Position in chronology
MDP 06, 276
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P008069.
Why it matters
Transliteration
M157~a , x M004 M218 M376 , 2(N01) |M228~b+M101| |M228~b+M320| [...] , [...] [...] M285~c , 2(N01) M386~a M380 M371 , 2(N01) 1(N08A) M219 M295~l M218 , 1(N01)# x |M296+M296|#? M371 , 3(N01) M251~i M371 , 1(N08A) M381 , 1(N01)# [...] M226~c#? M032 M218~b , 4(N01) M387 x? [...] , [...] [...] M352~o# , 1(N01) [...] M218# [...] , [...] [...] , [...] 4(N01)# M381 , 4(N01) 1(N08A)
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Proto-Elamite (ca. 3100-2900 BC)) — MDP 06, 276. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Louvre Museum, Paris, France (P008069) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P008069..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.