Read Chronology Themes Tablets Engine About

Menu

Read
Chronology
Themes
Tablets
Engine
About

Sumerian · Book

Reading the tablets…

A curated narrative reconstruction of humanity's first great civilization, sourced from the tablets themselves. Open scholarship, beautifully accessible.

The site

About the project The engine Dossiers FAQ Methodology Sources & licensing Provenance & ethics Contact & support

Legal

Privacy policy Terms of use llms.txt Sitemap

Independent scholarship · No academic affiliation · No institutional funding · Tablet imagery attributed per item via CDLI, ETCSL, ORACC, Wikimedia, and public museum collections.

Home
All tablets

The corpus

All tablets.

Every tablet in the corpus — sortable by date, title or period; filterable by theme and period. Use the controls below or change the URL parameters directly.

Search

Sort

Oldest first Newest first Title (A–Z)By period

Theme

Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

Period

Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

Source

Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

2,192 of 102,257 tablets · 2 filters activeClear filters

1901–1950 of 2192

Page 39 / 44

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-Sumerian

Our engine

Kress 230

15 workmen, for 5 days, stationed at the e2-szitim (the builders'/brickmasons' house), stationed at the e2-masz (the goat-house), foreman: Ukkene, via Lu-girizal, under seal of Bidugga. Year: "Kimash was destroyed."

Economy

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Kress 244

1. [...]-ta ("from/by ...", broken) 2. [...] x (illegible sign, broken) 3. [...] x x [...] (two illegible signs, broken) 4. n(?) 2(iku) field-area(GAN2), 1(u) 1(disz)-ta ("11 each") 5. therein (sza3-ba): 1(esze3) field-area(GAN2), field(a-sza3) [...], 1(u) 1(disz)-ta ("11 each"), i3-[...] (broken) 6. field(a-sza3): u2-du-[...] (broken)

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Kress 294

1 gur 1 barig 3 ban2 barley, royal measure, rations (šagal) for the craftsmen (gaszam), from Lu-kalla, Lu-Ningirsu received. Year: "the en-priest of Eridu (was installed)." [1 gur 1 barig 3 ban2] barley, royal measure, [rations for] the craftsmen, [from] Lu-kalla, seal of Lu-Ningirsu. Lu-Ningirsu, the scribe, son of x-[...].

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0229

8 goats, from Lu-dingira, sealed by Lu-lagasz. Year after: 'Kimaš was destroyed.' Lu-lagasz, scribe, son of Ur-Nanše, [the overseer?].

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0233

1 gur, 1 barig, 8 sila3 of [...] (commodity broken) sealed [by ...]; tablet; before [...] [...] from month: "Festival of Baba"; to month: "Mušdu"; year: "the house of Puzriš-Dagan was built."

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0236

3 workmen, 1 barig barley each, from the king('s allotment). 2 workmen, old(?). 2 (units) of oil-a-TAR. Orchard/garden — ... ... (two signs illegible/broken). Under seal of E-hegal. Month: 'Festival of Šulgi.' Year: 'Kimaš (and) Hurti and their land were destroyed.'

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0239

1 gur, 2 ban2, 6 sila3 of baked bread — royal gur (measure). From Namhani. Sealed by Lu-gula, son of Ur-igizibara. Month: "Harvest" (Ševat / itiŠE-KIN-KUD). Year following: "Kimaš was destroyed." Lu-gula, scribe, son of Ur-igizibara.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0241

3 gur 4 barig barley, royal (measure) — barley-loan of the erin2 (workers/troops), from Du6-sabara, from the place it was disbursed (booked out). Seal of Ur-Baba, the merchant. Overseer: Ur-dun. Via: A-tu. Month: Amar-a-a-si. Year: Kimaš was destroyed.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0243

1. 12 gur 2 ban2(?) wheat, 2. to (the account of) Lu-igima — 3. sealed by Ka'a, son of Atu. 4. Month: "Mušudu," 5. and Amar-ayasi (also party to this); 6. via Ur-tur. 7. Year following the year: "Kimaš was destroyed." (Seal legend:) 8. Ka'a, 9. son of Atu.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0244

9 gur 4 barig barley, royal measure, from Lu-Ninšubur, in the name of Lu-DU, he received (it) as its loan. Month: “Festival of carrying barley” (ezem-še-illa). Year: “the throne … [broken] … AN … was …” (year name, broken).

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0256

3 gur 3 barig barley, royal (measure) — from the granary of the Elamites, from (the account of) Šu-Eštar, for the gešgaba-tab (wooden brace/fixture) of the field Elam-egara. Sealed by Adda, son of Giš-BAD. Month: 'Festival of Baba.' Year: 'Kimaš was destroyed.' (Seal legend:) Adda, son of Giš-BAD, steward of Dumuzi.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0257

1) 4 gur (royal measure) of barley 2) barley rations: the porters 3) [...] x [...] x [...] (broken, illegible) 4) Ur-[...], porter 5) barley of the field bordering the street(?) 6) Year following: "Karahar was destroyed for the second time" 7) Ur-[...] 8) [...] AN [...] (broken)

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0259

76 gur 4 barig of barley (gur-measure) — wages for hired men, (among) the troops on rotation (bala) duty who are stationed (there), from Bazi, Kunzida ... [x x] ... from LUM, sealed by Atu, son of Lala, via Erra-nu-id. Month: Mušudu. Year: Simurrum (and) Lullubu were destroyed for the 9th time.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 0268

12 plowmen — 4 gur barley (royal measure) each, its barley: 48 gur — barley loan of the plowmen, from Ur-Ašnan, from the field of Egibil ("New House"), sealed by Adda, sanga-priest of Inanna, via Ur-Baba, plowman(?), year: "the en-priest(ess) of Nanna was chosen by extispicy." (Seal:) Adda, scribe, son of Ur-abba, sanga-priest of Inanna.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

LB 2360 & LB 0285

27 gur, 1 barig, 6 1/3 sila, 1 shekel barley, royal measure — the remaining balance (si'tum), account audited. Ur-Baba, son of Ur-Idina. Year following: "Simurrum (and) Lullubu [were destroyed for the ...th time]" — a-ra2 [...] 27 gur, 1 barig, 6 1/3 sila, 1 shekel barley, royal measure — the remaining balance, account audited. Seal of Ur-Baba, son of Ur-Idina. Year following: "Simurrum (and) Lullubu were destroyed for the 9th time (10 minus 1)." [Ur]-Baba, [scribe], [son of] Ur-Idina.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 001

3 gur 4 ban2, royal (measure) — regular offering of (the god) Šara. From Ur-lisi, Esagil received. Month: "Min-eš". Year: "Karahar was destroyed for the second time". Lu?-AN.[...]

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 003

1 ban2 8 sila3 ghee (butter fat), 2 1/2 mina of good/sweet reed, 2 mina minus 5 shekels of gir2, 8 sila3 gu4-KA-ru aromatic (šim), from Ur-lisi, Dingira received. Month: Šu-numun ("month of the seed"), year following the year: "Simurum was destroyed for the third time."

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 004

2(gesz'u) ... total: 2736 bundles of reed, ŠID (a qualifier — "counted" or a type-designation); 1560 bundles of reed, NE (a qualifier — possibly "fired/burned" or another type-designation); from Šeš-kalla, An-gugu received. Month: "E-iti-6" (the 6th month), year: "the house of Puzur-Dagan was built."

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 005

15 gur of fresh fish, 3 calves — for Puzur-Erra; under seal of Ur-Enun. Year: "The house of Puzur-Dagan was built." Ur-Enun, son of Umani.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 008

[x] female laborers, for 5 days, from Umma — Puzur-Iškur carries the malt-flour. Foreman: Ur-Nintu. Under seal of: Nabasa. Month: 'E-iti-6' (the 6th month), year: 'Šašrum was destroyed.' (Seal:) Nabasa, scribe, son of Ugudu.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 015

1 habuda(-object) — its weight: ... shekels — from Ur-Enlila — sealed by Warad — month: Pa'u'e — year: 'The en-priestess of Nanna was chosen by (extispicy) omen' — Lugal-itida, scribe, son of Šeš-kalla.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 016

3(gešʼu) 7(geš2) 20 7 [= 2247] bundles of good reed, en-du8-du (reed) — its bales: 11 each. 2(gešʼu) 3(geš2) 10 2 [= 1392] bundles of a-ba-gal reed — its bales: 20 minus 1 (= 19) each. Into the storehouse of the house of Sagdana it was brought in. 12 gil(-bundles). From Ur-mes, by order, received. Month: Ševsagkud ("Grain-harvest"). Year: Simurrum was destroyed for the 9th time. By order — the scribe, son of La'asa.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

MVN 05, 017

9 minas of gi-wool, from Halla, Lugal-itida received. Year: "Simurrum (and) Lullubum were destroyed for the 9th time."

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Orient 55, 158-159 no. 4

612 bundles of reed, for lading the bread-boat and for the building of two boats, for the bala-obligation; from Lugal-azida, sealed tablet of Huwawa, via Gatie. Year: "Šaššūrum was destroyed for the second time." (Seal:) Lu-[Ebgal], the scribe, son of Ur-gepar.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Orient 55, 159 no. 5

1 (worker): E-ki, from the month 'Dal' (onward); 1 (worker): Lugal-daba'an, from the month 'Sowing' (Šu-numun onward); 1 (worker): ARAD-hula, from the month 'House-of-the-sixth-month' (E-iti-6 onward); — fallen (deceased/dropped from the roster). Foreman: Basa. Sealed tablet of the šatam-office (accountability) of Ur-amma. Year: 'The en-priest(ess) of Eridu was installed' (Amar-Suena year 8). (Seal:) Ur-amma, the scribe, son of Na-silim.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Orient 55, 160 no. 6

16 workmen for 2 days: towing an empty barge from Umma to Du-geš-i(ka); for 2 days: threshing the barley and loading it onto the barge; for 1 day: towing the barge to the Salla canal; for 3 days: unloading the barley, transferring the barley, and plastering the granary (grain heap) with mud. Foreman: Ur-Šakkan. Sealed tablet of Ur-Šara. Year: "The en-priest(ess) of Gaeš was installed" (Amar-Suen year 9). (Seal inscription:) Ur-Šara, scribe, son of Šeš-kalla.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

PPAC 5, 1646

5 (gur), šuku-allotment, field A-uri; foreman: Ur-Geštinanka. 5 (gur): Ur-Ištaran. The barley of the field — its case is to be investigated. [...] šuku-allotment, from Ur-Geštinanka and Ur-Ištaran: barley of the Ki-sumun field, leased (plow-)land of Abba-kalla, the foreman. Regarding the barley rations — its case is to be investigated.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

PTS 1073bis

6 gur 3 barig of barley, barley for flour. Sealed tablet of Lugal-kisal. On the 5th day, from the storehouse a man may take it and bring it out — he swore by the name of the king. Foreman: Buka. Month: Lisi.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

QNAR 1, Fig. 3

Šu-Suen, mighty king, king of Ur, king of the four quarters — Arad-Nanna, the grand vizier (sukkal-mah), son of Ur-Šulpa'e, the grand vizier: (he is) your servant.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

RA 009, 043 SA 24

1 lamb — (for) Utu: delivery of the governor of Gudua (Cutha). 1 lamb — (for) Enlil, 1 lamb — (for) Ninlil: delivery of the zabar-dab official. 1 lamb — (for) Nusku, 1 lamb — (for) Ninurta: delivery of Lugal-melam; the zabar-dab official was the responsible official (maškim). 2 sheep — (for) Dada the scribe; ARAD-mu was the responsible official (maškim). Expenditure, on the 10th day. Month: 'Festival of Šulgi.' Year: 'Kimaš and Hurti were destroyed.'

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

RA 010, 065 018 etc. (cast copies)

1 barig of barley (royal measure) — Lugal-ušur, son of Ur-Eanna; 1 barig — Lu-Nindara, son of Lu-pada; 1 barig — Lu-isa, son of Ur-Enki. Total: 3 male workers at 1 barig each; its barley: 3 barig. Conscripted workers (ḫe-dab) of the temple of Nindara. Month: "Gana-maš." Year after "Kimaš was destroyed."

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Rochester 216

2 gur 3 barig of barley, royal measure, food allowance of the land of [...] ... ga-tug, from Ur-sagku; sealed tablet of Lu-dingira, the foreman. The overseer: Lu-Baba. Month: "Harvest" (še-sag-ku). Year: "Kimaš [was destroyed]." (Seal:) Lu-dingira, foreman, son of Ur-gigir, (of the) Enun-[...].

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

ROM 925.062.009

247 ewes, 286 rams, 5 lambs — regular offerings of (the god) Dumuzi; from Gudea, son of Ug-IL, (received) under the seal of Lu-igimaše, the animal-fattener of Dumuzi. Year: "En-mahgal(-ana) was installed as en-priestess of [the god] Nanna." (Seal:) Lu-igimaše, son of Ur-saga, the animal-fattener.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

SEL 34-36, 263 no. 01

24 gur of barley by the royal (measure), barley loan; sealed tablet of Atu, son of Lu-gešbare, the cattle manager (šuš). Month: "Barley harvest" (še-sagku). An oath by the name of the king was placed (sworn). (Seal inscription:) Atu, son of Lu-gešbare, the cattle manager.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Smithsonian 09

2 grain-fed sheep, (as) regular offering; 1 male kid, for the daughter of Kur-girini; 2 grain-fed full-grown billy goats: Talim-Enlil; 2 male kids: Me-Ištar; 1 female kid: Šu-Kubum. The 5th day of the month having passed, delivery of Šulgi-simti; Šulgi-ili took charge (of the animals). Month: Šu-ešša (7th month at Puzriš-Dagan); year following (the year) 'Kimaš was destroyed' (Šulgi year 47).

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Smithsonian 16

1 gur, 2 barig, 3 ban of barley (= 450 sila), fodder for the ziggum-equids, from the mill-house, from ARAD, Lu-Ninšubur received. Month: "Barley at the harbor" (Umma month 3). Year after: "Urbilum was destroyed" (Šulgi year 46). (Seal:) Lugal-emaḫe, the scribe, son of [Lugal-kugani].

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Smithsonian 27

500 sar (of field) hoed, at 5 sar (per workday) each — its labor: 100 days. Field: A'uda-gula ("Greater A'uda"). 1,395 sar of diḫ-thorns cut, at 15 sar (per workday) each — its labor: 93 days. Field: E-girgilu. Oxen overseer: Lugal-inim-gina. Foreman: Šara-kam. Sealed tablet of Da'aga. Year: "The land of Zabšali was destroyed." (Seal:) Da'aga, scribe, son of Ur-geš-šaga.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

SNAT 185

3 barig 2 ban of groats (milled grain), its barley (equivalent): 2 barig 1 ban 3 1/3 sila; 2 gur 1 barig 4 ban of ... bran, its barley (equivalent): 2 barig 2 ban; (total:) 4 barig 3 ban 3 1/3 sila, in ...-sabum, in the timber storehouse; conveyor: Ur-Igalim and Lu-Utu, his brother. Month: Amar-a'asi; year: "The en-priest(ess) of Inanna was chosen by means of the (omen-)kid." The 5th day.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

SNAT 236

One-third (shekel) of sil[ver], the wages of Ur-Ningešzida — in the name of Ur-Ningešzida, the smith; sealed tablet of Ur-Ningešzida, the leatherworker. It is to be repaid by the new moon. Wages. Month: "Harvest" (še-sag-ku). [One-third (shekel) of silver], [the wages of Ur]-Ningešzida, the smith — [in the name of Ur-Nin]gešzida, the smith; sealed tablet of Ur-Ningešzida, the leatherworker. It is to be repaid by the new moon. ... (two signs illegible) [...] (Seal:) Ur-Ningešzida, the leatherworker, son of Ur-E(?).

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

SNAT 258

34 gur 1 ban of fresh fish, (measured by) the royal gur — of this fish, (that destined for) the female weavers of Girsu, Ahum-beli received; 6 gur 3 barig 2 ban, (for) the female weavers of the nin-dingir priestess of Baba — from La'a the female weavers received it. Month: "Barley harvest" (še-sag-ku). Year: "Huhnuri was destroyed" (= Amar-Sin, year 7, ca. 2040 BCE).

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

TLB 03, 148

6 gur of barley (by the) royal (measure), barley loan (for) the soldiers of the governor, citizens of Uruk, from the granary of Barasiga, from Ur-Nanshe; sealed tablet of Lu-girizal. Foreman: Shesh-lugal-pa'e. Captain: Ur-Baba, son of Ur-saga. Month: extra (intercalary) 'Barley harvest' (13th month). Year: 'Harshi, Hurti, and Kimash were destroyed.' (Seal:) Lu-girizal, scribe, son of Lu-Ashnan.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

TMH NF 1-2, 235

(obverse) [x] textile(s) [...] their weight: [...] [n +] 1 cape garment(s) (tug2 gu2-e3) [n +] 1 fine-quality garment(s) (tug2 nig2-lam2) [...] ... [...] Ur-AN-[...], the scri[be]. [...] (remainder lost)

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

TMH NF 1-2, 334

Month: Kin-Inanna (the 6th month at Nippur). (Seal legend:) [Amar-]Suen, [mighty king], [king of Ur], [king] of the four quarters of heaven, Lugal-melam, governor of Nippur; [PN], scribe of the treasury(?), son of [...]-Enlil, scribe of the gipar of Nippur, servant of [...].

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

TSU 091

[...] (quantity lost) oil rations for the gods; 4 sila of syrup (lal) for the festival — (for) the temple of Ningirsu and the temple of Baba — received from Ur-Egal, the mer[chant]. Lugal-GIR-gal, the scri[be], son of Lu-Ba[ba?].

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

UET 3, 0690

½ mina 5 shekels of silver, for one (image of) Lagamal — from Ur-guedina Ahu-waqar received. Month: "Harvest" (še-sag-ku), the 9th day having passed. Year: [... (year-name illegible)].

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

UT 1599-27

3 gur of barley (by the) royal (measure), requisition (nig-dab) for the festival of Šu-numun; from Ur-Lisi Lugal-gu'ene received. Year: "For the third time Karhar was destroyed." 3 gur of barley (by the) royal (measure), goods for the festival of the month Šu-numun; from Ur-Lisi Lugal-gu'ene Lugal-gu-... [broken].

~2049 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Akkadica 135/1, 084-086 06

1 ram, with fleece (bar-gal2), died. From Lu-Utu. Under seal of Lu-kalla. Month: Pa'ue. Year: "Huhnuri was destroyed." Lu-kalla, scribe, son of Ur-e'e, the herdsman (šuš3).

~2049 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Anonymous 481001

1(aš) 3(ban2) [barley]: Ur-dani, son of Ur-amma, the plowman (farmer) — from Lugal-kuzu, the overseer of oxen (ox-driver foreman). 1(aš) 3(ban2) [barley]: Šara-ma'adu, charged against Akalla, the foreman(?) — is to be added from the ...-day(?) [dal]. Month: 'Min-eš' (the second eš-month). Foreman: Lugal-mea. Year: 'The (golden) throne of Enlil was fashioned.' [...] (break — text lost) Scribe: [...], son of Lugal-AN?-...

~2048 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 224, Bod S 186

2 gur 4 barig 2 ban of barley, (measured by the) royal (gur), the deficit of the barley expenditures at Nippur; (charged to) ARAD — they being land registrars — it is to be repaid. On behalf of the land registrar, the sealed tablet of Kaguna is present. Month: Dal. Year: "Anshan was destroyed." (Seal:) Kaguna, the scribe, son of Ur-[...].

~2048 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianOur engine

Anonymous 458904

18 (units of) mixed wood(s) — from Ur-e'e; for/in the name of the farmers (engar-e-ne); sealed by Lugal-x-x (name partly broken); Year: 'Simurrum (and) Lullubum were destroyed for the 9th time.'

1…38 39 40…44