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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Page 3 / 36

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 106, W 9656,ez

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 106, W 9656,ez. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 107, W 9656,ff

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 107, W 9656,ff. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Economy

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 109, W 9656,gb

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 109, W 9656,gb. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 110, W 9656,gg

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 110, W 9656,gg. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 111, W 9656,gs

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 111, W 9656,gs. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 7, pl. 007, W 19408,5

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 7, pl. 007, W 19408,5. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 002

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 002. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 004

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — CUSAS 01, 004. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 005

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 005. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

CUSAS 01, 006

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — CUSAS 01, 006. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3007

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3007. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3008

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3008. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3161

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — MS 3161. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3163

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3163. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3167

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — MS 3167. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 4484

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 4484. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 4530

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — MS 4530. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 5052

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 5052. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 026, W 7227,a

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 026, W 7227,a. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

ATU 5, pl. 081, W 9655,t

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC)) — ATU 5, pl. 081, W 9655,t. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3162

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3162. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 3166

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 3166. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

MS 4552

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk IV (ca. 3350-3200 BC) ?) — MS 4552. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

~3300 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

Clay tablet, late Uruk period, 3300-3100 BCE. Proto-cuneiform signs, food issue list " rations" written by combining a human head and a bowl. Purchased via Christie's in 1989, with contribution from the British Museum Friends

Tablet image sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). No scholarly translation referenced in source metadata. Source description: Clay tablet, late Uruk period, 3300-3100 BCE. Proto-cuneiform signs, food issue list " rations" written by combining a human head and a bowl (the triangular object…

Economy·Daily Life

~3200 BCE·Uruk PeriodEditorial

Proto-Cuneiform Account Tablet

One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.

Writing & Literature·Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

ATU 7, pl. 084, W 22102,5+

1. 4(N14): |GA2~a1xU4| (compound sign), (of the) courtyard, fish. 2. 2(N14): KALAM~b (land/community), small, female, fish, PAP~a (supervisor/total-marker). 3. 4(N01): fish, (for/of) the SUKKAL (vizier/minister), TE. 4. 2(N01): |GIxGISZ@t| (compound reed-wood sign). 5. 2(N01): HI (mixed), U4 (day). 6. 3(N01)# [...], [text broken/lost]. 7. 5(N01): TUR3~b (cattle-pen/byre). 8. 5(N01): HI (mixed) U4 (day), (the) GURUSZDA (animal-fattener/official). 9. 2(N01): GISZIMMAR~b1(?) (date palm). 10. 1(N01) [...], [text broken/lost].

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000002, ex. 183

1. [1(N01)] : [......] (broken) 2. 1(N01) : [......] KAB 3. 1(N01) : NAM2 DI 4. 1(N01) : NAM2 NAM2 5. 1(N01) : [......] (broken) 6. 1(N01) : NAM2 PA RAD 7. 1(N01) : AB ME 8. 1(N01) : GAL, 1(N58).BAD (compound sign) 9. 1(N01) : EN [......] (broken) 10. 1(N01) : [......] (broken) 11. 1(N01) : [......] (broken) 12. 1(N01) : [......] (broken) 13. 41 (4(N14) 1(N01)) : X [......] (broken — closing total line)

Writing & Literature

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000002, ex. 184

1(N01) , [...] SUKKAL (vizier/minister) 1(N01) , GAL~a GA~a ("great" + milk/dairy) [1(N01)] , [...] 1(N01) , GAL~a NESAG2~a ("great" + first-fruit offering) 1(N01) , GAL~a TUR3~a ("great" + livestock pen/enclosure) 1(N01)# , [GAL~a] UMUN2# ("[great]" + lord/UMUN2) 1(N01) , GAL~a# [...] ("great" + [...]) 1(N01) , IM~a# TUR# (clay/tablet(?) + TUR) [N] , [...]

Writing & Literature

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000002, ex. 188

1 (N01) — NAM2-EŠDA 1 (N01) — NAM2 KAB(?) 1 (N01) — NAM2 DI 1 (N01) — NAM2 NAM2 1 (N01) — NAM2 URU(?) 1 (N01) — PA ŠE NAM2 1 (N01) — NAM2 RAD 1 (N01) — AB ME(?) 1 (N01) — GAL [x] 1 (N01) — EN(?) [...] 1 (N01) — [x] [...] 1 (N01) — [x] [...] 1 (N01) — [...] 1 (N01) — [...] (Reverse/lower line) [n] 1 (N14) — EN 2 (N57) [E2 ...]

Writing & Literature·Daily Life

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000002, ex. 194

1(N01) , NAM2@t DI@t 1(N01) , NAM2@t NAM2#? 1(N01) , NAM2@t URU~a1# [1(N01)] , [...] NAM2@t# 1(N01) , SZE~a# NAM2@t 1(N01) , NAM2@t RAD~a@t! PA~a 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01) , KINGAL 1(N01) , GAL~a TE 1(N01) , SUKKAL [...] 4(N14) 1(N01) [N] , X [...]

Writing & Literature

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000022, ex. 032

Entry 1: 1(N01) — GIŠ ... HI ... GIŠ ... TUN₃~a Entry 2: [1(N01)] — [GIŠ] AD~a(damaged) Entry 3: [1(N01)] — [...] (broken) Entry 4: 1(N01) — SI TAG~b GIŠ Entry 5: [1(N01)] — [...] (broken) Entry 6: [N] — [...] (broken)

Writing & Literature

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000023, ex. 098

[1] vessel, [...] [1] vessel — [DUG~b jar with unidentified sign] (uncertain) [1] vessel — [DUG~b jar with natron/soapwort sign] (very uncertain) 1 vessel — [DUG~b jar with unidentified sign] (uncertain) 1 (uncertain), [...] 1, GAN~c (?) [...] 1, GAN~c (?) [...] [N], [...]

Writing & Literature

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000026, ex. 055

1(N01), [...] 1(N01), URI 1(N01), MUD3~a(?) 1(N01), MUD3@g 1(N01), MIR~b 1(N01), [...] 1(N01), [...] 1(N34) 2(N14) [...], [...]

Writing & Literature

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000026, ex. 056

1(N01) , X [sign broken/illegible] 1(N01) , SZAKIR~b [commodity sign, unknown referent] 1(N01) , [......] 1(N01) , [......] 1(N01) , [......] 1(N01) , [......] 1(N01) , [......] 1(N01) , SZU2-GU 1(N01) , SZU2-GU [......] 1(N01) , GAL~a TUN3~a ("large TUN3~a"-vessel/implement) 1(N01) , 2(N57) SZU TUN3~a 1(N01) , 1(N57)? SZU TUN3~a 1(N01) , AL(?) [......] 1(N01) , [......] 1(N34) 4(N01) , [......] (summary/total line)

Writing & Literature

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000030, ex. 057

1(N01), [......] X AD~a(?) 5(N01), MUNU3(?) 5(N01), GAZI 1(N01), [......] 1(N14), SUHUR 1(N14), KAR2~b 1(N01), [......] 1(N01), [......] 1(N01), X [......] 1(N01), [......] [N], [......] X

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLJ 2009/4 §4

1(N57 unit): MUN [salt] (sign partly broken) 43 (4×N14 + 3×N01): AL 11 (1×N14 + 1×N01): EN, (the) TUR (junior/small) 5 (N01): |U4x1(N57)| TUR (compound sign, 'small') 10 (N14): |U4x2(N57)| TUR (compound sign, 'small') 16 (1×N14 + 6×N01): |U4x3(N57)| TUR (compound sign, 'small') Total 85 (1×N34 + 2×N14 + 5×N01): 1(N57) 2(N57) MUN [salt], SU, PAP (total/sum), compound sign |1(N58).BAD|, SI, AN, AD, GIR

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CMAA 020-C0003

[...] 1(N01) unit(s), [...] X X (traces illegible) 1(N01) unit(s): a kid-goat (MASZ2), sign ZATU628~a, DIM~a, [qualifier] SAL 1(N01) unit(s): NUN~b, DIM~a 1(N01) unit(s): NUN~b, GAR, SAG (head/overseer), sign ZATU694~c [...], [...] (broken) [...] 6(N01) unit(s), [...] (broken)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 015

5(N34) 4(N14) units — workers (ERIM) — (of) the gate (KA2). 2(N14) 2(N01) units — (of) the gate — received/in hand (SZU). 2(N34) units — delivered/in transit (DU) — [sign: ZATU737×BUR]. 3(N34) units — settlement/city (URU) — [sign: ZATU659] — (of) the gate. 2(N34) units — [......] — (of) the gate. 3(N34) units — [......] — (of) the gate. 1(N51) 1(N14) units — [compound sign: 6(N57).KU3]. 1(N34) 2(N14) units — wood/GIŠ commodity — (of) the gate. (of) the gate. 1(N48) 9(N34) 2(N14) 2(N01) units — disbursed (BA) — oil/fat (NI) — (of) the gate.

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 016

Obverse 1. 1(N34), 1(N58) — UR5(-a) [commodity/account term] 2. 1(N57) — URI [place-name or container sign] 3. 3(N57) — GIŠIMMAR (date palm), wood, SI (horn/measure) 4. [......] — LA2 (weighed/allotted), SUG5 (goose/marsh-bird sign) 5. [......] — U2 (plant/fodder) 6. [......] — ZATU759 (unidentified sign) 7. 1(N57) — GADA (linen cloth), NA2 (bed/couch sign) 8. 1(N57) — ŠU2 (hand/total), SAL (woman), BAR (outside/half-portion) 9. 1(N34), 1(N58), 3(N57) — U2 (plant), NAM(-a) (category marker) 10. [x], 3(N57) — U2 (plant) 11. 1(N57) — ZATU802 (unidentified sign) (Reverse) 12. ŠU ŠU (hand, hand)…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 017

[...] , [...] 2(N01) units, PAP (person/entry) — DAR (variegated designation) 2(N01) units, NAGA (plant/alkali substance) [...] [...] , SAL (woman/female) [...] , [...] 2(N01) units, EN (lord/official) — 1(N04) [measure] 1(N01) unit, NU11 AN (star/sky sign) [...] , [...] [...] , [...] 4(N01) units, LAL2 (honey/syrup) 1(N01) unit, UR (dog/guard-personnel)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 019

(Obverse) 1(N01) — AN, NU11 [1(N01)] — ..., MU 1(N01) — ..., PAP, ME 1(N01) — BU-BU.NA2 (compound sign), SZA, ME 1(N01) — LAGAB, ..., BU 1(N01) — AL 1(N01) — ZATU725 (unidentified sign) [1(N01)] — [...] 1(N01) — [...], SZITA 1(N01) — [...] 1(N01) — SAL, GA2, GI 1(N01) — SANGA, [...] 1(N01) — KAK, GISZ [...] — [...] (Reverse) 1(N14) 4(N01) — GI, E2, NU11, NUN, DU, A

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 021

1(N22), ADAB (place/commodity notation) 3(N01), X (sign not identifiable) 1(N01), ERIN KAB (labor contingent / troop-sign + qualifier KAB) 1(N01), GAN2 ISZ~b (field-sign + damaged qualifier) 2(N14), UDU~a (sheep) 3(N01), APIN~a EN~a (plow[-team] of/for the EN — lord/high official) 1(N01), SUG5# MAR~a ZATU752 (SUG5-sign, MAR-container/boat-sign, unidentified sign ZATU752) 1(N01), HI EN~a (HI-qualifier + the EN) 1(N01), APIN~a GAN2 (plow-field) 2(N14), AN TE (AN-sign + TE-sign, function unclear) 1(N01), SAL DARA4~a1 (woman/female-sign + DARA4-sign) (final line) ZATU851 — unidentified sign, likel…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 025

(Case 1) [...], field(GAN2) — the lord/high official (EN), "interior/contents" (ŠA₃), [AN?], mother (AMA), ruler/diadem (MEN), given/deposited (RU), water/associated (A) (Case 2) [...] 4(N14 units), [...] the lord/high official (EN), X, SZU ("in hand of"/received), field (GAN2) (Case 3) 2(N50) 3(N14) — SILA₃×DUG (a capacity-vessel measure) (Case 4) [...], [...] (Case 5) [...], [...] (Case 6) [...] 2(N14), [...] (Case 7) [...], [...] (Case 8) [...] 2(N14), [...] ZATU788, woman/female (SAL), [AN], egg/offspring (NUNUZ)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 026

Line 1: [...] — [...] Line 2: [...] — courtyard [KISAL] Line 3: [...] — [GA₂-type container / storehouse, marked HI] Line 4: [...] — [...] Line 5: [...] — 3 [small units]: AN [sky / divine marker] Line 6: 1 [large count] — livestock pen; 5 [small units] Line 7: 1 [large count] — milk / dairy; [X: sign unread] Line 8: 5 [large counts] — [DA marker]: GUL Line 9: 2 [large counts] — the land [KALAM]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 030

1. 9 (units, N01-count): woman-sign (SAL) 2. 1 (N14-unit) + 2 (N01-units): 'mountain/foreign-land' sign (KUR) 3. 1 (unit, N01): compound sign |U4×2(N57)|, woman-sign (SAL) 4. 2 (units, N01): 'mountain/foreign-land' sign (KUR), compound sign |U4×2(N57)| 5. 2 (units, N01): 'calf/young' sign (AMAR), 'mountain/foreign-land' sign (KUR), compound sign |U4×1(N57)| 6. natron/soapwort sign (NAGA), [no numeral — label or divider] 7. 2 (N14-units) + 4 (N01-units, sign partly broken): KISZ (category sign, partly broken), PAP (partly broken — total/overseer marker), EN (partly broken — 'lord'/high official…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 034

Obverse: 1. 3 (units): DU ("brought/delivered") 2. 1 (unit): [sign broken/illegible] 3. 1 (unit): UMUN2 (a lord/ruler-title) 4. 1 (unit): UR2-A 5. 1 (unit): HAL ZATU694 6. 1 (unit): SAR-A 7. 1 (unit): ALAN ZATU694 ("image/figure" — ZATU694) 8. [1 (unit)]: [...] (broken) 9. 1 (unit): [x]-SZU 10. 1 (unit): EN ("lord") — KASZ ("beer") 11. 1 (unit): SANGA ("administrator") — HI 12. Total: 1(N14) + 3(N01) [a combined higher-value count]: KISZ-UB (Reverse: no inscribed sign-entries preserved in the transliteration; the reverse of the tablet bears a cylinder-seal impression and a separate star-shape…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 036

2, BAR 1, tablet (DUB~b) [...], [...] 5, female (SAL) 1, heart/inner (ŠA3~a2) [2], |U4 × 3(N57)| 2, |U4 × 2(N57)| 5 AMAR, |U4 × 1(N57)| 1(N14) 8, KIŠ NAM2 ERIN 2, salt (MUN~a1) 1(N14) 6, |DU8~c × AMAR| grass/herbage (U2~a) 2, salt (MUN~a1) 1(N14) 5, female (SAL) 1, highland/foreign (KUR~a) 1(N14), sheep (UDU~a)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 037

[18] — [...] (category lost to damage) 5 — [U4×3] category 2 — [U4×2] category 6 — [U4×1] category 2 — tablet(s) / record(s) 10 — salt 6 — [...] (category lost to damage) 3 — [U4×1] category Total: 52 — [grand sum; KISZ PAP~a]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 040

1(N14) [= 10], MUN~a1 [salt] 1(N01) [= 1], DUB~b [tablet/tally] 3(N01) [= 3], |U4x2(N57)| [day-unit × 2 notch] 3(N01) [= 3], |U4x1(N57)| AMAR [day-unit × 1 notch, calf/young animal] 6(N01) [= 6], SAL [women/female workers] 5(N01) [= 5], SZA3~a2 [interior/heart — commodity or category] 4(N01) [= 4], |U4x2(N57)| [day-unit × 2 notch] 3(N01) [= 3], |U4x1(N57)| AMAR MUN~a1 [day-unit × 1 notch, young animal, salt] 1(N14) 5(N01) [= 15], UDU~a [sheep] 3(N14) 5(N01) [= 35], KISZ NAM2 KAB# U2~b DIN [Kiš-category/institution, NAM2, KAB, fodder/plant, DIN] 1(N14) [= 10], MUN~a1 [salt] 2(N14) 5(N01) [= 25]…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 044

[...] [...] 3(N14) 2(N01) — UTUA~a [oven-product/heated-vessel category] 4(N14) 2(N01) — UDUNITA~a [rams/male sheep] [...] 2(N14) [...] 2(N01) — MASZ2 [goats/caprids] [...] [...] [...] [...] 4(N01) — [...] BU~a [...] UR2# [...] [...] [...] [...] 1(N48) [...] 3(N34) [...] [...] 4(N34) 3(N14) 2(N01) [...]

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