Position in chronology
KM 89301
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P235048.
Why it matters
Transliteration
1(ban2) sze-ba ur-gilgamesx(|BIL3.GA.MES|) [...] sze lu2-szara2 [...] sze# szesz-kal-la [...] x nir ne x [...] szesz-a-ni [...] x ni# [...] sza3-gal gu4 ru? [...] ugula# ur-gesztin-an-ka iti <e2>-iti# 6(disz) mu us2-sa bad3 mar-tu ba-du3 ur-gesztin-an-[ka] gu-za-la2 dumu ur-nin-x
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — KM 89301. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y38 — Year after: The Amorite wall was built based on canonical year-name formula in the transliteration.
Attribution
Image: Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (P235048) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P235048..
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Related sources
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Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.