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Amar-Suena 21

Dedicatory inscription naming Taddin-Eštar as a royal child of Amar-Suena, adding a personal name to the otherwise sparse prosopography of the Ur III royal family.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-Sumerian

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LB 0229

Obverse 1. 8 billy-goats, 2. from Lu-dingira; 3. sealed document of Lu-Lagaš. Reverse 4. Year after Kimaš was destroyed. Seal 1. Lu-Lagaš, 2. scribe, 3. son of Ur-Nanše, [captain?].

Economy

LB 0233

1. 1 gur 1 barig 8 sila of ... ; 2. sealed document(?) of ... ... [...]; 3. from the month Festival of Baba 4. to the month mu-šu-du7. 5. Year: "The house of Puzur-Dagan was built."

LB 0236

Obverse 1. 3 workmen, 1 barig of barley (each), from the king's (stores); 2. 2 workmen, old (?); 3. 2 (units?) i'a-TAR (?); 4. garden of ...; Reverse 5. sealed document of E-hegal; 6. month: Festival of Šulgi; 7. year: Kimaš, Hurti and their territory were destroyed.

LB 0239

1 gur 2 ban 6 sila of baked bread, (measured by the) royal gur, from Namhani; sealed document of Lu-gula, son of Ur-igizibarra. Month: Še-sag-ku ("Barley-harvest"), year following (the year): "Kimaš was destroyed." Seal: Lu-gula, scribe, son of Ur-igizibarra.

LB 0241

Obverse 1. 3 gur 4 barig of barley, royal (measure), 2. loan barley of the workers, 3. from Du-sabara, 4. from Bazi. Reverse 5. Sealed document of Ur-Baba, the merchant; 6. overseer: Ur-dun; 7. via Atu. 8. Month: Amar-a-a-si. 9. Year: Kimaš was destroyed.

LB 0243

Obverse 1. 12 gur 2 ban (?) of wheat, 2. from Lu-igimaše; 3. sealed document of Ka'a, son of A[tu]. 4. Month: Mušudu, 5. and (month:) Amar-ayasi; Reverse 6. via Ur-tur. 7. Year after (the year): "Kimaš was destroyed." Seal 1. Ka'a, 2. son of Atu.

LB 0244

Obverse 1. 9 gur 4 barig of barley, (by the) royal (measure), 2. from Lu-Ninšubur, 3. on behalf of Lu-DU, 4. as an interest-bearing loan(?), received. Reverse 5. Month: Festival of Carrying the Barley. 6. Year: the throne [......] ...... was [fashioned(?)].

Economy·Law

LB 0256

1. 3 gur 3 barig of barley, royal (measure), 2. from the grain-heap of the Elamites, 3. from Šu-Eštar, 4. for the gaba-tab work of the Elam-egara field. 5. Sealed document of Adda, son of GIŠ-BAD. 6. Month: Festival of Baba; 7. Year: Kimaš was destroyed. Seal: 1. Adda, 2. son of GIŠ-BAD, 3. steward of Dumuzi.

LB 0257

1. 4 gur of barley, (by the) royal (measure), 2. barley rations of the porters; 3. [...] ... [...] ... [...] 4. Ur-[...], the porter. 5. Barley of the field beside the SILA3(?). 6. Year after the year Karhar was destroyed for the second time. 7. Ur-[...] 8. [...] AN [...]

LB 0259

1. 76 gur 4 barig of barley, 2. wages of the hired workers, the labor-troops of the bala-service staying (on duty), 3. from Bazi; 4. from the Kunzida (canal-inlet) of ......; 5. sealed document of Atu, son of Lala; 6. via Erra-nuid. 7. Month: Mu-šu-du7. 8. Year: Simurrum (and) Lullubum were destroyed for the 9th time.

LB 0268

Obverse 1. 12 plowmen, 4 gur of barley (by the) royal (gur) each: 2. their barley: 48 gur; 3. barley loan of the plowmen, 4. from Ur-Ašnan, 5. from the field E-gibil. 6. Sealed document of Adda, temple administrator of Inanna; 7. via Ur-Baba, the plowman(?). Reverse 8. Year: the en-priestess of Nanna was chosen by means of the omen kid. Seal 9. Adda, scri[be], 10. son of Ur-ab[ba], 11. temple administrator of Inanna.

LB 2360 & LB 0285

1. 27 gur 1 barig 6 1/3 sila 1 shekel of barley, by the royal gur, 2. KU, the remainder of the account made; 3. Ur-Baba, 4. son of Ur-iedina. 5. Year after (the year) Simurrum and Lullubum [were destroyed for the 9th] ti[me]. 6. 27 gur 1 barig 6 1/3 sila 1 shekel of barley, by the royal gur, 7. KU, the remainder of the account made; 8. sealed document of Ur-Baba, son of Ur-iedina. 9. Year after (the year) Simurrum and Lullubum were destroyed for the 9th time. 10. [Ur]-Baba, 11. [scr]ibe, 12. [son of] Ur-iedin[a].

RIME 3/2.01.01.24, ex. 35a-b

Exemplar a: 1. Ur-Namma, 2. king of Ur, 3. king of Sumer and Akkad, 4. the one who 5. built the temple of Enlil. Exemplar b: 1. Ur-Namma, 2. king of Ur, 3. king of Sumer and Akkad, 4. the one who 5. built the temple of Enlil.

SEL 34-36, 263 no. 01

1. 24 gur of barley, (by the) royal (measure), 2. interest-bearing barley; sealed document of Atu, 3. son of Lu-gešbare, the cattle manager. 4. Month: Še-sag-ku (barley harvest). 5. Year: Lugal-bagara. Seal: 6. Atu, 7. son of Lu-gešbare, 8. cattle manager.

TLB 03, 148

1. 6 gur of barley, royal (measure), 2. loan barley of the soldiers of the governor, men of Uruk, 3. from the grain heap of Barasiga, 4. from Ur-Nanše: 5. sealed document of Lu-girizal; 6. Šeš-lugal-pa'e (being) foreman, 7. the overseer (being) Ur-Baba, son of Ur-saga. 8. Month: extra (month of) Šesagku. 9. Year: Harši, Hurti and Kimaš were destroyed. 10. Lu-girizal, 11. scribe, 12. son of Lu-ašnan.

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-SumerianEditorial

Umma Livestock and Personnel Account (AnOr 1, 243)

A surviving administrative record of named people and livestock in the Ur III period. Together with other archives, such accounts reveal the work of managing animals, deliveries and institutional responsibility.

Economy·Daily Life

Ibbi-Suen 01

Ibbi-Suen's own account of fortifying Ur's walls — the defensive building programme of the last king of the Ur III dynasty, undertaken as Amorite pressure and internal fragmentation were already straining the empire he claimed to rule.

Ibbi-Suen 2014

Dedicatory inscription naming Ibbi-Suen's personal deity Mešlamta-ea: one of the few surviving epigraphic witnesses to the personal piety of Ur III's last king before Ur fell to the Elamites.

Šu-Suen 03

Records Šu-Suen's systematic disposal of conquered populations — blinded men assigned to temple orchards, women to textile mills — documenting the Ur III state's institutionalised exploitation of war captives as temple labour.

Šu-Suen 2018

Dedicates a bronze axe to the god Šara on behalf of Šu-Suen, attesting the votive inscription habit by which Ur III officials tied personal piety to royal legitimacy.

Šu-Suen 27

A fragmentary royal inscription of Šu-Suen attesting the standard Ur III ideological formula linking kingship to Enlil's personal favour — evidence of how the dynasty legitimised rule through divine election language.

Šulgi 03

Dedicatory inscription recording Šulgi's construction of the E-ḫursaĝ palace-temple at Ur, attesting royal building patronage as a mechanism of divine legitimacy in the Ur III state.

Šulgi 06

Attests Šulgi's building works at the E-ana temple complex in Uruk, linking his patronage of Inana's cult to his claim over the dual title 'king of Sumer and Akkad.'

Šulgi 09

Attests Šulgi's construction of the E-šeššeše-ĝara for Nanše at Lagash, placing royal temple-building patronage at the intersection of Ur III statecraft and the goddess's traditional role as divine judge of social justice.

Šulgi 10

Dedicates the E-šeššeše-ĝara temple to Nanše, goddess of social justice and boundaries, placing Šulgi's building patronage within the religious infrastructure that legitimised Ur III royal authority.

Šulgi 100add

Attests Šulgi's patronage of Martu, the Amorite deity, inside a Sumerian royal titulary — evidence that Ur III kings co-opted tribal gods to consolidate legitimacy on their western frontier.

Šulgi 13

Dedicatory inscription recording Šulgi's construction of Ninmarki's temple E-munus-gisa at Ĝirsu, anchoring the king's patronage of local cults within his broader claim to rule all Sumer and Akkad.

Šulgi 15

Dedicatory inscription anchoring Šulgi's construction of the Bagara temple to Ninĝirsu at Lagash — evidence that the Ur III kings extended royal building patronage to cults beyond their capital at Ur.

Šulgi 20

Attests Šulgi's construction of the E-dur-anki, anchoring his building program at Ur to the goddess Inana and the ideological fusion of military power with divine patronage in the Ur III state.

Šulgi 2001

Votive dedication to Ninhursaĝa naming Šulgi by his full titulary — 'king of Sumer and Akkad' — attesting the ideological claim to universal kingship that defined Ur III imperial identity.

Šulgi 2032

A priestly dedication to Ninmarki and Nanše for Šulgi's well-being, attesting how Ur III cult officials used votive inscriptions to link temple service with royal legitimacy.

Šulgi 22

Attests Šulgi's full titulary — 'king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad' — one data point in the composite epigraphic record mapping how Ur III rulers projected sovereignty across a unified southern Mesopotamia.

Šulgi 34

Dedicatory inscription naming Šullat and Haniš — storm-deity pair better known as heralds of the Flood in later myth — as recipients of a royal temple built by Šulgi, attesting their independent cult under Ur III patronage.

Šulgi 39 (and Šulgi 45)

Attests Šulgi's full royal titulature — 'king of Urim, king of Sumer and Akkad' — the ideological formula by which the Ur III dynasty claimed sovereignty over the entire known civilised world.

Šulgi 40

One of the royal inscriptions of Šulgi — the Ur III king who standardized weights, measures, and law — attesting his titulary as 'king of Urim' across multiple manuscript witnesses.

Šulgi 41

One of the composite royal inscriptions of Šulgi of Ur III, attesting the titulary and self-presentation of a king whose 48-year reign shaped Sumerian administrative and literary culture around 2094–2046 BCE.

Šulgi 66

A dedicatory inscription to Inana naming Šulgi as king of Ur, attesting the ideological fusion of divine patronage and royal legitimacy at the height of Ur III imperial power.

Šulgi 88

Dedicatory bead inscription to Ninlil naming Šulgi's child Ninturturĝu: the curse clause attests the legal-religious mechanism Ur III kings used to protect monuments from later erasure or usurpation.

Šulgi 89

Attests Šulgi's paternity of Simat-Enlil, anchoring one royal daughter within the Ur III dynastic genealogy that scribes used to legitimise political marriages and temple appointments.

Šulgi 96 / CDLI Seals 005318 (CDLI Seals 005318 (composite))

Seal impression of a military governor of Uruk and Dēr attesting the administrative hierarchy binding provincial officials to the Ur III crown under Šulgi.

Unattributed Ur III 1001

A fragmentary Ur III royal inscription attesting the titulary 'king of Sumer and Akkad' and palace-building ideology — evidence for how Ur III rulers projected legitimacy through construction dedications.

Unattributed Ur III 1004

A fragmentary Ur III royal inscription attesting the title 'king of Sumer and Akkad' and construction of a storehouse: one of many such dedications that collectively map the building programs asserting Ur III sovereignty.

Unattributed Ur III 1007

One of the surviving Ur III royal inscription fragments attesting the standard curse formula against erasure of a ruler's name — thin but direct evidence for how Sumerian kings legally protected their monumental dedications.

Unattributed Ur III 1009

One of the surviving composite witnesses to an Ur III royal inscription asserting dominion over Sumer and Akkad — the titular formula through which Third Dynasty kings legitimised their territorial sovereignty.

Unattributed Ur III 1010

One of the fragmentary Ur III royal inscriptions preserved in the ETCSRI corpus (Q001880), attesting — even in damaged form — to the administrative or dedicatory conventions of Sumerian kingship c. 2050 BCE.

Unattributed Ur III 1011

One of the fragmentary Ur III royal inscriptions preserved in the ETCSRI corpus (Q001881); its surviving signs offer minimal but datable epigraphic evidence for Sumerian royal scribal practice ca. 2050 BCE.

Unattributed Ur III 1017

Dedicatory inscription on a mace head presented to the moon-god Nanna at his Ur temple, the E-kiš-nu-ĝal: one of many such votive texts that map the ritual economy binding Ur III kings to their patron deity.

Unattributed Ur III 1030

A votive vessel dedication from an Ur III king of Ur invokes Utu as enforcer against inscription-erasers — attesting the legal-religious mechanisms kings used to protect their monumental legacy.

Unattributed Ur III 1035

A votive dedication by a royal guard captain to the moon-god Nanna, attesting the Ur III practice of subordinate officials commissioning inscriptions that linked their own piety to the king's titulature.