Position in chronology
MSVO 3, 14
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P005325.
Why it matters
Transliteration
1(N40) 1(N24~a) , UR2 GISZ 2(N40) 1(N24~a) , GURUSZ~a E2~a 4(N40) , MUSZ3~a SAL KU3~a 2(N40) 1(N24~a) , SZUBUR |E2~ax1(N57)@t| 3(N40) 1(N24~a) , AN BA 3(N03) , MUD AN TE 3(N03) , HI KA~a 3(N03) , NIR~a# [...] 4(N03) , [...] 3(N40) , SZU BU~a 2(N03) 2(N40) , HI KA~a , GU7# 3(N18) 4(N40) , GU7# , SAGSZU
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Uruk III (ca. 3200-3000 BC)) — MSVO 3, 14. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Land Berlin, Berlin, Germany (P005325) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P005325..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.