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~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 110

(i' 1') I placed [at their service the former ramku-priests, pašīšu-priests, (and) ecstatics], those initiated [in secret rites. I set] before them [purification priests], āšipu-priests, [lamentation priests], (and) singers, [who] have mastered (their) [entire cr]aft. (i' 7') [I built anew E]t[emenanki], (ii' 1') [May the god Marduk and the goddess Zarpanītu, the gods, my helpers], look with joy upon my good deeds and bless my kingship in their steadfast heart(s). (ii′ 5′) [Let] the seed of my priestly office endure (along) with the foundations of Esagil (and) Babylon; let my [kingship] be…

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 111

(i 1') [The people living there] were [answering each other] ye[s (for) no]. They neglected [their goddesses, abandoned] their rites, (and) (i 5′) [embraced] quite different (rites). [They put their] hands on the possessions of [Esagil], the palace of the god[s, an] inaccessible [place, and] they sold the gold, silver, (and) pr[ecious stones at] ma[rket value] to the land E[lam]. (i 12') The [Enlil of] the gods, [the god Marduk], became angry and [plotted evilly] to le[vel the land (and) to de]st[roy its people]. Cols. ii–iv (missing) (v 1') [I built (and) co]mpleted [Esagil ... a replica of…

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 112

(i 1') ... E[sarhaddon], great king, mighty king, king of the world, king of [Assyria], king of the kings of [(Lower) Egypt], Upper Egypt, and [Kush], (i 5´) king of the [four] quarters, the king who [has] no rival in all of [the lands]; son of Sennach[erib, king of Assyria, descendant of Sargon (II), grea]t [king], mighty king, king of the world, king of [Assyria, governor of Babylon], king of the land of Sumer [and Akkad, ...] Col. ii (missing) (iii 1') [...] ... [...] ... [...] placed before them [...] the temples, all of them, (iii 5´) [...] ... that were ruined [...] brought [...] ...…

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 113

(1) Esarhaddon, great king, mighty king, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, chosen by the god Marduk (and) the goddess Zarpanītu, true shepherd, favorite of the god Aššur and the goddess Mullissu, the king who from his childhood trusted in the gods Nabû, Tašmētu, and Nanāya and (5) knew their power; son of Sennacherib, great king, mighty king, king of the world, king of Assyria; descendant of Sargon (II), great king, mighty king, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad; descendant of the eternal line of…

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 114

(i 1) Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, king of Sumer and Akkad, pious prince, who reveres the gods Nabû and Marduk — (i 7) Before my time, in the reign of a previous king, bad omens occurred in Sumer and Akkad. (i 10) The people living there were answering each other yes (for) no (and) were telling lies. They put the[ir] hands on the possessions of Esagil, (i 15) the palace of the gods, and they sold the gold, sil[ver], (and) precious stones at market value to the land Elam. (i 19) The Enlil of the gods, the god Marduk, became angry and plotted evilly to…

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 116

Esarhaddon's justification for Sennacherib's sack of Babylon: the Babylonians themselves broke divine law — selling Esagil's treasures to Elam — so the gods, not Assyria, destroyed the city.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 117

Attests Esarhaddon's claim to have restored neglected shrines and forgotten rites — part of his systematic effort to legitimate rule after his father Sennacherib's sack of Babylon.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 118 / CDLI Seals 006507

(Inscription_A 1) Property of the god Marduk, <<...>> seal of the god Adad of Esagil. (Inscription_B 1) To the god Marduk, great lord, his lord: Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria, presented (this object) for the sake of his life.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 119

(1) For the god Marduk, his lord: Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria, (and) king of Babylon, made the processional way of Esagil and Babylon shine with baked bricks from a (ritually) pure kiln.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 120

(1) For the god Marduk, his lord: Esarhaddon, king of Assyria (and) king of Babylon, had baked bricks made anew for Esagil and Babylon.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 121

(1) For the god Marduk, his lord: Esarhaddon, king of Assyria (and) king of Babylon, had baked bricks made anew for Esagil and Etemenanki.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 122

(1) For the god Marduk, his lord: Esarhaddon, king of Assyria (and) king of Babylon, had baked bricks made anew for Esagil (and) Etemenanki.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 123

(1) For the god Marduk, his lord: Esarhaddon, king of Assyria (5) (and) king of Babylon, had baked bricks made anew for Esagil and Etemenanki.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 124

(1) For the god Marduk, his lord: Esarhaddon, king of Assyria (and) king of Babylon, had Etemenanki built anew.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 125

(1) For the god Marduk, his lord: Esarhaddon, king of Assyria (and) king of Babylon, had baked bricks made anew for Eteme[nanki].

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 126

Attests Esarhaddon's restoration of Etemenanki, the great ziggurat of Babylon, framing reconstruction as personal piety toward Marduk — evidence of an Assyrian king actively courting Babylonian religious legitimacy.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 127

(1') [...] ... [...] ... [...] (2') [... w]ho to his ... not ... [...] (3') [...] ... paid attention to the mention of his name, his command [...] (4') [...] brings quickly before [...] (5') [... unsub]missive to the comma[nd] (6') [...] destroyed [that] one, making the inhabited world shake (7') [...] the god, his helper, (8') [... wi]th his help, they knelt, beseeching his lordship (9') [...] did not bear my yoke (lit. “pull my yoke-rope”) (10') [who took] away [the fields of the citizens of Babylon and Borsippa], appropriating (them) for himself (11') [...] did not fear his command or the…

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 128

Attests Esarhaddon's devotion to Ištar of Nippur — here styled Queen-of-Nippur enthroned in Ebaradurgara — documenting Assyrian royal investment in a Babylonian cult centre during his post-conquest reconciliation policy.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 129

Dedicates a building project to Enlil 'whose command cannot be revoked,' pairing that theological formula with Esarhaddon's full titulary to show how Assyrian kings grounded imperial legitimacy in divine sanction.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 130

(1) [For the god Enlil], king of the gods, valiant, who drives out the enemies in battle, [...] the sublime, who walks at the side of the king — his favorite — the one who conquers the enem[ies ..., ... Elugalg]usisa — which is in Nippur (Duranki) — great lord, [his lord]: (4) [Esarhadd]on, great king, mighty king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), [governor of] Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad, selected by the steadfast heart of the god En[lil]; (6) [who from] his childhood [trus]ted in the gods Aššur, Enlil, Sîn, Šamaš, Adad, Marduk,…

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 131

(1) For the god Enlil, lord of the lands, his lord: Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria, (5) king of Babylon, (and) king of the land of Sumer and Akkad, son of Sennacherib, king of the world (and) king of Assyria, (10) descendant of Sargon (II), king of the world (and) king of Assyria, renovated Ekur, the temple of the god Enlil, my lord, and made its processional way shine like daylight.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 132

(1) For the god Enlil, divine lord of the lands: Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, king of Babylon, (and) king of the land of Sumer and Akkad, for the sake of his life enlarged Pukudadaga (5) in the courtyard of the god Enlil with baked bricks from a (ritually) pure kiln.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 133

Dedicatory inscription to Ištar-of-Uruk in her Eanna temple: attests Esarhaddon's deliberate cultivation of the ancient Sumerian cult centre as a source of royal legitimacy seven centuries after Ur III.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 134

(1) For the goddess Ištar-of-Uruk, sovereign of heaven and netherworld, most valiant of the gods, august, supreme lady, who has gathered to herself (all) divine offices of highest rank, the one into whose hand all purification rites are appointed, empress of the goddesses, whose words are pre-eminent in heaven and netherworld, goddess of war and battle, who goes at the side of the king, her favorite, (and) slays his foes, who dwells in Enirgalana (“House, Prince of Heaven) — which is inside Eanna — lady of Uruk, great lady, his lady: (6) Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria,…

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 135

(1) For the goddess Nanāya, veiled one of the goddesses, who is adorned with attractiveness and joy and full of glamour, splendid daughter of the god Anu, whose lordship is supreme among all ladies, eminent spouse of the god Muzibsâ, praised sekretu, beloved of his majesty, compassionate goddess, who goes to the help of the king who reveres her, who prolongs his reign, who dwells in Eḫiliana (“House, Luxuriance of Heaven”) — which is inside Eanna — queen of Uruk, great lady, his lady: (6) Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad;…

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 136

(1) For the goddess Nanāya, queen of Uruk, great lady, his lady: (2) Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad; who is assiduous toward the sanctuaries of the great gods; the one who (re)constructed the temple of the god Aššur, (re)built Esagil and Babylon, (5) renovated Eanna, completed the sanctuaries of all of the cult centers, (and) constantly established appropriate procedures in them; the one who conquered from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea (and) the one who made all rulers submissive to him; son of Sennacherib, king of Assyria; descendant of…

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 137

(1) For the goddess Ištar of Uruk, lady of the lands: Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria, (5) governor of Babylon, (and) king of the four quarters, son of Sennacherib, king of the world (and) king of Assyria, descendant of Sargon (II), king of the world (and) (10) king of Ass[yria], renovated Eanna (“House of Heaven”), the temple of highest rank, for the sake of his life, and made (it) shine like daylight.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 138

(1) For the goddess [Ištar (of Uruk)], lady of the lands: Esarha[ddon], king of Assyria (and) king of Babylon, renovated E[ann]a (“House of Heaven”), the temple of highest rank, for the sake of [his] life, and made (it) shine like daylight.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 139

(1) For the goddess [Ištar] of Uruk, lady of Eanna, lady of the lands, [his] lady: Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyr[ia], governor of Babylon, (5) king of the land of Sumer and Ak[kad], son of Sennacher[ib, king of the world, king of] Assyr[ia, descendant of Sargon (II)], king of the world, king of Assyria, [renovated Ean]na, (10) [the temple of high]est rank, [and] made (it) [shine] like [daylig]ht.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 140

(1) For the god Adad, who resides in the city Guzāna, his lord: Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, son of Sennacherib, king of Assyria, made (this bucket) for his (long) life.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 141

(1) The palace of Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria: (this is) booty from Egypt (and) Kush.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 142

(1) To the god Marduk, his lord: Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, gave (this eyestone) for his (long) life.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 143

(1) [For the goddess Tašmē]tu, [his lady]: (2b) [Esar]haddon, [king of Assyria, made an]d dedicated (this object) [for] his (long) life [and for the (long) life of] his [children].

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 2001

(1) (Property) of Ešarra-ḫammat, wife of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 2002

(1') [...] ... [...] that house [...] ..., the tomb of Ešar<ra>-ḫammat, his wife, ... [...].

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 2003

Issued in the voice of Naqīʾa-Zakūtu, Esarhaddon's mother, this inscription is a rare case of an Assyrian queen mother publicly claiming a share of war spoils and directing conquered peoples to corvée labour in her own name.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 2004

Lacuna? (1') [...] king [... Zakūtu/Naqīʾa ... wi]fe ... [... Sennach]erib, king of the world, [king of Assyria, daughter-in-law of Sargon (II), king of the world, k]ing of [Assyria, mother of Esar]haddon, king of the world (and) king of [Assyria]; (6') [the gods Aššur, Sîn], Šamaš, Nabû, and Marduk, Ištar of Nineveh, (and) [Ištar of Arbela] glad[ly placed Esarha]ddon, my offspring, upon the throne of his father, [... whose] good ... [...] they made pre-[eminent ...] who marched [... from the] Upper [Sea] to the Low[er] Sea (and) who does not [have] an equal (therein); (and) who flattened his…

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 2005

(1) To the goddess Bēlet-Ninūa, who resides in Emašm[aš], great queen, her lady: (2b) Naqīʾa, wife of Sennacherib, king of Assyria, daughter-in-law of Sargon (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, commissioned a pectoral of red gold, which was inlaid with precious stone(s) weighing 3 3/4 minas. (6) She presented and dedicated (this object) for the preservation of the life of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, her son, and for her own life, for the stability of her reign, (and for) the well-being of her offspring.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 2006

(r 1) To the queen, the goddess Mullissu, who resides in Ešarra, great queen, her lady: (r 2) Zakūtu, wife of Sennacherib, king of the world, king of Assyria, daughter-in-law of Sargon (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, mother of Esarhaddon, king of the world (and) king of Assyria, commissioned a gold ... that was inlaid with obsidian, [...]-stone, carnelian, pappardilû-stone, papparminu-stone, [...]-stone, (and) lapis lazuli weighing 1 1/2 minas. (r 7b) She presented [and dedicated] (this object) for the preservation of (the life of) Esar[haddon, her son], and for her own life, for the lengthening of [her days], the stability of her reign, (and for) the well-being of her offspring.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 2007

(1) To the god(dess) D[N]: (2) Zakūtu, wife of Sennacherib, king of Assyria, dedicated (this object) for the (long) )life of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, her son, and for her (long) life.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 2008

(1) [To the goddess Bē]let-Bābili, her lady: (2) [N]aqīʾa, wife of Sennach[er]ib, king of Assyria, daughter-in-law of Sargon (II), king of Assyria, mother of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, presented (this object) for the preservation of the life of her son and for her (long) life.

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 2009

(1) Naqīʾa, wife of Senna[cherib (...)].

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianRINAP 4

Esarhaddon 2010

(1') [They (the gods) entered the orch]ards, groves, ... [...] ... [... through the] craft of the sage [“the washing of] the mouth,” “the open[ing of the] mouth,” [“bathing,” (and) “pu]rifica[tion”] (were recited) before [the stars of] the night: the gods [Ea, Šamaš], Asallu[ḫi, Bēlet-ilī], Ku[su], and [Ni]ngirima. (11') I washed its mouth ... [...] exalted [...] ... [...] ... [...] Label on the gown of figure on the left: (1) Image of Naqīʾ[a ...]

LawReligion & Myth
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianSAA 16

SAA 16 001. Letter to Urtaku, King of Elam (ABL 0918)

(1) A tablet from Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, to Urtaku, king of Elam, [my] br[other]. I a[m] well, your sons and daughters are well, my country and magnates are well. May Urtaku, king of Elam, my brother, be well, may my sons and daughters be well, may your magnates and your country be well! (9) Aššur, Sîn, Šamaš, Bel, Nabû, Ištar of Nineveh, Ištar of Arbela and Manziniri have now [fulf]illed and confirmed what they promised, (and) have developed our f[rie]ndship to (its) peak. (14) N[ow t]hen, [...] of establishing fame (15) [......] (Break) (r 1) [...] [1]00 1[00 x x x x] (r 2) [...] [1]50 1[50] 5 5 [x x] (r 3) [...] [1]50 150 5 5 5 [x]

Daily Life
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianSAA 16

SAA 16 002. King’s Word to the Queen Mother (ABL 0303)

(1) The king's word to the mother of the king: I am well. Good health to the mother of the king! (6) Concerning the servant of Amos, about whom you wrote to me — just as the king's mother commanded, in the same way I have commanded. It is fine indeed, as you said. (r 4) Why does Hamunayu go?

Daily Life
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianSAA 16

SAA 16 003. King’s Word to Issar-na’di (ABL 0417)

(1) The king's word to Issar-na'di: I am well. You can be glad. (5) As to Aššur-abu-iddina, [whom you w]rote to me about, (7) [...] which is [no]t good (8) [...] has said [...] (r 1) [s]end me [...]! But it is good that you wrote to me.

Daily Life
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianSAA 16

SAA 16 004. King’s Word to Ištar-[...] (ABL 0300)

(1) The king's [word] to Ištar-[...]: I am [we]ll. [You can be gl]ad. (3) [As t]o these men [... about whom you] wrote: "No[w ......]" (Rest destroyed or too broken for translation)

Daily Life
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianSAA 16

SAA 16 005. Settling Accounts and Preparing for Royal Visit to Harran (CT 53 930+)

(1) [The king's word to ...l]î: [I am well], you [can be gl]ad. (3) [Ahabû] is [no]w co[ming to y]ou. [Make] everything ready for him [quickly]! [...] my garments (and) the garments [of] my [two] sons, [and give him] wool, [x] sesame, a corres[ponding] (amount of) wine, [mul]es and camels! ... [from] Sî-abu 20 minas of silver! (12) Count out emmer, barley, wheat (and) grapes according to the market price and give them to his manservant! Get the (relevant) document and destroy it! (16) Review the rams, deposit šupuhru-cedar! Inspect the threshing floors of the gardeners, write (a report) on a…

Daily Life
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianSAA 16

SAA 16 006. Reading Letters to the King (CT 53 391)

(Beginning destroyed) (1) As [to what you wrote to me]: "You did not read [nor open the letter] which [I sent] to you." (3) How [would] I [not do] thi[s]? When a letter whi[ch you send to me comes] to [my re]porter, [he pe]rsonally [opens] the let[ter] and [makes me hear] its [infor]mation. (9) [W]hy [should I read] a letter? I take care of myself. (When) I see [a letter], I do not open it nor r[ead it]. (r 2) Besides, the messenger [who brings a letter] to [his lord], whether a guard, [a ...], or a mounted [messenger ...] — let them bring [......] (Rest destroyed)

Daily Life
~675 BCE·Neo-AssyrianSAA 16

SAA 16 007. Sealed Order (CT 53 693)

(Beginning destroyed) (1) I wro[te ......] (2) until n[ow ...] (3) When the seal[ed order came to me], I personally sent [......] (6) without [ ......] (7) you [......] (r 1) who is in the presence [......] (r 2) no [......] (Rest destroyed)

Daily Life