Position in chronology
AUCT 3, 306
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P104518.
Transliteration
1(u) udu ba-usz2 nibru-ta giri3 szu-suen-i3-li2 u3 puzur4-szakkan2 iti ki-siki-nin-a-zu mu e2 szara2 ba-du3 szu-suen lugal kal-ga lugal uri5-ma lugal an-ub-da limmu2-ba a-ha-am-wa-qar dub-sar [ARAD2-zu]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — AUCT 3, 306. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Siegfried H. Horn Museum, Institute of Archaeology, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan, USA (P104518) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P104518..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
A window into the world's first total state. The Ur III administration tracked every animal, every worker, every shekel — for a population in the millions. The level of paperwork was not exceeded until the modern era.