BE 03/1, 068

~2050 BCE·Ur III · Neo-Sumerian·P105620

Translation — curated editorial

Editorial

Experimental

Editorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P105620.

Transliteration

4(barig) 3(ban2) gu2-tur-tur
2(barig) gu2-[gal]-gal
giri3 igi-sa6-sa6
1(asz) 1(barig) 3(ban2) gu2 hi-a
ga2-nun-ta
ma2-a ga2-ra
2(ban2) gazi
a-ra2 1(disz)-kam
2(ban2) gazi
a-ra2 2(disz)-kam
ma2-a ga2-ra
a-a-ni szu ba-ti
1(disz) ma2 ri-a uri5-ta

Scholarly note

Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — BE 03/1, 068. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Attribution

Image: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (P105620) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P105620..

Related tablets

Related sources

~3200 BCE

Proto-Cuneiform Account Tablet

One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.

~3500 BCE

Kish Tablet

Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.

~2450 BCE

Stele of the Vultures

The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.