Position in chronology
Syracuse 025
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P130576.
Transliteration
1(asz) 3(ban2) dabin gur 4(disz) 2/3(disz) sila3 i3-szah2 6(disz) sila3 li2-iq-tum al-la-ha-ru ku3-bi 1/2(disz) gin2 2(disz) sila3 im ku3-sig17 ki ur-e11-e-ta nigar-ki-du10 szu ba-ti kiszib3 a-kal-la aszgab mu en ga-esz5 ba-hun a-kal-la dumu lu2-bulug3-ga2 aszgab-gal
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Syracuse 025. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Syracuse University Library, Syracuse, New York, USA (P130576) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P130576..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.