Position in chronology
Nisaba 15, 1093
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P273796.
Transliteration
1(gesz'u) 5(gesz2) sze gur kiszib3 szu-esz18-dar e2 dam-gar3-ka i3-gal2-la la-qi3-ip-e im-dah-hu-a mu lugal-bi in-pa3 iti masz-da3-gu7 mu en inanna unu masz2-e i3-pa3 la-qi3-pu-um ugula-gesz2-da dumu da-da-a
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Nisaba 15, 1093. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: private: anonymous, unlocated (P273796) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P273796..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.