ZATU694 — BU — URU (city/settlement) — PA 1(N1…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 74

1(N14) [...] , [...] x 6(N14) , GU (flax/rope?) NA (unclear sign), great, temple-administrator, temple-administrator [...] , IB (unclear), PAP (supervisor/total marker) [...] 2(N45) 5(N14) , barley [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 76

(Case 1) [...] , [...] X (Case 2) 2(N14) , EN (lord/high official) — SZAGAN — SZE (barley) — SI (Case 3) , KALAM (the Land / institutional land) (Case 4) [...] , [...] (Case 5) , BAR(?) [...] (Case 6) , GAL (great) — SANGA — SANGA [...] (Case 7) 6(N14) , KALAM (the Land) — SZE (barley) — GU7 (consumed/rationed) — BAR (Case 8) , GAL (great) — SANGA — SANGA [...] (Case 9) , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 80

(Column/Line 1) 1(N14) 3(N01) , [broken sign] (Line 2) 1(N14) 1(N01) [......] , [......] (Line 3) 1(N14) [......] , [......] (Line 4) 1(N14) [......] , MEN~a [......] (Line 5) [......] , [......] NI~a SA~c (Line 6) , SAR~a KI ME~a (Line 7) [......] , [......]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 093

[Quantity: 6(N14) (break) 2(N01) 2(N39~a) 1(N24) 1(N30~a)] — barley [Quantity: 4(N19) 4(N41) 1(N24~b)] — purchase/exchange; distribution; NAGA — administrator; administrator; great — lord; place; reed

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 123

[...] | [...] 1(N30~c) | ABGAL — one [large unit]: sage / senior official 1(N24) | DUB~a E2~a — one [unit]: storehouse record(s) [...] 1(N30~c) | [commodity lost] 1(N01) | |DUG~b×HI| — one: mixed-[content] vessel 1(N30~c) | 2(N57)# SAL KU3~a — one [large unit]: [2?] female precious-metal [workers / silver items] 1(N24) | |HI×1(N57)| — one [unit]: [compound commodity, meaning uncertain] 1(N39~a) | TI@t GUG2 — one [medium unit]: TI-type grain product 1(N30~c) | PIRIG~b1 — one [large unit]: lion [product / designation] 1(N30~a) | [...] — one [unit]: [commodity lost] [...] 1(N05) 2(N42~a) 1(N30~a)…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 125

[...] — storehouse [...] — [damaged sign]; [compound] storehouse [with large N57 measure] 5 — large [mixed-]measure storehouse 6 — [mixed-]measure [units] 1 — jar of beer 1[?] — [...] 1 — [BULUG3 category] at [the] mound 1 — Tigris [area]; supervisor [...] — [...] [...] — [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 4, 60

2(N14): musicians (NAR) — [barley] 1(N14): barley — lord (EN~a), A 1(N14): barley — musicians (NAR) [quantity lost]: [barley] — supervisor (PAP~a) [1]: she-goat (UD5~a) 2: overseer/category (PA~a) [1]: [ZATU710, unidentified sign] — reed (GI) [3]: [SZU?] — female (SAL), supervisor (PAP~a) [2]: cow (AB2) — [returned / replacement (GI4~a)] 1: bull (GU4@g) — [BAR: disbursement / ration-portion] 1: supervisor (PAP~a) — [barley] [1(N14)] [5]: [barley] — total / in hand (SZU)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

BSOAS 62, 116

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — BSOAS 62, 116. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CDLI Lexical 000002, ex. 176

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — CDLI Lexical 000002, ex. 176. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Writing & Literature

1…8 9 10…2046