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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 090

1½ gur-mah of barley — [for] Munus-geštin ('Vine-Woman'); 6 barig [for] A-pa-e; [...] 2 barig(?) [for] An-dab-[si]; x [...]; 1 gur-mah(?) x-[...]; [n gur-mah for] Bil-a-nu-kuz; 1 gur-mah(?) [for] Ad-[da?]; [...] x; [responsible official:] the herdsman (na-gada).

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 092

182 male workers — Uruk; 192 — Adab; 94 — Nippur; 60 — Lagash; 56 — Šuruppak; 86 — Umma. Men who have been stationed [in these cities], [throughout] Sumer — dispatched [and] delivered, [and] handed over. Grand total: 670 male workers [who] have been stationed.

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 093

1,532 male workers (guruš); 39 (= 40 less 1) child construction workers (dumu-dumu šitim); 41 female workers (geme₂); an-še₃-gu₂ [subtotal]; 1,612 persons receiving rations (lu₂ nig₂-gu₇); 47 (= 50 less 3) persons [of] Kiš — delivered (DU)

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 094

122 workmen — men stationed at Uruk; 215 — Adab; 74 — Nippur; 110 — Lagash; 66 — Šuruppak; 128 — Umma. Grand total: 650 workmen [600 + 60, minus 10], men stationed in Sumer.

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 101

670 workers — battle muster — deployed (their) food rations 1,612 workers assembly (their) food rations oil — [fine/sesame]

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 109

[1] Ur-Utu [1] Lu-lal 1 E-munus 1 E-na-lu-lu 1 En-kas4 1 En-abzu-mud 1 E-šeš 1 Amar-edin 1 Lam-ma 1 Lu-siki-USZ-AK

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 116

13 bread-rations of (one) sila (each) — [for] Lugal-nig-ba-bara-du; 12 — Ur-ab-si[?]; 7 — (for) the settled farmer; [...] ...[KA?]...

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 122

1 Amar-PA 1 Illu-sar 1 Nin-ukken-a[?] 1 Lu-lu [...] 1 Dingir-šeš-mu Nin-ur-sag — overseer 1 Adda 1 Mes-[...]-x 1 Lu-na-nam 1 Utu-a-mu 1 Nani Utu-ur-sag

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 123

[...]-x [...]-zi 3 (units) — Ni2-kur-ra 3 (units) — USZ 3 (units) — AK-sud3 3 (units) — Ur-saga-ta 2 (units) — Ur-[...] [x units?] GI[?] [...] 3 (units) — Pa-en-da[-...] 2 (units) — Sud3-[...] 2 (units) — Nin-[...] 2 (units) — Šeš-[...] 2 (units) — [...]-[...] 3 (units) — AN-[...] 3 (units) — [...]

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 136

10 garments: Su-mu-aštar[,] man [PN PN —] [...broken...] [...] [traces —] minister[;] 1 (garment): Nanna, cupbearer; 1 (garment): Šeš-gu10; 1 [and] 3 barig: Utu-ursag, barber, temple administrator; 14 garments: e2-šud3-du10, chief of Dilmun.

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 139

5⅓ gin₂ (sheqels) of silver; 1 aktum-garment — [he] carried/received: Ur-Enki, son of NI-ba-hi-li. He owes [it] with him. His feet were seized [he has been detained]. HE2-e2-gal — bar (separate category/section); NI-hi-li, his fuller (textile-worker) — Ku3-an: unknown.

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 140

10 (units of) clarified butter — (for) the Uri₃ storehouse; 10 (for) En-kaš₄; 2 (for) [DUMU×NUN]-šita; 2 (for) Ur-Utu; 2 (for) the donkey-overseer; 1 (for) Tug₂-TE-DU; 1 (for) Lú-SI; 2 (for) the physician; 2 (for) Lamma; 5 (for) the gardener; 1 (for) Šeš-tur; 1 (for) En-abzu-mud; 1 (for) Nig₂-lugud-da; Grand total: clarified butter — 40.

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 141

899 [units of] standard gamurx; 8 [units] 3 ban2 of gamurx — sealed receipt (šu-kam4 lid2-ga); 20 [units] minus 1 barig 3 ban2 of gamurx — hand-touching receipt (šu-tag lid2-ga); [Under] na-gada (the cowherd). 111 [units of] standard gamurx; 1 [unit] 1 barig of gamurx — sealed receipt (šu-kam4 lid2-ga); 2 barig 3 ban2 of gamurx — hand-touching [received]; [Under] unu3 (the herdsman). Grand total: [1,0]10 [units of] standard gamurx; 9 [units] 1 barig 3 ban2 of gamurx — sealed receipt (šu-kam4 lid2-ga); 20 [units] 1 barig of gamurx — hand-touching receipt (šu-tag lid2-ga).

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 142

1,200 [units of] si-|NUxU| 1,200 [units of] |(TIR&TIR)xU2| — [for] ensi-GAR — [and] lord Zi-u4-di 60 [units of] si-|NUxU| — [for] the Chief of Dilmun — [and] the Subarians (dependent workers) — [and] the barber — [and] the temple administrator of GAR 90 [units of] si-|NUxU| — [for] the son of the Chief of Dilmun — [and] GAR-HU-DUR2-BU — [and] the kinda2-worker

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 145

170 dates — standard allocation — Adab, ha-ur2 350 dates — standard allocation — eagle [...] 100 dates — standard allocation — festival of the courtyard 180 dates — standard allocation — gal-UN

Writing & Literature

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

WF 151

20 minas of copper — a-NI-NI 20 [minas] — é-Ḫursag 20 [minas] — é-en-ra 20 [minas] — Iškur 20 [minas] — é-zi[-pa-e₃] 4 [minas] — Ur-gibil 4 [minas] — Amar-KISAL-NUN 4 [minas] — [Dumu-x-]NUN-šita 4 [minas] — munus-ki-nu-zu 4 [minas] — šita 20 [minas] — a-si₄ [x x — illegible] Total: 140 minas of copper

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

AAICAB 1/1, pl. 008, 1928-439

[...] field [...] field [...] field [...] field [...] field [...] field 1/3 (unit) — silver [...] 10 — silver, shekel(?) [...] 1(?) — silver, shekel [...] 1/2 (unit) — silver, shekel [...] 1 [...]

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Anonymous 270812

1 (gur) — Abba 2 (gur) — Ekur-nin 2 (gur) — [x]-nin 1 (gur) — Ur-ganun 1 (gur) — Ab-zu-zu 2 (gur) — Ur-nagar 1 (gur) — U2-U2-a 2 (gur) — Pa4-pa4 —— 12 gur of barley (total) Day 1: 1 shekel measured —— 5 ban2 — U2-U2-a 4 ban2 — Lugal-he2

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 007

9 workers — [for/of] e2-sar; 4 — [for] Ašgi; 4 — [for] e2-sahar; 2 — [for] Inanna; 3 — [for] Enki; 4 — [for the e2]-dam; 1 — Dara-[U]-Enlil-gar; 1 — [x]-e2-si; 1 — An-ne; 8 — small sanctuaries; [temple of] Utu; day 17 (= 20 minus 3); [field of] the chariot.

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 010

5 shekels of refined silver 1 [unit?] of silver(?), [by the] talent 1 [unit] mountain PA, [by the] talent 1 [unit] x DIB(?) mountain x, [by the] talent 1 [unit] PA TAR-TAR(?), [of] pure silver, [by the] talent 1 [unit] yellow-green(?), silver 1 [unit] UD-tongue/blade 1 mina of female-goat wool, weighed 1/3 [unit] nu-gu Geme-Ur-Ganun(?) — was delivered

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 012

[17] gur-saggal of barley — Ur-Si 2 barig — Shu-ash3 2 barig — E2-mah-da 1 barig 2 ban2 — U2-U2 1 barig 3 ban2 — Ishtup-Il 1 gur — Nin-tur-tur 1 gur — the gudu4-priest of E2-mud 1 gur — Du-du 1 gur — Bara2-a-ra2-nu2 Total: 24 gur 5 ban2 of barley, gur-saggal measure [x?] — the lu2-mah (chief official) [n?] 5 gur? — Namlugal-nidum

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 016

5 large-gur (gur-saggal) of barley — Ur-en-sig-nun-na; 2 [large-gur,] ma-mud; [...]-sag, barley; 5 [large-gur] of barley — Me-me-a; 15 gur — the Vine-House (E₂-geštin-su₁₃); 2 [gur] — Nin-mu-gin₇-a-mah; 2 + 2 [gur] — Ili-ili; [...]-HAR; [...] (broken); Nu-SAHAR-a; Ma-ma-kišī-gal.

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 027

3 gur of barley, received — Egi, son of Ama-NU+NU. 1 gur 1 barig — Amar-giri, builder. 1 gur of prime barley — Amar-ku6-ara2, shepherd. 1 gur 2 barig — Lugal-niĝzu. 1 gur 2 barig — Lugal-damda.

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 029

Lugal-nigzu — Ur-nibeda — from the field a peg was pulled out; a donkey was released there; milk was declared there — before Ur-su, the donkey herder; house ... [broken] wages — distributed — [KU] ... the matter is concluded; to the governor of Nippur; ... [is] available.

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 030

25 aktum-garments 20 minus 3 NI-garments [= 17] 8 nig2-bar-ba [items] 3 nig2-la2 gaba [chest-pieces] New tablet: 40 minus 2 — balance [= 38]

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 038

15 gur of barley — purchase price for 1 house of 1 sar — it is. Nin-pada, wife of Lugal-ša, who drew [it] from the [clay] tablet [?] — received. 1 shekel of silver, 1 gur of barley — KUM-tuš-[ša3?], son of Lugal-[ša], received. Purchase price of [x x x]

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 040

7 mother cows 2 cows, 3 years old 1 bull, 2 years old 1 female suckling calf 1 male suckling calf Total thereof: 12 Ur-likam Uʾuma Ansi Mazauma

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 043

5 gur 2 barig of barley 1 bar-dul5 garment — silver: 2/3 mina 1 aktum garment — silver: 2/3 mina 1 nig2-lam2 cloth — [value:] ½ shekel 1 nig2-lam2 cloth — [value:] ⅓ [shekel] 1 gur 2 barig of barley — 2 shekels of silver (for which there is no year-date) 1 shekel of silver [n] 1 she-goat [n] silver — 2/3 mina brought by canal [...] brought thereto 1 — into his/her hand — a garment, gum(-quality), was received [...]

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 044

10 gur of barley — (from) the storehouse of the barber: 2 gur 2 barig: Igi-si. 2 gur 2 barig: Usz, son of Za-ge. 3 gur: (for) the storehouse of the barber. 2 barig: Ur-gu, son of Lugal-ennu. Inim-zida (witness). An-da-gal (witness). It is the principal barley; it is its source (base account). 4 gur 2 barig of barley: Aba-Enlil, son of Amar-Abzu, received (it).

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 054

4 iku of field — 10+2 asz, 2 barig: its barley — [belonging to] the storehouse of the great merchant. 2½ iku of field — 10 less 2 barig: barley of the man [who is] sanga Lugal-ezem, the foreman. 1 eše3 [+] 2 iku of field — 40 less 2 asz, 2 barig: barley of Ama-bara-si [and] Lugal-ildu, the rope-stretchers. 3 iku of field — 10+2 asz, 2 barig: barley — [belonging to] the household of the rope-stretcher. 3¼ iku of field — 10+5 asz, 2 barig: barley of the junior woman, wife of the rope-stretcher. 1½ iku of field — 5 asz: [barley] of Ur-TAG, the potter.

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 081

420 — old bread-rations 300 — wide [bread] 418 — kusz3-type, base-grade 358 — kusz3, 1 šu-bad, ½ 301 — GIŠ.BAD — overseer and deputy-overseer 302 — kusz3 — En-tar 121 — ninda-KID bread 179 — GIŠ.BAD — the elder [...] x — [...]-na 62 — kusz3 — Puni-dug 120 BAD kusz3 — not deposited in the storehouse 120 BAD — [Ekur(?)] — not deposited 241 — account of Ur-KUSZ2 121 — account of Huni-[x] 5 — account of NI-a

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 083

54 [bundles of] fodder-grass — En-a-kal-le; 35, quay construction; 40, Ur-ni; 42, En-tar-si; 3[6], overseer-foreman; 32½, overseer.

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 087

286 (units) of copper — ha-bu11-da [grade/type] 110 minas of copper [x] minas, [x] from [x] [x] [...] brought out from the dust/rubble: 251 minas of copper — weavers, issued from the palace; weavers under the overseer of the smiths — given.

Writing & Literature

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

BIN 08, 115

1 šar 4 bur 2 iku of garden, [designated:] great, 5 bur of small garden, 1 bur 3 iku, outer field of the city-place of AN, 5 bur of garden — [potter?] Ur-en-[X], [house of] AN-[X], 4 iku, outer garden, [X] a-zu-zu [(X)], [it is] the year[ly account].

Writing & Literature

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAICAB 1/2, pl. 140, 1971-349

20 (shekels of barley), top-quality rations — Gala-priest of the master-carpenter; 20 (shekels): Ur-e'a, the leather-worker; 20 (shekels): Inim-Utu; 20 (shekels): En-an-ne, [of the] lower [quality / second grade]; (quantity lost): Gala-priest, [of the] lower [quality / second grade]; 20 (shekels): Ad-kup-gal; — the 'non-irrigating man' (canal-work gang); their overseer: the farmer (agricultural official).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAICAB 1/3, pl. 245, Bod S 295

2 barig of Akkadian bappir (beer-bread) 2 barig of groats 2 barig of malt 2 barig of flour 2 ban of fine flour (for/by) Mama-hursag Total: 1 gur 3 barig 2 ban of flour — Akkadian 2 ban of fine flour Year 3, month 7

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAICAB 1/4, Bod S 340

1 barig 3 ban of fine flour from Agade 1 gur 1 barig of lentil/chickpea flour 3 gur of semolina 2 gur [2? ban] of malt flour 2 ban [of ...] x x [AN?] x la [A?] x x x x x x x x x [1 barig?] x x x x 2 [names?], 2 months

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 009

2 jugs of 5-ban beer 2 jugs of 3-ban beer ne-sag surplus Total: 2 barig 4 ban — its barley equivalent 6 years, 8 months

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 012

2 sheep chosen by the heart (= selected) 1 lamb [of/for] the edge (side) of UD-HUB₂ 1 lamb [for/of] Dumuzi 1 lamb [for/of] Lugal-pa-e₃ 1 sheep [for the] cook (muhaldim) 5 lambs [for/of] Ab-zu [1]1 sheep [as] goat(s)? returned/brought back (šu-gi₄-gi₄) Total: 14 sheep, 9 (= 10 minus 1) lambs Expenditure (zi-ga)

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

AAS 202

x x [...] 1 [...] Kalla? 1 Me-pa-[x] 1 Ur-[...] 1 Lugal-maškim [1] Lu-[...] [1] Lu-[...] [...] Pa-geš-[...] Their account-inspection has been performed. 7 persons, 5 months.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CUSAS 11, 283

143 gur of barley — its field-area: 1 bur3. Month of Še-sag-kal, day 7. Field of Mu-nu11-mah; [Field of Gada-gar-Ib]-ni-Suen — it is (this).

Writing & Literature

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

JCS 32, 169 1

Wood(en) ... not ... [...] Wooden [object], [its] face/front, [sign uncertain], ... not (At the) foot / path of the city The path(?) of Utu is made just [...] ...-[broken] A man [...] path(?) [...] to measure [...] vessel(?) Toward its throne dais(?) A man who does not return (what he owes to) a man A man who does not add (what is due) to a man [...] Wood(en) [...] ... [...] Wood(en?) binding [...] The term of office passes ... [...] [...] for its destiny, a judgment is rendered Alas — it was brought out [...]

Writing & Literature

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 001

3 [units] of finest-quality bread; 36 gu2-zi jars; 18 jars of [...]; [...] received. At the mouth of the small canal — bread disbursed. Lugal-an-dul3, chief cupbearer; Mes-ki-gal-la, governor of Adab.

Writing & Literature

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 004

[n ...] weaver(s) [...]... [...]-lum [...] house [...] their commissioner [...] bank of the city [n?] I-lum-gar3, scribe — An-na-šum2. 1 merchant: An-na-šum2. A garment has been issued.

Writing & Literature

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 006

32 + [n] sheep Adda [n +] 23 — Inim-ma-ni-zi 30 — E2-dam-si 30 — Nin-da [n +] 8 — [lu2...]-u2-[...] [remainder broken]

Writing & Literature

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 009

11 gur, 1 barig, 1 ban2 of flour 25 gur of barley 3 gur of beer-bread [...] (broken) [n+]1 gur, 2 barig of groats 48 gur, 1 barig, 1 ban2 — grand total Annašum

Writing & Literature

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 013

[n] goat(s) — Sag-zi; 1 goat — Ili-ili; [n] goat(s) — [...]-ba; 1 goat — Ur-tir; 1 male sheep — Ka-ku3, son of Ur-[...]

Writing & Literature

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 018

[...]-gu [...]: [Thus] speak: To my lord, say: 'The troops have been set in order. On day 4, [they] perished — mace(?). 15 troops were [...] [...]-na-ga [...] [...] gathered [...] [...] [...] [...] [...] [...] year / name (?) [...] in the palace. A person who has nothing [...] may he bring it.'

Writing & Literature

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 020

1 silver ring [hu-la] — its weight: 1/3 mina 1 naš-pāru garment 1 first-quality, fully finished garment — (for the) bala rotation 1 weaver's garment — (for the) bala rotation 1 (vessel of) fine oil — 2 sila; (1) rope 1 (unit of) bitumen — for the house (for / by) Bēlī-il-abā 1 weaver's garment — (for the) bala rotation (for / by) Elīšta-kal lu2-ku (official) [the] gleaming ornament(s) [of / for] the king they brought [it/them]

Writing & Literature

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Lippmann Coll 021

1 bala-garment, 1 (unit of) bitumen (for) the ox-stall of the house, 1 leather bag — (for) Ḫulium; 1 bala-garment, 1 (unit of) bitumen of the house, 1 leather bag — [U]ṣium; Men of the nig₂-mul (institution), (of) Lagaš, from Zira — they brought [it there]; they received (it). Month: Šesagkalga.

Writing & Literature