Theme
Law
From the Code of Ur-Nammu to Hammurabi's stele: the first attempts to write down justice, contracts, and the rules of common life — the deep ancestor of every legal system since.
Stele of the Vultures
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.
LawWriting & LiteratureA-Ane-pada 2
(1) For ..., Aya-Ane-pada, king of Urim, ....
LawA-Ane-pada 4
(1') ... when he built ..., he šarried a holy šhariot to .... Inim-zid and Nanna-ursag dedišated this (bowl) for the well-being of Aya-Ane-pada.
LawA-Ane-pada 6
(1) To Ninazu, Luduga dedicated this for the well-being of Aya-Ane-pada.
LawA-Ane-pada 7add
(i 1) The dwelling AB.IGI.BUR, the sanctuary, the mountain of snakes, where? Inana ..., the Abzu (whose) god no crown (i.e., ruler) would disobey, its owner, the god of Aya-ane-pada, Enki, the father who created him, made his (= Aya-ane-pada’s) lordship apparent. (ii 1) He (= Aya-ane-pada) (then) established the AB.IGI.BUR for him (= Enki), called its name for him, and fashioned his crown for him.
LawA-KALAM-du 1 / CDLI Seals 001440 (CDLI Seals 001440 (physical))
(1) Aya-kalam-dug, king of Urim: Aya-šusikil-Ana is his spouse.
LawA-kurgal 1
(1) For Ninĝirsu, Aya-kurgal, ruler of Lagaš. child of Ur-Nanše, king of Lagaš, built the Antasura.
Law
Abzu-kidu 2
Dedicatory bowl inscription naming Abzu-kidug and her spouse: one of the sparse Early Dynastic records attesting elite women by name in Sumerian royal dedicatory practice, c. 2450 BCE.
Law
An(u)bu 3
Dedicatory inscription naming Nin-meta-bare, child of Anbu, as donor to the deity Asum — a rare personal-name attestation anchoring prosopography at an Early Dynastic Sumerian cult site c. 2450 BCE.
LawAnonymous 06 (FAOS 05/2, Anonym 06) (FAOS 05/2, Anonym 06)
(1) To Ninšubur of Bad, Enzid, the shepherd, and Amar-kikug, child of Enzid, dedicated this (statuette).
LawAnonymous 10 (FAOS 05/2, Anonym 10) (FAOS 05/2, Anonym 10)
(1) To Lugal-ega, Ursaĝ-Utu, child of Lugal-pada, the gusur, fashioned this (statuette).
LawAnonymous Adab 07 (FAOS 05/2, AnAdab 07)
(1) E-kiri, Ama-ana-ak, spouse of Inim-Utu-zid.
LawAnonymous Ešnuna 1 (FAOS 05/2, AnEshn 01)
(1') To ..., ... dedicated this (object) for his own well-being and for the well-being of his spouse and children.
LawAnonymous Ešnuna 2 (FAOS 05/2, AnEshn 02)
(1) To Abu, Lugal-kisale-si, child of Ardu, dedicated this (vessel).
LawAnonymous Lagaš 01 (FAOS 05/1, AnLag 01)
(1') ..., he displayed his booty for Bau.
LawAnonymous Lagaš 02 (FAOS 05/1, AnLag 02)
(1) For Bau, the kind woman, Luma-mešni, scribe of the granary supervisor, ... for his well-being.
LawAnonymous Lagaš 04 (FAOS 05/1, AnLag 04)
(1') ... dedišated this (vessel) for ... to Ninĝirsu.
LawAnonymous Lagaš 06 (FAOS 05/1, AnLag 06)
(1') ... Lugal-mudakuš fashioned ... for Lugal-Uruba. ....
LawAnonymous Lagaš 07 (FAOS 05/1, AnLag 07)
(1) To Ninĝirsu, Dudu, the scribe, and Aya-anzud dedicated this (statue).
LawAnonymous Lagaš 13 (FAOS 05/1, AnLag 13)
(1) To Ninĝirsu of the Bagara, Udbikura, the envoy, dedicated this (bowl).
LawAnonymous Lagaš 14 (FAOS 05/1, AnLag 14)
(1) To Ninĝirsu of the Bagara, ... dedicated this (bowl).
LawAnonymous Lagaš 15 (FAOS 05/1, AnLag 15)
(1) To Ninĝirsu of the Bagara, ... the stone-cutter, child of Ama-abzu-si, the stone-cutter, dedicated this (mace).
LawAnonymous Lagaš 19 (FAOS 05/1, AnLag 19)
(i 1) ... king of Lagaš .... ... gold ....
LawAnonymous Nippur 01 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 01)
(1) For Inana of Eden, Ur-Enlil, the chief merchant, dedicated this (plaque).
Law
Anonymous Nippur 02 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 02)
A votive dedication from Nippur naming a royal spouse, Aya-barag-ana — one of the rare Early Dynastic inscriptions to record a woman's active role in dedicating cult objects.
Law
Anonymous Nippur 04 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 04)
A votive dedication to Nintinuga, goddess of healing, from ~2450 BCE Nippur — attesting her cult and the practice of consecrated vessel offerings a century before Sargon unified Mesopotamia.
Law
Anonymous Nippur 05 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 05)
Dedicatory inscription naming Puzur-Mama, a merchant, before the healing goddess Nintinuga — early evidence that commercial figures, not only kings or priests, commissioned votive texts at Nippur around 2450 BCE.
Law
Anonymous Nippur 06 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 06)
A votive dedication to Ninlil by a ruler named Enlila, attesting the practice of offering consecrated vessels for the welfare of family members at Nippur a full century before the Akkadian Empire.
Law
Anonymous Nippur 07 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 07)
Votive dedication naming Saĝ-diĝir-tuku and Lugal-ennu preserves personal names and the practice of interceding for named individuals before the gods in Early Dynastic Nippur.
LawAnonymous Nippur 09 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 09)
(1') ..., the child of Lugal-aĝi, dedicated this (vessel) for the well-being of his spouse and child.
LawAnonymous Nippur 10 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 10)
(1) To Inana, Me-niĝarta, the spouse of ..., dedicated this (vessel) for her well-being.
LawAnonymous Nippur 11 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 11)
(1) To Inana, Urur, the land recorder, child of ..., and ..., his spouse, dedicated this (vessel).
LawAnonymous Nippur 12 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 12)
(1) To Inana, Gan-Utu, the spouse of Pa-a-nukuš, the ..., dedicated this (vessel).
LawAnonymous Nippur 14 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 14)
(1) To Inana, Gan-ezen, the spouse of ..., child of Gunidu, dedicated this (vessel).
Law
Anonymous Nippur 21 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 21)
Preserves a dedicatory inscription naming a midwife as the dedicant — one of the earliest textual attestations of that profession in ancient Mesopotamia.
LawAnonymous Nippur 24 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 24, B)
(1) To Ninnisig, Luma, the chief stone-cutter, dedicated this (vessel/plaque).
LawAnonymous Nippur 25 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 25)
(1) Lugal-hursaĝ, the temple administrator of Enlil.
LawAnonymous Nippur 26 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 26)
(1) To Inana, ..., the couriers' overseer, dedicated this (statue).
LawAnonymous Nippur 27 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 27)
(1) To Inana, Gan-Enlila, the spouse of Utum, dedicated this (vessel).
LawAnonymous Nippur 28 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 28)
(1) To Inana, ..., ..., dedicated this (vessel).
LawAnonymous Nippur 29
(1) To Inana, Ak-Enlila, the chief merchant, child of ..., dedicated this (vessel).
LawAnonymous Nippur 37 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 37)
(1) Idilum, the temple administrator of Enlil.
LawAnonymous Nippur 39 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 39)
(1) Di-abgal, the herdsman, dedicated (this) bowl to Inana.
LawAnonymous Nippur 41 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 41)
(1) To Inana, Inimani-zid, ..., and Inana-ursaĝ dedicated this (vessel).
LawAnonymous Nippur 43 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 43)
(1) To Inana, ..., the smith, dedicated this (bowl).
LawAnonymous Nippur 46 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 46)
(1) To Inana, Ilum-alsu, the temple administrator, and Aka, his spouse, dedicated this (vessel).
LawAnonymous Nippur 50 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 50)
(1') ... for the well-being of his spouse and šhildren.
Law
Anonymous Nippur 53 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 53)
One of the surviving Early Dynastic votive dedications from the Nippur tradition, attesting the formula by which a ruler sought divine favour through temple offering a century before the Akkadian Empire.
Law
Anonymous Nippur 54 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 54)
A child of a Nippur ruler dedicates a votive vessel circa 2450 BCE, attesting the practice of elite dynastic piety through object dedication in the Early Dynastic temple economy.
Law
Anonymous Nippur 57 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 57)
A Nippur dedicatory inscription naming Ĝirini and her husband Lugal-lu: one of the rare Early Dynastic texts that preserves a private person's cultic relationship with Ninlil outside the royal sphere.
Law
Anonymous Nippur 60 (FAOS 05/2, AnNip 60)
Attests the Early Dynastic Sumerian formula linking a ruler's personal welfare to that of his household — one of the earliest epigraphic anchors for the ideology of dynastic continuity at Nippur.
LawAnonymous Sippar 3 (FAOS 05/2, AnSippar 03)
(1) To ..., Men, ..., dedicated this (statuette) ..., and for the well-being of his spouse and children.
LawAnonymous Ur 16 (FAOS 05/2, AnUr 16)
(1) To Ama-ĝeštin, Ninam, spouse of ..., dedicated this (vessel) for her (own) well-being, and for the well-being of her spouse and child.
Law
Anonymous Ur 17 (FAOS 05/2, AnUr 17)
A fragmentary Early Dynastic royal inscription from the Lagash-Ur-Uruk orbit, attesting the competitive temple-building rhetoric by which Sumerian rulers legitimised dynastic succession ca. 2450 BCE.
LawAnonymous Ur 21 (FAOS 05/2, AnUr 21)
(1) To Nanna, ... for the well-being of ....
LawAnonymous Ur 22 (FAOS 05/2, AnUr 22)
(1') ..., ... dedicated this (vessel) ... for the well-being of his spouse and child.
Law
Anonymous Ur 23 (FAOS 05/2, AnUr 23)
One of the fragmentary Early Dynastic royal inscriptions from the Lagash-Ur-Uruk cluster, preserving a Suen-invocation formula that documents the lunar god's role in legitimising kingship two centuries before Akkadian unification.
LawAnonymous Uruk 1 (FAOS 05/2, AnUruk 01)
(1) After Ninimma filled (Aya-diĝirĝu) with awe by addressing him, Aya-diĝirĝu, father of Aka, the temple administrator of Utu, and Kumtuše, mother of Aya-diĝirĝu, dedicated (this statue) to Ninšubur.
Law
Anonymous Uruk 2 (FAOS 05/2, AnUruk 02)
Votive dedication by a ruler claiming joint kingship over Uruk and Ur attests the practice of dual-city titulature in the Early Dynastic III period, before such formulas were standardised under later imperial regimes.
LawBara-heNIdu 2001
(1) To Ninšubur, Ur-akkila, the city elder, dedicated this (statuette) for the well-being of Baragane-dug, ruler of Adab.
LawBara-sagnudi 1
(1) For Šara, Barag-sagnudi, king of Umma, set up this (statue).
Law
Code of Ur-Nammu
The oldest surviving law code in human history. The principle that the state — not the wronged family — defines and enforces justice begins here.
LawAmar-Suena 01
Royal titulary of Amar-Suena, third king of Ur III: attests the formula 'king of the four quarters' that legitimised Sumerian rulers as universal sovereigns under Enlil's divine mandate.
LawAmar-Suena 02
(1) Amar-Suena, whose name was proclaimed by Enlil in Nibru, the steadfast supporter of Enlil's temple, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters.
LawAmar-Suena 05
(i 1) For Enlil, the king of all lands, his master, Amar-Suena, whose name was proclaimed by Enlil in Nibru, the steadfast supporter of Enlil's temple, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters, installed this (door socket) at Enlil's pure foundation pit, at the place that fills Amar-Suena's heart with joy.
LawAmar-Suena 07
(o 1') ... whose name was prošlaimed by ..., the steadfast supporter of Enlilś temple, the powerful ..., king of Urim, king of the four quarterṣ built the E-temen-ni-guru, his beloved temple, in Urim.
LawAmar-Suena 09
(1) Since the dawn of time no temple has been built for the Dubla-maḫ except for an offering-place, where a reed hut was erected, (but now) for Nanna, his beloved master, Amar-Suena, the beloved of Nanna, whose name was proclaimed by Enlil in Nibru, the steadfast supporter of Enlil's temple, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters, built a temple for the Dubla-maḫ, the building marvelled at by the Land, his place of rendering judgements, his net, the one from which no enemy of Amar-Suena may escape. He made it shining, decorated it with gold, silver, and lapis lazuli. In…
LawAmar-Suena 11
(1) Amar-Suena, whose name was proclaimed by Enlil in Nibru, the steadfast supporter of Enlil's temple, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters, erected the statue (with the name) "It is him whose name was proclaimed by Suen who is the beloved of Urim". (1) Copy of a baked brick from the excavated debris of Urim, the work of Amar-Suena, king of Urim, that Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, military governor of Urim, found while looking for the ground-plan of the E-kiš-nu-ĝal. Nabû-šuma-iddin, son of Iddin-Papsukkal, the lamentation-priest of Sîn, read and copied it for viewing. (14) Whoever…
Law
Amar-Suena 12
Records Amar-Suena's construction of a royal jail at Ur — one of the earliest explicit textual attestations of a dedicated carceral institution in Mesopotamian history.
LawAmar-Suena 14
(1) For Inana, lady of the evening, her lady, Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters, built her temple.
Law
Amar-Suena 18
Preserves a royal titulary of Amar-Suena — 'king of Urim, king of the four quarters' — attesting the ideological claim to universal sovereignty that defined Ur III kingship at its height.
LawAmar-Suena 19
(1) En-maḫ-gal-ana, the en priestess of Nanna.
LawAmar-Suena 20 / CDLI Seals 003975 (CDLI Seals 003975 (composite))
(1) Nin-ḫedu, the daughter of the king: Urgu, the animal-fattener is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2002 / CDLI Seals 005804 (CDLI Seals 005804 (composite))
(1) Gudea, ruler of Lagaš: ..., the land recorder, is you servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2003 / CDLI Seals 005887 (CDLI Seals 005887 (composite))
(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Lugal-melem, governor of Nibru, scribe ..., child of ..., scribe of the ĝipar in Nibru, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2004 / CDLI Seals 005819 (CDLI Seals 005819 (composite))
(1) Lugal-melem, governor of Nibru: Lugal-magure, the scribe, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2005 / CDLI Seals 000105 (CDLI Seals 000105 (composite))
(1) Ṣilluš-Dagan, governor of Simurrum: Ibbi-Addad, the scribe, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2006 / CDLI Seals 005907 (CDLI Seals 005907 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Ur-Lisi, governor of Umma, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2007 / CDLI Seals 005881 (CDLI Seals 005881 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Aya-kala, the governor of Umma, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2010add / CDLI Seals 005901 (CDLI Seals 005901 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Abi-luma, the scribe, child of ..., is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2011add / CDLI Seals 005880 (CDLI Seals 005880 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Ada-lal, the courier, child of Abu-ṭab, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2012add / CDLI Seals 004272 (CDLI Seals 004272 (composite))
(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Aguda, the military governor of Ahuti, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2013add / CDLI Seals 005913 (CDLI Seals 005913 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Aguza is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2014add / CDLI Seals 005089 (CDLI Seals 005089 (composite))
(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Ahum-ilum, the courier, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2015add / CDLI Seals 005904 (CDLI Seals 005904 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful ..., king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Anum-mutappil, the courier, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2016add / CDLI Seals 000044 (CDLI Seals 000044 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim: Arad-Nanna, child of ..., is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2017add
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Aya-kala, the governor of Umma, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2018add
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Aya-kala, the governor of Umma, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2019add / CDLI Seals 000033
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Aya-kala, the governor of Umma, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2020add / CDLI Seals 000030 (CDLI Seals 000030 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, whose name was proclaimed by Enlil in Nibru, the steadfast supporter of Enlil's temple, Aya-kala ....
LawAmar-Suena 2021add / CDLI Seals 005897 (CDLI Seals 005897 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: ..., the scribe, child of ..., is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2022add / CDLI Seals 000053 (CDLI Seals 000053 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Babati, the scribe, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2023add / CDLI Seals 005882 (CDLI Seals 005882 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Baddari, overseer of the dumudaba workers, child of Gulum, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2025add / CDLI Seals 000069 (CDLI Seals 000069 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Dayyati, the scribe, child of ..., is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2026add / CDLI Seals 005537 (CDLI Seals 005537 (composite))
(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: ..., the scribe, child of ..., is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2027add / CDLI Seals 000104 (CDLI Seals 000104 (composite))
(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim: Hunnuduk, the gardu soldier, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2028add / CDLI Seals 005886 (CDLI Seals 005886 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Ikšudum, the military governor of Kiš, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2029add / CDLI Seals 005885 (CDLI Seals 005885 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim: Ili-išar, the ..., child of ..., is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2030add / CDLI Seals 005905 (CDLI Seals 005905 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Lugal-Ane is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2031add / CDLI Seals 005877 (CDLI Seals 005877 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, king of the four quarters, the beloved of Inana: Lugal-engardug, steward of Inana, nueša-priest of Enlil, child of Enlil-amah, steward of Inana, nueša priest of Enlil, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2032add / CDLI Seals 000555 (CDLI Seals 000555 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Lugal-ituda, the scribe, child of Ur-Dumuzida, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2036add / CDLI Seals 005906 (CDLI Seals 005906 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Namhani, the envoy, child of Baya, the cook, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2037add / CDLI Seals 006509 (CDLI Seals 006509 (composite))
(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim: Namhani, the envoy, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2038add / CDLI Seals 000292 (CDLI Seals 000292 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Nanna-andul, the scribe, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2040add
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Naram-ili, overseer of the doorkeepers, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2041add / CDLI Seals 000562 (CDLI Seals 000562 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim: Naram-ili, overseer of the doorkeepers, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2045add / CDLI Seals 000369 (CDLI Seals 000369 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Šu-Erra, the captain-of-sixty, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2046add / CDLI Seals 004169 (CDLI Seals 004169 (composite))
(1) Šu-Erra, the chief soldier of Amar-Suena.
LawAmar-Suena 2047add / CDLI Seals 000384 (CDLI Seals 000384 (composite))
(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Šulgi-iriĝu, the envoy and courier, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2050add / CDLI Seals 000429 (CDLI Seals 000429 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Ur-Bau, the scribe, child of Lugal-ušumgal, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2051add / CDLI Seals 005888 (CDLI Seals 005888 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Ur-kugnuna, the envoy, child of Aradani, the judge, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2052add / CDLI Seals 005891 (CDLI Seals 005891 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Ur-Lisi, the governor of Umma, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2055add / CDLI Seals 000418 (CDLI Seals 000418 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful ..., king of Urim, king of the four quarters: ..., is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2056add / CDLI Seals 004685 (CDLI Seals 005889 (composite))
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Ur-sagaĝu, the royal scribe, child of Lugal-kagina, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2060add
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Lugal-ituda, the scribe, child of Ur-Dumuzida, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2061add
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: ..., the governor of Umma, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2062add
(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim: ..., the scribe, is your servant.
LawAmar-Suena 2063add
(i 1) Amar-Suena, whose name was proclaimed by Enlil in Nibru, the steadfast supporter of Enlil's temple, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters, presented this (seal) to Šu-Kabta, his son-in-law.
Law
Amar-Suena 21
Dedicatory inscription naming Taddin-Eštar as a royal child of Amar-Suena, adding a personal name to the otherwise sparse prosopography of the Ur III royal family.
LawBur-Sin 1
(1) Bur-Suen, the shepherd who makes Nibru utterly content, the powerful farmer of Urim, the restorer of Eridug’s divine design, the en priest suitable for the divine powers of Unug, king of Isin, king of Sumer and Akkad, the spouse who befits Inana's holy lap.
LawBur-Sin 2002 / CDLI Seals 012217 (CDLI Seals 012217 (composite))
(1) Bur-Suen, the powerful king, king of Sumer and Akkad: Abbaĝu, the scribe, child of Lu-Utu, is your servant.
LawBur-Sin 2003 / CDLI Seals 001562 (CDLI Seals 001562 (physical))
(1) Warad-Šamaš, child of Ziyatum, is the servant of Bur-Suen.
LawBur-Sin 2004 / CDLI Seals 012051 (CDLI Seals 012051 (composite))
(1) ..., child of Damu-rabi, is the servant of Bur-Suen.
LawBur-Sin 2005 / CDLI Seals 005549 (CDLI Seals 005549 (physical))
(1) Bur-Suen, the powerful king, king of Sumer and Akkad: Lu-Enlila, the scribe, child of Lugal-ezen, is your servant.
LawAbi-sare 2005 / CDLI Seals 012800 (CDLI Seals 012800 (composite))
(1) ..., the scribe, child of Lu-Ninšubur, the temple administrator of Ningal, is the slave of Abi-sare.
Law
Code of Hammurabi (stele)
Not the first law code, but the most complete and the most famous. Inscribed on a black diorite stele over two meters tall, displayed in a public place — law made visible, law made monumental.
Law
Amarna Letter EA 153 — Abi-milku of Tyre
Part of the earliest known body of international diplomatic correspondence. Akkadian, written in cuneiform on clay, was the lingua franca of Late Bronze Age statecraft — used between Egypt, the Hittites, Mitanni, Babylon, Assyria, and the Levantine vassals.
Daily LifeLawArik-din-ili 1
(1) Arik-dīn-ili, strong king, king of Assyria, the one who built the temple of the god Šamaš — the exalted shrine — for posterity, son of Enlil-nārārī, king of Assyria, son of Aššur-uballiṭ (I), (who was) also king of Assyria. (14) When I planned to build that temple so that the harvest of my land might prosper, at the sanctuary of the god Šamaš, the high place where the decisions of the land had been previously made, but now it was becoming a mound of dirt and around it the “shrines” of the people, which they had taken and settled in, I destroyed (that sanctuary). I laid its foundation(s)…
LawReligion & MythArik-din-ili 3
(1) [Arik-dīn-ili, vice-regent of the god Aššur], son of [En]lil-[nārārī, vice-regent of] the god Aššur, [son of] Aššur-[uballiṭ (I)], (who was) also vice-regent of the god Aššur. (7) [For his life and the well]-being of his city: [...] ... [... from] its [foundations to] its [crenellations]. (12b) When [... becomes dilapidated and] old
LawReligion & MythArik-din-ili 4
(1) [Ar]ik-dīn-[ili, vice-regent of the god Aššur], son of Enlil-nārārī, vice-regent [of the god Aššur], son of Aššur-uballiṭ (I), [(who was) also vice-regent of the god Aššur]. (4) [...] ... [... b]uilt fr]om [its] foundation[s to its crenellations]. (6b) [...] my [...]
LawReligion & MythArik-din-ili 5
(1) [Ar]ik-dīn-i[li, vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of E]nlil-nārārī, [vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Ašš]ur-uball[iṭ (I), (who was) also vice-regent of the god Aššur]. (4) [...], it had become dila[pidated and ...]
LawReligion & MythArik-din-ili 6
(1) [Ar]ik-dīn-[ili, vice-regent of the god A]ššur, [son of Enlil-nārārī, vice-regent of] the god Aššur, [son of Aššur-uballiṭ (I), (who was) also vice-regent of the god Aššur].
LawReligion & MythArik-din-ili 7
(1) Palace of Arik-dīn-ili, king of Assyria, son of Enlil-nārārī, king of Assyria, son of Aššur-uballiṭ (I), king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythArik-din-ili 8
(1') [...] ... he brought [...], 100 of their sheep, 100 of their oxen [...] to (his) city, Aššur. (4'b) At that time, [...] ... 7,000 storage-containers, in their mouths/by their command, in front of [...] ... a large battering-ram, he made. Arik-dīn-ili [...] … he gave his gift to the goddess Ištar [... for] his life [...]. (9') [...] powerful, Arik-dīn-ili carried off the harvest of Esini [...]. He killed Esini, 33 chariots of ... [...] with the .... Arik-dīn-ili led in [...] ... of his chariots. The chariots [... the city Ar]nuna of the land Nigimḫi, the fortress of the land ... [...] he…
LawReligion & MythAššur-rabi I 1
(1) Aššur-rabi (I), vice-regent of the god Aš[šur, son of] Enlil-nāṣir (I), [(who was) also] vice-regent of the god [Aššur]. (3) [For] his life and the well-being of [his] city: [(As for) the temple of the god Enl]il, which former rulers [...] had built [and] deposited [their clay cones in] (its) foundation(s), [it had become dilapidated and I built (it) from its foundation(s) [to its crest. I deposited my clay cone (therein)].
LawReligion & MythAššur-reša-iši II 1
(1) Monument of [Aššur-r]ēša-iši (II), king of Assyria, [son of Aš]šur-[r]abi (II), king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAššur-reša-iši II 2001
(1) I, Bēl-ēriš, vice-regent of [...], lover of the god Sa[mnuḫa ...], at the time of Aššur-rabi (II), [king of Assyria, son of Ashurnasirpal (I) (I)], [N]+3 years [... (5) Aš]šur for delineation [...], at that time, the god Sa[mnuḫa ...] the bank(s) of the Ḫābūr River, from [... to ...] he took possession. [...] the bank(s) of the Ḫābūr River, the vice-[regent ...]. (10) At that time, the god Samnu[ḫa ...] with his exalted strength, 3,000 [...]. The abandoned canal, which [goes] from the land [... to ...] (and) in which [water] no longer flowed, [...] I constructed a facing for (the quay…
LawReligion & Myth
Adad-narari I 01
Lists the cities and peoples — Kassites, Gutians, Lullumê, Šubareans — subjugated by Adad-nārārī I, documenting Assyria's territorial expansion toward the Euphrates and into Mitanni's former heartland around 1300 BCE.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 03
(1) Adad-nārārī (I), king of the world, strong king, king of Assyria, son of Arik-dīn-ili, king of Assyria, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also king of Assyria. (4) When Šattuara, king of the land Ḫanigalbat, rebelled against me and committed hostilities, I seized him by the command of (the god) Aššur, my lord, the one who comes to my aid, and the great gods who decide in my favor, and I brought him to my city, Aššur. I made him take an oath and allowed him to return to his land. Annually, as long as (he) lived, I regularly received his audience gift within my city, Aššur. (15) After his…
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 04
(37) At that time, the ... of the city Taidu had become dilapidated and I removed its dilapidated section(s). I restored it. I built (it) from its foundations to its crenellations. Moreover, I deposited my commemorative inscriptions (therein). (42b) In the future, may a future ruler, when that building becomes old and dilapidated, renovate its dilapidated section(s) (and) return my inscribed name to its place. [(The god) Aššur] will (then) listen to his prayers. (46) (As for) the one [who alters] my inscription and [my] name, may Aššur, my lord, [overthrow] his kingship. May the [goddess]…
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 05
(12) At that time, (as for) the wells [in] uncultivated [fields], which [...] before three wells [...] I added [...]. Beside [..., I built (it) from its [foundations to its crenellations. Moreover, I deposited my] commemorative inscriptions (therein).
LawReligion & Myth
Adad-narari I 06
A building inscription of Adad-nārārī I dedicating a standard to Ištar and invoking Aššur's favour for any future ruler who restores the monument — an early attestation of the Assyrian royal restoration formula that would persist for centuries.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 08
(24) (As for) the facing (of the quay wall), which faces the (Tigris) River from the entrance of the upper city, at the Ea-šarru Gate, to the entrance of the lower city, at the Tigris Gate, which through the (action of the river’s) water had become dilapidated and whose limestone and baked brick flood(s) had eroded away, I repaired that facing using bitumen and baked brick. I made (it) the thickness of four and one half bricks. I faced the back of it using limestone and mortar from the city Ubasê. Moreover, I deposited my monumental inscription (therein). (32) In the future, may a future…
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 09
(1) Adad-nārārī (I), king of the world, strong king, king of Assyria, son of Arik-dīn-ili, king of Assyria, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also king of Assyria. (5) (As for) the facing (of the quay wall), which faces the (Tigris) River, which through the (action of the river’s) water had become dilapidated and flood(s) had eroded away its limestone and baked brick, I repaired that facing using bitumen and baked brick.I made (it) the thickness of four and one half bricks. I faced the back of it using limestone and bitumen mortar. [I deposited my commemorative inscriptions (therein]. (15b) May…
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 10
(35) At that time, (as for) the wall of the New City, which faces the (Tigris) River, which is opposite the tisaru-district, which Puzur-Aššur (III), my ancestor, a king who came before me, had previously built, it was two and one half bricks thick and thirty layers of brick high, had become dilapidated, was in ruin, and eroded by flood(s). I cleared its site (and) reached its foundation pit. I made (it) the thickness of ten bricks using my large brick mold. I laid its foundations on solid bedrock. I built (it) from its foundations to its crenellations. (44b) (As for) the sewers that drain…
LawReligion & Myth
Adad-narari I 1001
Attests Adad-nārārī I's campaign into the Lullumê highlands, placing Assyrian military reach into the Zagros within the generation that transformed Assyria from a vassal into an imperial power.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 11
(1') [At that time], (as for) the facing (of the quay wall), [which (stretches) from] the palace complex [to] the processional avenues, [which] Aššur-uballiṭ (I), my ancestor, had previously built, a ... wadi had broken through and beyond it in the middle, at the top of the orchards of the Inner City. In order to quiet down the rage of the mighty waters, I faced (the area of) the ... wadi using baked brick and bitumen. I installed three drains to carry off the water. I altered (the course of) the water and kept (it) away with baked brick and bitumen ... On the opposite bank ... I widened ...…
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 12
(r 1') Moreover, [I deposited] my commemorative inscriptions (therein). (r 2') [May] a future ruler, when he renovates that facing (when) it becomes dilapidated or (when he repairs it when) it is eroded by flood(s), renovate its dilapidated section(s) (and) [return my] inscribed [name] and my commemorative inscriptions [to their places]. (l.e. 1') (No translation possible.)
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 13
(29) At that time, (as for) the great wall of the New City, which (was built on) a mound facing the [open country], which (stretches) from the great wall of the Inner City by the entirety of [the New City], as far as the (Tigris) River, (and) which Puzur-Aššur (III), my ancestor, a king who came before me, had previously built, Aššur-bēl-nišēšu, (who was) also my ancestor, applied a façade to that wall, (but) it again became dilapidated, and Erība-Adad (I), the vice-regent of the god Aššur, (who was) also my ancestor, a king who came before me, applied a facing and façade in different places,…
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 14
(1) Adad-nārārī (I), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Arik-dīn-ili, appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also appointee of the god Enlil (and) vice-regent of (the god) Aššur. (4) At that time, (as for) the wall of the Inner City, which my ancestors, the kings who came before me, had previously built (and) which is opposite the large new ziggurat of the god Aššur, my lord, which Arik-dīn-ili, my father, had built, that wall had become dilapidated and I removed its dilapidated section(s) (and) reached its…
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 15
(1) Adad-nārārī (I), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Arik-dīn-ili, appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also appointee of the god Enlil (and) vice-regent of (the god) Aššur. (5b) At that time, (as for) the temple of the Assyrian Ištar, my lady, which Ilu-šūma, the vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, my ancestor, the son of Šalim-aḫum — (who was) also vice-regent of (the god) Aššur — had previously built and completed, that temple became dilapidated and Sargon (I), the vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, the son…
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 16
(33) At that time, (as for) the palace of my city, Aššur, which Aššur-nādin-ahhē (II), the choicest among my ancestors, a king who came before me, had previously built, the wall at the top of the door of the chapel that is opposite the terrace (and) that is inside that palace, inside of which the dais of the god Aššur, my lord, was built and annually the god Aššur, my lord, proceeds to that dais to take up residence, that wall had become dilapidated and I clear away its dilapidated section(s). I (then) renovated (and) restored it. Moreover, I deposited my commemorative inscription (therein).…
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 17
(1) Adad-nārārī (I), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Arik-dīn-ili, appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also appointee of the god Enlil (and) vice-regent of the god Aššur. (4) At that time, the storehouses of the Gate of the Gods Anu and Adad, my lords, and their [doors], which had been built previously, had become dilapidated. I built th(os)e storehouses from their foundations to their crenellations. I made new magnificent double doors of fir, fastened (them) with bronze bands, (and) installed (them) for…
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 20
(r 1') [...] ... [...] I built [...] with baked brick and bitumen. I strengthened [... from] its foundations [to its crenellations]. I deposited [my commemorative inscriptions and foundation inscriptions (therein)]. (r 7') [May a future ruler], when that wall [becomes dilapidated and] eroded [by flood(s), renovate its dilapidated section(s) (and) return my commemorative inscriptions and] inscribed name to [their places. The god Aššur] will (then) listen to [his prayers].
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 21
(5'b) At that time, the wall [...], which previously [...] before Enlil-nār[ārī ...] ... [... with the] mighty [weapons] of (the god) Aššur, [my] lord, [... I mustered] my troops with [... and fought against Nazi-Maruttaš, the king] of Karduniaš (Babylonia), in [the city Kār-Ištar] ... [...] that camp [...] mighty, I/he brought [...]. (15'b) [At that time, the ziggu]rat of (the god) Aššur, my lord, [...] the location of which [... had destroyed ...]
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 22
(55) When I saw the deserted (and) uncultivated areas of ... the city Ta[idu ...] ..., I delineated its area (and) founded a pala[ce insi]de it. I built (it) from its foundations to its crenellations. Moreover, I deposited my commemorative inscriptions (therein). (61) In the future, may a future ruler renovate its dilapidated section(s) (and) return my inscribed name to its place. (The god) A[ššur] will (then) listen to his [p]rayers.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 23
(1') [In the future, may a future ruler, when he renovates] that wall [(when) it becomes dilapidated, return my commemorative inscriptions and inscribed name] to their places. [The gods Aššur ...] will (then) listen to [his prayers]. (3'b) [(As for) the one who erases my inscribed name and writes his (own) name or] discards my [commemorative inscriptions, may the gods Aššur ... destroy] him, his army, [and his seed ...].
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 24
(1') [...] time [...] its [he]ight, from [...] I piled up [ear]th. [...] the summit of the zi[ggurat ...] I deposited [m]y [commemorative inscriptions (therein)]. (4'b) [In the future, may a future ruler, when that ... becomes dilapidated, ... restore my commemorative inscriptions and] my inscribed name to their places. [...]
LawReligion & Myth
Adad-narari I 25
Labels booty taken from Naḫur, placing the city within Adad-nārārī I's documented conquests and anchoring his western campaigns in the archaeological record of early Middle Assyrian expansion.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 26
(1) Palace of Adad-nārārī (I), king of the world, son of Arik-dīn-ili, king of Assyria, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also king of Assyria: booty from the city Taidu (var. Ir[ridu]).
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 27
(1) Belon[ging to the temple of the god Aššur]. Belonging to the tākultu (that took place) at the beginning of the reign of Adad-nārārī (I), the overseer.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 28
(1) Belonging to the temple of the god Aššur. Adad-nārārī (I), king of Assyria, made (it) during his third (var. fourth) tākultu.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 30
(1) Palace of Adad-nārārī (I), king of the world, son of Arik dīn-ili, king of Assyria, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also king of Assyria: (brick) belonging to the courtyard of the goddess Bēlet-ekallim.
LawReligion & Myth
Adad-narari I 31
Stamps Adad-nārārī I's ownership of a labūnu-house forecourt: one of the earliest Assyrian royal building inscriptions asserting the "king of the world" titulary that would define imperial rhetoric for centuries.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 33
(1) Palace of Adad-nārārī (I), king of the world, son of Arik-dīn-ili, king of Assyria, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also king of Assyria: (brick) belonging to the house of the red šudutinnu.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 36
(1) Palace of Adad-nārārī (I), king of the world, son of Arik-dīn-ili, king of Assyria, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also king of Assyria: [...] of the Abaru (Forecourt).
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 37
(1) Palace of Adad-nārārī (I), king of the world, son of Arik-dīn-ili, king of Assyria: (brick) belonging to the temple of Bēlet-šamê.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 41
(1) Palace of Adad-nārārī (I), king of the world, son of Arik-dīn-ili, king of Assyria, son of Enlil-nārārī, (who was) also king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 42
(1) Adad-nārārī (I), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, refaced the drainage openings of the wall of the temple of the god Aššur, his lord, which (is) before the gardens of the upper ...
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 43
(1) Palace of Adad-nārārī (I), overseer, son of Arik-dīn-ili, overseer: (brick) belonging to the city Ša-ama...
LawReligion & Myth
Adad-narari I 44
A palace inscription of Adad-nārārī I asserting the title 'king of the world' — early epigraphic evidence of Assyrian kings adopting the universal-sovereignty rhetoric previously claimed by Babylonian and Akkadian rulers.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 45
(1) Palace of Adad-nārārī (I), overseer, son of Arik-dīn-ili, (who was) also overseer.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 46
(1) Palace of Adad-nārārī (I), king of the world.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 47
(1) Adad-nārārī (I), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur.
LawReligion & MythAdad-narari I 48
(1) [Belong]ing to Adad-[nār]ārī (I), the king.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal I 1
(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (I), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Šamšī-Adad (IV), (who was) also king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal I 1001
(1') [... vice-regent] of (the god) Aššur, son of Šamšī-[Adad (IV), (who was) also appointee of the god Enlil (and) vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, dedicated (this) for] his [life], the well-being of his seed, [...].
LawReligion & Myth
Aššur-bel-kala 01
Attests Aššur-bel-kala's campaign against the land Ḫimme, preserving early Assyrian royal rhetoric of total destruction — flaying, mass deportation, corpse-mounds — that would define the empire's self-presentation for centuries.
LawReligion & MythAššur-bel-kala 02
(i 1') (Too broken for translation) (i 2') [Son of Aššur]-rēša-iš[i (I), king of the world, strong king, king of Assyria], subduer of [the insubmissive ...]; (i 4') [Son of] Mutakkil-Nusku, [(who was) also king of the world, strong king, king of Assyria], his priestly progeny [...] the king of kings, the lord of lords, [...], the eternal royal seed, [...]. (i 8') In my accession year [(and) in my first regnal year, after I sat on the thro]ne of [(my) royal majesty in a grandiose manner], with the exalted strength [of (the god) Aššur, my lord, who goes before me, with the ... of the god…
LawReligion & MythAššur-bel-kala 03
(1') [...] I fought [...] I made [a col]ossal [statue of my royal majesty (and) wrote] thereon (a description of) the victories of my royal majesty. [...] I traversed [Mount Ḫirua, conquered and burned with fire] the city Uruniaš of the land Ḫimme. I made a statue of my royal majesty (and) [wrote thereon (a description of)] the victories of [my] royal maje[sty. I made (another) statue of my royal majesty (and) erected (it) in Eš]arra, the house of my succor, before (the god) Aššur, [my] lo[rd. ...] On numerous [campaigns against the Ar]ameans, the enemies of (the god) Aššur, who in the land…
LawReligion & MythAššur-bel-kala 04
(1) Aššur-bēl-kal[a, great king, king of the] world, king of Assyria, unrivalled king, [king of all four quarters (of the world)], the one provides for Ekur, select of the god Aššur, appointee of the lord of the lands (Enlil), [(the one) who] acts [with the support of the god Aššur] in laying low his enemies, [whose] deeds the gods Aššur (and) Enlil [...], the unconquerable attacker, [the one to whom was entrusted] dominion of Assyria, the one who disintegrates [all of the enemy] lands [with the fire of] the god Gīra, the controller [of the insubmissive] who breaks up [the forces of the…
LawReligion & MythAššur-bel-kala 05
(1') (Too broken for translation) (2') [In my accession year (and in my first regnal year) after I sat on the thron]e of (my) ro[yal majesty in a grandiose manner, with the exalted strength of (the god) Aššur, my lord, who goes before me, with the ...] of the god Ninu[rta, who goes at my right hand, with the martial spirit of the god Adad, who goes at] my left hand, [I mustered my] chariots [and troops. Difficult roads ... which for the] passage of my chariots and troops [were not suitable, routes which were impassable, whose barriers even the] winged birds of the sky [could not pass, the…
LawReligion & MythAššur-bel-kala 07
(i 1) [The god Aššur, the great lord], the king of all of the great gods; [the god ...], the king of destinies, the father of the gods, [...]; the god Ea [...], the king of the apsû, [...], the lofty gods, [...]: (i 12) [Aššur-bēl-kala ..., (the one) who acts] with the support of [the god Aššur, ...] people [...] Marduk-nādin-aḫḫē, the king of Akkad, [...] (ii 1) 1,000 troops of the land [...] he uprooted 4,000 hostages from them and brought (them) down into Assyria [...] to the land [...] and [...] Kislīmu (IX) [...]. (ii 11) In that (same) year, in Duʾūzu (IV), the city [...] of the land…
LawReligion & Myth
Aššur-bel-kala 08
Attests Aššur-bēl-kala's titulature and genealogy — anchoring his reign within the Tiglath-pileser I dynasty — though heavy damage leaves his specific deeds and the presiding eponym unrecoverable.
LawReligion & Myth
Aššur-bel-kala 09
Records Aššur-bel-kala crossing the Euphrates twice in one year on goatskin rafts to pursue Aramean and Sutean groups near Mount Lebanon — early evidence of Assyrian military pressure on these semi-nomadic peoples.
LawReligion & MythAššur-bel-kala 10
(1) Palace of Aššur-bēl-[kala, king of the world, strong king, king of As]syria, son of Tiglath-pileser (I), king of [the world], strong [king, king of Assyria], son of Aššur-rēša-iši (I), (who was) also king of the world, [strong king, king of] Assyria. (4) I made these sculptures in the provinces, cities, and garrisons for titillation. (6) (As for) the one who removes my inscriptions and my name, the Sebetti, the gods of Amurru, will afflict him with snake-bite.
LawReligion & MythAššur-bel-kala 2001
(1) To the god Šamaš, the king of heaven and netherworld, [his] king: Tukultī-Mēr, the king of the land Ḫana, [son] of Ilī-iqīša, the king of the land Ḫana, dedicated (this object) for the well-being of his land and the protection of his reign.
LawReligion & MythAššur-bel-kala 2002
(1) Belonging to Ibašši-ilu, the chief vizier. He made (this object) for the life of his eldest daughter, whom he loves. (Property) of the gods Aššur, Enlil, (and) Mullissu, the gods of Baltil (Aššur). No one must covet (it), take (it) away, (or) swear (falsely) by god and king and take possession of (it).
LawReligion & MythAššur-bel-nišešu 1
(1) Aššur-bēl-nišē[šu], vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Aššur-nārārī (II), (who was) also vice-regent of the god Aššur. (4) For his life and the [well-being] of his city: (As for) the great wall of the New City, which Puzur-Aššur (III), (a) ruler (who came before me), my ancestor, had built, I built a new wall next to that wall. From the great wall of the Inner City as far as the (Tigris) River, I applied a facing to it in [its] entirety. I built it from its foundations to its crest. Moreover, I deposited my clay cone (therein). (11) (When) a future ruler builds that wall when it becomes dilapidated, the gods Aššur and Adad will (then) listen to his prayers. Moreover, may he return my clay cone to its place.
LawReligion & MythAššur-bel-nišešu 1001
(1') I sought [and the ... {of}] the city with/in [...] I built (it) from its foundations t[o its crest. Moreover, I [deposited my clay] cone (therein). (5') (When) a future ruler builds [that …] w[hen] it becomes dilapidated, the gods [Aššu]r (and) Adad [will (then) listen to] hi[s] prayers. [Moreover], may he return my [cl]ay cone to [its] place.
LawReligion & MythAššur-dan I 1
(1) [Palace of Aššur-d]ān (I), [king of] Assyria, [son of Ninurta-ap]il-Ekur, (who was) also [king of] Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAššur-dan I 2001
(1) For the goddess Ištar, the great lady, the one who dwells in Egašankalamma, the lady of Arbela, [his] lady: (4) For the life of Aššur-dān (I), the king of [Assyria], his [lord], Šamšī-bēl, the temple scribe, the son of Nergal-nādin-aḫi, (who was) also the (temple) scribe, dedicated and devoted (this) copper statue weighing ... minas. (10b) The name of that statue is “O Ištar, My Ear (Is Directed) to You!”
LawReligion & MythAššur-dan II 1
(1) [Aššur-dān (II)], strong [king], king of the world, king of Assyria, designate of (the god) Aššur, [whose] name (the god) Aššur called [... from] of old, into [whose] grasp [(the god) Aššur] placed [a just scepter and] an exalted crown, [whom (the god) Aššur ...] grandly established [for kingship over] Assyria; (5) [son of Tiglath-pileser (II), king of the world, king of As]syria, son of Aššur-rēša-iši (II), (who was) also king of the universe (and) king of Assyria. (6) [In my accession year (and) in] my [fir]st regnal year, when [I sat on] the throne of my royal majesty [in a grandiose…
LawReligion & MythAššur-dan II 2
(1') [had sold] all [their sons and daughters]. By the command [of (the god) Aššur, my lord, I took prisoners]. I inflicted [upon them a] major [defeat] (and then) I carried off [their] booty, [possessions, property, herds, (and) flocks] and [brought them to my city, Aššur. ...]. (6') The land Uluzu...[..., which previously had paid tribute] to my ancestor(s), [... they captured …] for themselves; [(...) by the command/with the support] of (the god) Aššur, my lord, [I mustered] (my) chariots [(and) troops. ... I inflicted] upon them a major defeat. I destroyed, devastated, (and) [burned with…
LawReligion & MythAššur-dan II 3
(1) Aššur-dān (II), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tiglath-pileser (II), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Aššur-rēša-iši (II), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Aššur-rabi (II), (who was) also strong king, king of the world, (and) king of Assyria. (5) When this Craftsman’s Gate — which, in the past, Tiglath-pileser (I), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Aššur-rēša-iši (I), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Mutakkil-Nusku, (who was) also vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, a ruler who had come before me, had built —…
LawReligion & MythAššur-dan II 5
(1) Palace of Aššur-dān (II), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tiglath-pileser (II), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Aššur-rēša-iši (II), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Aššur-rabi (II), (who was) also strong king, king of the world, (and) king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAššur-dan II 6
(1) Palace of Aššur-dān (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tiglath-pileser (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria.
LawReligion & Myth
Aššur-nadin-ahhe II 1
Attests the title 'vice-regent of the god Aššur' under a mid-14th-century king, anchoring the ideological formula of divine stewardship that would define Assyrian royal self-presentation for centuries.
LawReligion & MythAššur-nadin-ahhe II 2
(1) [(Palace of) Aššur-nādin-aḫ]ḫē (II), [(...) vice-regent of the god A]ššur, [(...), ...]
LawReligion & MythAššur-nadin-apli 1
(1) Aššur-nādin-apli, appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of the god Aššur, strong king, king of all of the people, ruler, king of kings; the faithful shepherd to whom the just scepter was given by the command of the gods Aššur, Enlil, and Šamaš and whose important name was called for the return of the land; the king under the protective hand of the god Anu and select of the god Enlil, chosen of the gods Aššur and Šamaš, am I; son of Tukultī-Ninurta (I), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of the god Aššur; (and) son of Shalmaneser (I), (who was) also appointee of the god Enlil (and)…
LawReligion & MythAššur-narari I 01
(1) Aššur-nārārī (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Išme-Dagān (II), vice-regent of the god Aššur, builder of the temple of the god Bēl-ibrīya.
LawReligion & MythAššur-narari I 02
(1) Aššur-nārārī (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Išme-Dagān (II), (who was) also vice-regent of the god Aššur, the one who renovated of the Abaru Forecourt.
LawReligion & MythAššur-narari I 03
(1) [A]ššur-nārārī (I), [vice]-regent of the god Aššur, [son of] Išme-Dagān (II), builder of the temple of the gods Sîn [and] Šamaš.
LawReligion & MythAššur-narari I 04
(1) [Aššur-nā]rā[rī (I), vice-regent of] the god A[ššur, son of Išme]-Da[gān (II), (who was) also vice]-regent of the god A[ššur, (5) built] the upper and lower wall of the Step Gate [for] his [life] and the well-being of [his city. (I deposited my clay cone (therein))]. (8b) [May] a f[uture rul]er [...]
LawReligion & MythAššur-narari I 05
(1) [Aššur-nārārī (I)], vice-[regent of the god Aššur], son of Iš[me-Dagān (II), (who was) also] vice-regent [of the god Aššur, (5) built] the wall of [...] for [his] life [and the well-being of his city].
LawReligion & MythAššur-narari I 06
(1) [Aššur]-nārārī (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, [son of Išme]-Dagān (II), [vice-regent of] the god Aššur, (5) built a wall [for his life] and the well-being of [his city]. I deposited [my clay cone (therein)].
LawReligion & MythAššur-narari I 07
(1) [Aššur-nārā]rī (I), [vice-regent of] the god Aššur, [son of Išme]-Dagān (II), (who was) also [vice regent of the god] Aššur, (5) [...] ...
LawReligion & MythAššur-narari I 08
(1) [Aššur-nārā]rī (I), [vice-regent of the god Ašš]ur, [son of Išme-D]agān (II), (who was) also [vice-regent of the god] Aššur,
LawReligion & MythAššur-narari I 09
(1) Palace of Aššur-nā[rārī (I), vice-regent of] the god A[ššur, son of Išme-Dagān (II)],
LawReligion & MythAššur-rem-nišešu 1
(1) Aššur-rêm-nišēšu, vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Aššur-nārārī (II), vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Aššur-rabi (I), vice-regent. (5) (As for) the wall that Kikkia, Ikūnum, Sargon (I), Puzur-Aššur (II), (and) Aššur-nārārī (I), son of Išme-Dagan (II), my ancestors, had built, it had become dilapidated and I built (it) from its foundations to its crest, for my life and the well-being of my city. Moreover, I returned its clay cones to their places. (12) When a future ruler builds that wall when it becomes dilapidated, the gods Aššur (and) Adad will (then) listen to his prayers. May he return its clay cones to their places.
LawReligion & Myth
Aššur-reša-iši I 01
Asserts divine election from the womb by Anu, Enlil, and Ea: an early Assyrian articulation of the theological framework that would anchor royal legitimacy for the next six centuries.
LawReligion & Myth
Aššur-reša-iši I 03
Preserves a fragmentary Middle Assyrian royal building inscription invoking Mutakkil-Nusku and Aššur-dān I, offering rare epigraphic testimony to the dynastic sequence and temple-restoration ideology of the 13th-century Assyrian court.
LawReligion & MythAššur-reša-iši I 04
(1) [Aššur]-rēša-iši (I), appointee [of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, (the one) whose dominion the gods Anu, Enlil, and Ea] — the great gods — [designated] for [the proper administration of Assyria (and whose priesthood they blessed), strong king], king of the world, king of Assyria; son of Mut[akkil-Nusku, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Aššur-dān (I), (who was) also vice-regent of (the god) Aššur]. (4) [At that time], (as for) the šaḫūru-house of the hinter house [... which …, a king who came before] me had built, in an earthquake, during the time [of Aššur-dān (I),…
LawReligion & Myth
Aššur-reša-iši I 05
Palace label of Aššur-rēša-iši I, attesting his full titulary — 'designate of Anu, king of the world' — and his three-generation Assyrian royal lineage at a formative moment of Middle Assyrian state-building.
LawReligion & Myth
Aššur-reša-iši I 06
Attests Aššur-rēša-iši I's royal titulary — 'designate of Anu, king of the world' — fixing the ideological vocabulary through which Middle Assyrian kings claimed cosmic authority a generation before Tiglath-pileser I's conquests.
LawReligion & MythAššur-reša-iši I 07
(1) Aššur-rēša-iši (I), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Mutakkil-Nusku, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Aššur-dān (I), (who was) also vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, builder of the temple of the gods Adad and Anu.
LawReligion & MythAššur-reša-iši I 08
(1) Aššur-rēša-iši (I), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, builder of the temple of the gods Adad and Anu..
LawReligion & MythAššur-reša-iši I 09
(1) Aššur-rēša-iši (I), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Mutakkil-Nusku, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Aššur-dān (I), (who was) also vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, builder of the temple of the Assyrian Ištar.
LawReligion & MythAššur-reša-iši I 10
(1) Palace of Aššur-rēša-i[ši (I)], strong king, king of the world, king of [Assyria]. (3) Belonging to the palace of the city …
LawReligion & MythAššur-reša-iši I 1004
(1') [...] previously [built, ...], Aššur-rēša-iši (I) [built (it) i]n its entirety. [...] beams of cedar beam [...]. (7'b) May a future [rule]r re[store] its dilapidated section(s) [...]. The gods Anu (and) Adad [will (then) listen to his] pra[yers].
LawReligion & MythAššur-reša-iši I 11
(1') [(As for) the temple of the god Aššur, which Ušpia ... had previously built and] (when) it became dilapidated [Erišum (I) ... built (it and when) 159 years had passed and] it had (again) become dilapidated, Šamšī-[Adad (I) ... built (it and) 580 years (passed), then Shalmaneser (I)] built (it), (and) 132 [years (passed), then Aššur]-rēša-iši (I), vice-regent of [(the god) Aššur, built (it) ...]. (6'b) [May] a futur[e rule]r [...]
LawReligion & MythAššur-reša-iši I 12
(1) [Aššur-rēša-iši (I), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Mutakk]il-Nusku, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of [Aššur-dān (I), (who was) also vice-regent of (the god) Aššur]. (2) (As for) the shrine of (the god) Aššur my lord, which [...] had previously built, had become dilapidated, [...]
LawReligion & MythAššur-reša-iši I 13
(1) [Aššur-rēša-iši (I)], strong [king], king of the world, king of [Assyria, son of Mutakkil-Nusku, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of] Aššur-dān (I), [(who was) also] king of the world (and) king of [Assyria]. (3) He bu[ilt ...] ... [...].
LawReligion & MythAššur-reša-iši I 14
(1) [Aššur-rēša]-iši (I), strong king, king of [the world, king of Assyria, son of Mutakkil-Nusku, strong king, king of] the world, king of Assyria, son of Aššur-dān (I), [(who was) also strong king, king of the world (and) king of Assyria, (builder) of the] courtyard of the palace ... [...].
LawReligion & MythAššur-reša-iši I 2001
(1) Monument of Aššur-šumu-aṣbat, the governor of the city Aššur, the chief ... of Aššur-rēša-iši (I) — the king of Assyria — the son of Rēš-Aššur, (who was) also the governor of the city Aššur.
LawReligion & MythAššur-uballiṭ I 1
(1) Aššur-uballiṭ (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Erība-Adad (I); Erība-Adad (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, (was) the son of Aššur-bēl-nišēšu; Aššur-bēl-nišēšu, vice-regent of the god Aššur, (was) the son of Aššur-nārārī (II); Aššur-nārārī (II), vice-regent of the god Aššur, (was) the son of Aššur-rabi (I); Aššur-rabi (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, (was) the son of Enlil-nāṣir (I); (and) Enlil-nāṣir (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, (was) the son of Puzur-Aššur (III), vice-regent of the god Aššur. (13) Aššur-uballiṭ (I), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of Aššur,…
LawReligion & Myth
Aššur-uballiṭ I 1001
Attests Aššur-uballiṭ I invoking Šamšī-Adad I as a renovating predecessor — one of the earliest Assyrian royal inscriptions to anchor legitimacy in a named earlier king's building piety.
LawReligion & MythAššur-uballiṭ I 1002
(1') [...] Aššur-uballiṭ (I), appointee [of the god Enlil, vice-regent of the god Aššur — the ...] of the wall of ... [...] of the New Palace [...], which previously Aššur-nādin-aḫḫē (II) had built, [had become dilapidated and I renovated (it) from its foundations to its cren]ellations. [...]
LawReligion & MythAššur-uballiṭ I 2
(1) [Aššur-uballiṭ (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Erība-Adad (I); Erība-Adad (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur], (was) the son of [Aššur-bēl-nišēšu; Aššur-bēl-nišēšu, vice-regent of] the god Aššur, (was) the son of [Aššur-nārārī (II)]; Ašš[ur-nārārī (II), vice-regent] of the god Aššur, (was) the son of Aššur-[rabi (I)]; Aššur-[rabi (I), vice]-regent of the god Aššur, (was) the son of En[lil-nāṣir (I)]; (and) En[lil-nāṣir (I)], vice-regent of the god Aššur, (was) the son of Puzur-[Aššur (III)], (who was) also vice-regent of the god Aššur. (13) Aššu[r-uballiṭ (I), appointee of the…
LawReligion & MythAššur-uballiṭ I 3
(1) Aššur-uballiṭ (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Erība-Adad (I), (who was) also vice-regent of the god Aššur. (5) When the god Aššur, my lord, allowed me to construct the Patti-ṭuḫdi (“Canal of Abundance”), the bearer of abundant fertility, I filled in with earth the well that is called Uballiṭ-nišēšu (“It Has Given Life to His People”), (the source) of the pond (that is) behind the terrace, (which was) ten cubits down to water(-level), which previously Aššur-nādin-aḫḫē (II), the vice-regent of the god Aššur, had dug (and which) was reinforced with limestone, bitumen, (and) baked…
LawReligion & MythAššur-uballiṭ I 5
(1) [Aššur-uballiṭ (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Erība-Adad (I); Erība-Adad (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, (was) the son of Aššur-bēl-nišēšu; Aššur-bēl-nišēšu, vice-regent of the god Aššur, (was) the son of Aššur-nārārī (II); Aššur-nārārī (II), vice-regent of the god Aššur, (was) the son of Aššur-rabi (I); Aššur-rabi (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, (was) the son of Enlil-nāṣir (I); (and) Enlil-nāṣir (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, (was) the son of Puzur-Aššur (III)], (who was) also [vice-regent of the god] Aššur. (13) [Aššur-uballiṭ (I)], appointee of the god E[nlil, vice-regent of the god Aššur, for his life and] the well-being of [his] city: [...] ... [...] the courtyard of the chapel [...] ... [...] wall [...]
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari II 1
(1) Adad-nārārī (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of all the four quarters (of the world), the one selected by (the god) Aššur, attentive ruler, the one who acts with the support of the gods Aššur and Ninurta, the great gods, his lords, and (thereby) has struck down his foes; (5) son of Aššur-dān (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tiglath-pileser (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Aššur-rēša-iši (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria. (8) In my accession year (and) in my first regnal year, when I sat on…
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari II 1002
(1) [Image of Adad-nārārī (II)], strong [king], king of the world, [king of] Assyria, son of Aššur-d[ān (II), king of the world, king of] Assyria, son of Ti[glath-piles]er (II), (who was) also [king of the universe (and) king of] Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari II 3
(r 1') (No translation possible.) (r 11'b) [... and deposited] my [commemorative inscrip]tions. (r 12'b) [May a future ruler restore it (and) return my inscribed name t]o its place. [(The god) Aššur, the great lord, will (then) listen to his prayers]. (r 13'b) [(As for) the one who removes] my [insc]riptions [and my name, may (the god) Aššur overthrow his kingship (and)] make [his name (and) his seed] disappear [from the land]. (r 15') (Date missing)
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari II 4
(1') [I am enormously radiant, I am a hero], I am a warrior, [I am a virile] lion, [I am foremost, I am exalted, (and) I am raging]. (2') Adad-nārārī (II), strong king, king of [Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), the one who defeats his enemies, am I]. The king capable in battle, overwhelmer [of cities, (and) the one who scorches the mountains of (foreign) lands, am I]. The virile warrior, [the one who controls those opposed to him, (and the one) who is inflamed against the evil] and the wicked, am I. I scorch] like the god Gīra, [I overwhelm like the deluge, ...], (and) I…
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari II 6
(1) [(Palace of) Adad-nār]ārī (II), strong king, king of the wor[ld, king of Assyria, son of Aššur-d]ān (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, [son of Tiglath]-pileser (II), (who was) also king of the wor[ld (and) king of Assyria: ...] ... [...]
LawReligion & Myth
Adad-nerari II 8
Standard titulary of Adad-nārārī II anchoring his legitimacy through two generations of royal descent, attesting the formulaic language by which Assyrian kings asserted dynastic continuity around 900 BCE.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 001
(i 1) To the god Ninurta, the strong, the almighty, the exalted, foremost among the gods, the splendid (and) perfect warrior whose attack in battle is unequalled, the eldest son who commands battle (skills), offspring of the god Nudimmud, warrior of the Igīgū gods, the capable, ruler of the gods, offspring of Ekur, the one who holds the bond of heaven (and) netherworld, the one who opens springs, the one who walks the wide netherworld, the god without whom no decisions are taken in heaven and netherworld, the swift, the ferocious, the one whose command is unalterable, foremost in the (four)…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 002
Preserves Ashurnasirpal II's titulary in full — the layered chain of divine election, genealogy, and universal kingship that legitimised Neo-Assyrian imperial ideology in the 9th century BCE.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 003
(1) To the god Ninurta, the strong, the almighty, the exalted, foremost among the gods, the splendid (and) perfect warrior whose attack in battle is unequalled, the eldest son who commands battle (skills), offspring of the god Nudimmud, warrior of the Igīgū gods, the capable, ruler of the gods, offspring of Ekur, the one who holds the bond of heaven (and) netherworld, the one who opens springs, the one who walks the wide netherworld, the god without whom no decisions are taken in heaven and netherworld, the swift, the ferocious, the one whose command is unalterable, foremost in the (four)…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 004
(1') son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria. (2'b) For my life, so that my days might be long, my years be many, (for) the well-being of my seed (and) my land, (for) the safekeeping of my vice-regal [throne], (for) abundance in my city, (for) the increase of my people, (for) the thriving of my people in Assyria, [for the scorching of] my enemies, for the destruction of my [dangerous foes], to [subdue] under me rulers who oppose me;
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 009
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), gre[at] king, strong [kin]g, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), [(who was) also] great king, strong king, king of the world (and) king of [Assyria].
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 017
(i 1) (The god) Aššur, the great lord, king of all the great gods; the god Anu, foremost in strength, the one who decrees destinies; the god Ea, king of the apsû, lord of wisdom (and) understanding; the god Sîn, wise one, lord of the lunar disk, lofty luminary; the god Marduk, sage, lord god of oracles; the god Adad, strong, almighty among the gods, exalted; the god Ninurta, hero, warrior of the gods, the one who lays low the wicked; the god Nusku, bearer of the holy scepter, circumspect god; the goddess Mullissu, spouse of the god Enlil, mother of the great gods; the god Nergal, perfect one,…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 018
(1') [In my accession year (and) in my first regnal year, after] I sat on [the throne of my royal majesty] in a grandiose manner, I mus[tered (my) chariot]ry (and) [extensiv]e troops. I [co]nquered inaccessible fortresses round about. I rec[eived] a tribute of horses from the land Gilzānu. ... [Because] horses were not (continually) brought in hither to me I [became angry and] marched to the cities Ḫarira (and) Ḫalḫalauš, which (were under the authority) of the guilty rulers. Those I conquered in the eponymy of Ashurnasirpal (II) (882) . I took out their property, booty, possessions, (and)…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 019
(1) The deities Aššur, Adad, Sîn and Šamaš, (and) Ištar, the great gods who go at the head of my troops. (5) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; (the one who) acts with the support of the gods Aššur (and) Šamaš, the great gods, my lords, and has no rival among the rulers of the (10) four quarters (of the world); attentive ruler, subduer of all of the rulers, fearless in battle, ferocious dragon, the one who breaks up the forces of the rebellious, strong gišginû, who treads upon the necks of the rulers who are insubmissive to him, mighty flood-tide…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 020
(1) [(The god) Aššur, the great lord, king of] all of the [great] gods; [the god Anu, king of the Ig]īgū and [Anunnakū gods; (lord of the lands,) the god Enlil], exalted one, father of the gods, [(creator of all); the god E]a, king of the [apsû, lord of wisdom (and) understanding; the god Sîn], wise one, king of the lunar disk, [lofty luminary; the god Adad], the exceptionally strong, [lord of abundance; the god Ša]maš, judge of heaven [and netherworld, commander of all; the god] Marduk, sage, [lord] god [of oracles; the god Ninurta], warrior of the Igīgū and [Anunnakū gods; the god] Nergal,…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 021
(1') [...] … [...] troops [...] … [... I] brought them down [... I inflicted] upon them a major defeat. [(...) I carried off ...] their [possessions (and)] their flocks. [As for] their combat troops, [I cut off] their hands [... (x)] 200 of their fighting men [... I] destroyed [...]. (6') [...] I received [the pay]ment of the kings of lands (and) mountains. Irbibu [... of the city ...ḫ]āni, which was his fortified city, [...] trusted [in his own strength] and rebelled against me. By the command of (the god) Aš[šur, my lord, I marched against him (and)] besieged him. Around his city he had dug…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 022
(1') which from the time of [...] the statue with the name of Tiglath-pil[eser (I) …] I marched [to the N]aʾiri [lands. I conquered] the city Barzaništu[(un) ... I carried off] their [property], possessions, oxen, sheep, [... (and)] turned (it) into a mound of ruins (lit. “a mound and ruins”). The heads of [their] warriors [I cut off ...] of the Naʾiri lands, horses, mules, [...] … I burned with fire. I destroyed, devastated, (and) [turned (it) into] a mound [of ruins (lit. “a mound and ruins”)]. (8') [...] the city Tillê rebelled [... t]hey stationed [a garrison at ...]. They stati[oned a…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 023
One of the standard titulary inscriptions of Ashurnasirpal II, tracing his legitimacy through three generations of Assyrian kings and anchoring royal authority in a chain of divine election by Aššur, Enlil, Ninurta, Anu, and Dagān.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 026
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world); marvelous shepherd, fearless in battle, mighty flood-tide which has no opponent, the king who subdues those insubordinate to him, who rules all of the peoples, strong male, who…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 028
(i 1) To the goddess Šarrat-nipḫi, great lady, foremost in heaven (and) netherworld, queen of all of the gods, the strong one whose weighty command is respected [in the temples], whose form is surpassing among the goddesses, shining countenance who like the god Šamaš, her sibling, thoroughly inspects the circumference of heaven (and) [netherworld], most capable of the Anunnakū gods, offspring of the god Anu, supreme among the gods, counsellor of her brothers, leader, the one who stirs up the seas (and) shakes the mountains, heroine of the Igīgū gods, lady of conflict and battle, without whom…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 029
(1') the compassionate [god to whom it is good to pray ...]; (2') [Ashurnasirpal (II)], unrivalled king [of the world, king of all the four quarters (of the world), sun(god) of all people, chosen of the gods Enlil and] Ninurta, beloved of [the gods Anu (and) Dagān, destructive weapon of the great gods, the pious], beloved of your heart, ruler, [your favorite, whose priesthood is pleasing to your great divinity (and)] whose reign you established, [valiant] man [...] shepherdship of his land ... [...] my [kingship], my dominion, (and) my power which [...] I am capable, I am wise, [...]. (9')…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 030
(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, chosen of the gods Enlil and Ninurta, beloved of the gods Anu and Dagān, destructive weapon of the great gods, strong king, king of the world, [king of] Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, (and) king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world); marvelous shepherd,…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 031
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world); marvelous shepherd, fearless in battle, mighty flood-tide which has no opponent, the king who made (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 032
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world and king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world); the king who made (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea, the land Lāqê in its entirety, (and) the land…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 033
Claims Assyrian dominion from Carchemish through the Euphrates lands of Lāqê, Sūḫu, and Rapiqu — pinning the westward reach of Ashurnasirpal II's campaigns to specific named territories in the mid-ninth century BCE.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 034
(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, and king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world), the king who subdued (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea, the land Lāqê, in its entirety,…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 035
Titles Ashurnasirpal II as 'king of the world' and 'marvelous shepherd' in a three-generation dynastic chain, showing how Neo-Assyrian royal ideology fused cosmic dominion with divine mandate in official palace inscriptions.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 038
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; the valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world), the king who subdued (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea, the land Lāqê in its entirety, (and) the land…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 039
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, (and) king of Assyria, conqueror from the opposite bank of the Tigris River as far as Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea, he made all of the lands from east to west bow down at his feet.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 040
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of all of the four quarters (of the world), sun(god) of [all of] the people, ruler, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, the valiant man who acts with the support of the gods Aššur and Šamaš and who has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world), who treads upon the mountain peaks in all of the mountains, subduer of those insubmissive to (the god) Aššur to the borders above and below, who marches about on mountain paths, (5) who has seen remote and rugged regions, magnificent king of lands,…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 041
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also appointee of the god Enlil (and) vice-regent of (the god) Aššur: (3b) conqueror from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea [of] the land Amurru in the west, (who) has conquered the land Ḫatti in its entirety; [(I am the one who) have gained dominion over] (the region stretching) from the source of the Subnat River [to the land Urume, the wide [Naʾiri] lands. [...] … [...]
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 042
(1) Palace of Ashurnasir[pal (II), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II)], strong king, king of [the world, king of Assyria], son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria: (2b) conqueror from [the opposite bank of the Tigris River] to Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea of the land Amurru [in the west], (who) has conquered the land Ḫatti [in its entirety; (I am the one who) have gained dominion over] (the region stretching) from the source of the S[ubnat Riv]er [to the land Urume (and) the wi]d[e] Naʾiri lands, in to [their…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 045
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of all the four quarters (of the world), ruler of all of the lands, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also strong king, king of the world, (and) king of Assyria: (13) (As for) the temple of the goddess [Ištar], my lady, I built (and) completed (it) from its foundation(s) to its crenellations. (20) [May] a future ruler [restore its] dilapidated section(s).
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 046
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), strong king, [..., king of As]syria, chosen of your father — the god Enlil, whose commands [are unalterable — ... He (the king) has trod] difficult paths, mighty mountain chains [...] and he has conquered all those insubmissive to him [...]. (4b - 5) [...] …, the temple of the goddess Ištar, [... its] dilapida[ted section(s) …]
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 047
Opens with the full Assyrian divine council — Aššur, Enlil, Ea, Adad, Šamaš — granting Ashurnasirpal II his kingship, illustrating how 9th-century Assyrian royal ideology fused theology with conquest legitimacy.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 048
Attests Ashurnasirpal II's invocation of the storm-god Adad as divine enforcer of a royal decree, linking Neo-Assyrian kingship ideology to divine sanction for legal or cultic obligations.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 049
(o 1) [Ashur]nasirpal (II), strong king, king [...], unrivalled king of the world, [...], the attentive ruler who [...] heaven (and) netherworld, [...] those insubmissive to him [...], exalted priest, [...] the deities Aššur (and) Adad [...] whose priesthood in [the temples they established forever ...], [(...)] shepherd [...] (r 1') [...] ... [...] may [a future ruler] restore [its dilapidated section(s) (and) restore my] inscribed name [to its place]. The gods Aššur (and) Adad, [the great] lords, [(...) will (then) listen to his prayers]. (r 7') As for the one who erases my inscription [and writes his (own) name, ... may the deities Aššur, Adad, (and)] Ištar, the great gods [...].
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 050
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world), the king who subdued (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea, the land Lāqê, in its entirety, (and) the land Sūḫu,…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 051
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; valiant man who acts with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters (of the world), marvelous shepherd, fearless in battle, mighty flood-tide which has no opponent, the king who subdues those insubordinate to him, who rules all peoples, the strong male who treads upon…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 052
(1') conqueror [from the passes of land Ḫabr]uri to the land Gilzā[nu]; I [conquered from the source of] the Subnat River to [the land Šubr]ia (and) the interior of the land Nirbu; I subdued the land Lāqê, to its [fu]ll extent, (and) the land Sūḫu, including the city Rapiqu; [I brought] within the boundaries [of my land] (the territory stretching) from the passes of Mount Babi[te] to land Ḫašmar, the land Zamua, in [its] entirety, [from] the opposite bank of the Lower Zab [to] Tīl-Abāri, which is upstream from the land Z[abban, to Tīl-ša]-Abtāni and Tīl-ša-Za[bdāni; the cities Ḫiri]mmu (and)…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 053
(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria; conqueror of the Naʾiri lands, to their (text: its) full extent, from the passes of the land Ḫabruri to the land Gilzānu; he conquered from the source of the Subnat River to the land Šubria; I brought within the boundaries of my land (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris River to the land Ḫatti, the land Lāqê, in its entirety,…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 055
Dedicates conquered wealth to the god Ninurta, linking Ashurnasirpal II's western campaigns to the theological claim that Assyrian expansion fulfilled divine will — a cornerstone of Neo-Assyrian royal ideology.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 056
Preserves the full titulary of Ashurnasirpal II — sun-king, world-trampler, chosen of Enlil and Ninurta — encoding the theological and imperial ideology that legitimised Neo-Assyrian expansion in the 9th century BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 057
Records Ashurnasirpal II's restoration of the Emašmaš temple at Nineveh, situating him within a chain of vice-regents stretching back to Šamšī-Adad and linking royal piety to political legitimacy.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 060
One of the surviving royal inscriptions of Ashurnasirpal II (r. 883–859 BCE), preserved in the RIAo corpus as a witness to the formulaic and historical record of early Neo-Assyrian kingship.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 061
One of the surviving royal inscriptions of Ashurnasirpal II, whose annals collectively document the territorial expansion and brutal suppression campaigns that defined early Neo-Assyrian imperial statecraft.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 066
Attests Ashurnasirpal II's full titulary and three-generation dynastic genealogy back to Adad-nārārī II, anchoring the ideological framework by which Sargonid kings legitimized conquest through divine appointment and hereditary authority.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 067
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, [son of Tukultī-Ni]nurta (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of [Adad-nārārī (II), appointee of the god En]lil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, (4) the one who conquered (everything) from [(...)] the slopes of the mountains of the Lullumê, the interior of the land Ḫabḫu, the land Zamua, (and) the land Ḫašmar, a[ll of them, to the land Amu]rru, Mount Amanus, and Mount Lebanon, as far as the Great Sea; [I counted (all of this territory) as within the boundar](ies) of m[y] land.…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 069
(1) [...], king of the world, strong king, king of Assyria, [..., …, king of A]ssyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of the wo[rld, …]: (3) [..., which …, who had com]e before me, ha[d built, …] ... [...] ... [...]
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 073
(1) [I rec]eived the payment of …: … l]inen [garments] with multi-colored [trim], female musicians, servant men, [...].
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 074
(1) I rece[ived the payment] of [...]: silver, gold, [...], bronze tubs, bronze pots, de[corat]ed beds, (and) [linen] garment[s with multi-colored trim].
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 075
(1) I rec]eived [the payment of …: …, gol]d, t[in], bronze, [iro]n, [(...)], b[ronze] tub(s), bronze [...](s), [...].
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 076
(1) [I rece[ived the paym[ent of ...]: silver, gold, t[in], bronze, bronze tubs, bronze [...], bron[ze …, …, (and) linen garme]nts with multi-colored trim.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 077
(1) I rec[eived] a herd of elephants raised in a city, a herd of wild bulls ra[ised in] a city, a herd [of …, (and) … ] ...
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 079
(1) [... ; pay]ment of the pe[ople of] the city Ḫindānu; [...; payme]nt [of ...].
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 080
(1) Captives of Sangara, a man of the land Ḫatti.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 081
(1) Battle against the city Marinâ of Bīt-Adini.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 082
(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of Assyria: captives of the city El(l)ipi of the land Ḫat[ti].
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 083
(1) I conquered the city [Magar]isu of Bīt-Yaḫiri.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 084
(1) Payment of the people of the city Sarugi.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 086
(1) Palace of [Ashurnasir]pal (II), king of the world, [king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of Assyria], son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of Assyria: I conquered the city Rug(g)ulitu of Bīt-Adini.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 087
(1) I conquered the city Y[all]gu (Alligu) [of Bīt]-Adini.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 090
(1) I conquered the city U[l(l)]uba of Sa(n)gara, [king of the la]nd Ḫatti.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 092
(1) I slew wild bulls on the Euphrates River.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 094
(1) Palace of [As]hurnasirpal (II), king of the world, king of [Assyria], son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), [king of Assyria], son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of Assyria: I slew lions on the Baliḫ River.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 095
(1) Palace [of Ashurnasirpal (II)], king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of [Assyria]: I slew wild bulls on the Euphrates River.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 097
(1) Payment of Kudurru of the land [Sūḫu].
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 100
Dedicatory inscription to Ea records Ashurnasirpal II consecrating a stone object for divine protection of his reign, throne, and lineage — a concrete illustration of how Neo-Assyrian kings negotiated power through temple patronage.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 1001
One of the surviving manuscript witnesses to an Ashurnasirpal II inscription that names Tukulti-Ninurta II, anchoring the commemorative text within the tradition of Assyrian royal self-presentation at Kalḫu.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 1003
One of the composite manuscript witnesses preserving Ashurnasirpal II's building activity, attesting the ritual language Assyrian kings used to legitimize monumental construction through divine sanction.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 1004
(1) [...] of [the ci]ty Qatnu brings wine (and) donkeys.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 104
(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, chosen of the gods Enlil and Ninurta, beloved of the gods Anu and Dagān, destructive weapon of the great gods, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 110
(1') [...] the temple of the Sebetti [...]
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 112
Dedicatory inscription claiming temple property for Ištar of Nineveh, linking Ashurnasirpal II's legitimacy through three generations of royal titulature to both Enlil and Aššur.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 116
One of the royal inscriptions establishing Ashurnasirpal II's three-generation Assyrian lineage, a formulaic claim that grounded his legitimacy in an unbroken line of world-kings.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 118
Preserves the tripartite titulary — 'appointee of Enlil, vice-regent of Aššur, king of the world' — through which Ashurnasirpal II anchored his authority in both divine appointment and dynastic descent across three generations.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 119
(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 120
(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria: property of the temple of the god Ninurta.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 121
(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of Assyria: property of the temple of the god Ninurta.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 122
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), king of Assyria, son of Tulkultī-Ninurta (II), king of [Assyria], son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of Assyria: property of the temple of the god Ninurta.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 125
Anchors Ashurnasirpal II's reign in a three-generation patriline — Adad-nārārī II, Tukultī-Ninurta II, Ashurnasirpal II — asserting dynastic continuity as ideological foundation for his aggressive territorial expansion.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 126
Dedicatory inscription linking Ashurnasirpal II's three-generation Enlil-appointed lineage to the Ištar temple at Nineveh, documenting royal legitimation through divine office and cultic patronage in the early Neo-Assyrian period.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 127
Anchors Ashurnasirpal II's legitimacy in a three-generation chain of divine appointment — each king named vice-regent of Aššur — illustrating how Neo-Assyrian titulary encoded dynastic continuity as theological fact.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 129
A standard palace titulary of Ashurnasirpal II anchoring his legitimacy in paternal succession — one of the corpus of RIAo inscriptions (Q004583) documenting how Assyrian kings constructed royal identity in stone.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 130
Marks the palace contents of Ashurnasirpal II as sacred property of the god Ninurta, documenting the deliberate entanglement of royal and temple authority at the Assyrian court circa 875 BCE.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 131
(1) [Pa]lace of Ashurnasirpal (II), king of the world, [king of] Assyria, [son of] Tukultī-Ninurta (II), king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II), (who was) also king of Assyria: facing (brick) of the well of the temple of the Sebetti.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 133
(1) Ashurnasirpal, appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Adad-nārārī (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur: (3b) I completed the temple of the goddess Ištar of Nineveh, my lady, from its foundation(s) to its crenellations and (then) paved (its courtyard).
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 134
(1) Ashurnasirpal, appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Adad-nārārī (II) (who was) also appointee of the god Enlil (and) vice-regent of (the god) Aššur: At that time, I built the temple of the goddess Ištar of Nineveh, my lady, from its foundation(s) to its crenellations.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurnasirpal II 135
Records Ashurnasirpal II's claim to have built the temple of Ištar of Nineveh, anchoring his legitimacy in divine patronage and a three-generation royal genealogy reaching back to Adad-nārārī II.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 136
(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), <king of the world>, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), (who was) also king of the world (and) king of Assyria: I built and constructed the temple of the goddess Ištar of Nineveh.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 138
(1) Ashurnasirpal (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Adad-nārārī (II), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur: (4) (As for) the five towers from the towers of the Kalkal Gate to the towers of the gates [(which one uses) when entering]the forecourt of the god Nunnamnir, [...] … [...] …
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 140 add (Ashurnasirpal II 141 add)
(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), vice-regent of Aššur, favorite of Enlil and Ninurta, beloved of Anu and Dagan, overwhelming weapon of the great gods, mighty king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukulti-Ninurta (II), great king, mighty king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nerari (II), likewise king of the world, king of Assyria; (3b) heroic man who acts with the help of Aššur, his lord, and has no equal among the rulers of the four world regions; marvellous shepherd, fearless in battle, towering flood-wave which has no rival; king who forces those unsubmissive to…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 151 add
(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal (II), vice-regent of Aššur, favorite of Enlil and Ninurta, beloved of Anu and Dagan, overwhelming weapon of the great gods, mighty king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukulti-Ninurta (II), great king, mighty king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nerari (II), likewise king of the world, king of Assyria; (4b) heroic man who acts with the help of Aššur, his lord, and has no equal among the rulers of the four world regions; marvellous shepherd, fearless in battle, towering flood-wave which has no rival; king who forces those unsubmissive to…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 152 add
(1) Palace of Ashurnasirpal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Tukultī-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Adad-nārārī (II) (who was) also great king, strong king, king of the world, (and) king of Assyria; (2) valiant man who acts with the support of Aššur, his lord, and has no rival among the rulers of the four quarters, marvelous shepherd, fearless in battle, mighty flood-tide which has no opponent, (3) the king who subdued (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris to Mount Lebanon and the…
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 2006 / CDLI Seals 006501
(1) Property of [...]. (2) (erasure) (3) Mušēzi[b-Ninurta dedicated] (this) to the god Sa[mnuḫa] for his life.
LawReligion & MythAshurnasirpal II 2007
(1) Palace of Mušēzib-Ninurta, vice-regent.
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 01
(1) Palace of Adad-nārārī (III), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, the king in whose youth (the god) Aššur, king of the Igīgū gods, chose and entrusted him with unrivalled rulership: he conquered and gained dominion over everything from the Great Sea of the Rising Sun to the Great Sea of the Setting Sun; (9b) son of Šamšī-Adad (V), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, unrivalled king, (grand)son of Shalmaneser (III), king of the four quarters (of the world), who slew all of his enemies and annihilated (them) like a flood, (great) grandson of…
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 02
(1) Adad-nārārī (III), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Šamšī-Adad (V), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Shalmaneser (III), king of the four quarters (of the world): (4) The boundary that Adad-nārārī (III), king of Assyria, (and) Šamšī-ilu, the field marshal established between Zakkūru of the land of Hamath and Attār-šumki, son of Abi-rāmu: the city Naḫlasi, together with all its fields, gardens, [and] settlements, is (the property) of Attār-šumki. They divided the Orontes River between them. This is the border. (8b) Adad-nārārī (III),…
LawAdad-nerari III 03
(1) Boundary stone of Adad-nārārī (III), king of Assyria, son of Šamšī-Adad (V), king of Assyria, (and of) Semiramis, the palace-woman of Šamšī-Adad (V), king of Assyria, mother of Adad-nārārī (III), strong king, king of Assyria, daughter-in-law of Shalmaneser (III), king of the four quarters (of the world). (7b) When Ušpilulume, king of the city Kummuḫu, caused Adad-nārārī (III), king of Assyria, (and) Semiramis, the palace woman, to cross the Euphrates River, I (Adad-nārārī) fought a pitched battle with them — with Attār-šumki, son of Abi-rāmu, of the city Arpad, together with eight kings…
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 04
(1') ... [...] they drew the yoke of [my lordly majesty. The kings of the wide land Ḫatti], who, in the time of Šamšī-[Adad (V), my father, had become strong and caused] the lords of the Orontes/Euphrates River [to rebel, ...] he heard [of my approach] and Attār-š[umki, ...] trusting [in his own strength, attacked to wage war and strife. I defeated him (and)] took away his camp. [...] the treasure of [his] palace [I carried off ... Attār-šumki], son of A(bī)-rāme, [...] I received, without number. [...] ... [...]
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 05
(1) [Adad-nārārī (III), great king], strong [king], king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Šamšī-Adad (V), [king of the world, king of Assyria, son of] Shalmaneser (III), king of the four quarters (of the world): (3) I mustered (my) [chariotry, troops] and armed forces and [gave the order to march] to the land Ḫatti. I crossed the Euphrates River in flood. (5) I went down [to the city Paqarḫu]buni. Attār-šumki, [son of Abi-rāmu, together with eight kin]gs of the land Ḫatti, who had rebelled and [trusted in their strength] – the awesome radiance of the god Aššur, my lord, [overwhelmed…
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 06
(1) [To] the god Adad, canal inspector of heaven and netherworld, son of the god Anu, the perfectly splendid hero whose strength is mighty, foremost of all of the Igīgū gods, warrior of the Anunnakū gods, who is bedecked with luminosity, who rides the great storms (and) is clothed with fierce brilliance, who lays low the evil, who bears a holy whip, who makes the lightning flash, the great lord, his lord: (6) [Adad-nār]ārī (III), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, unrivalled king, marvelous shepherd, the exalted vice-regent whose prayers (and) sacrifices the great…
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 07
(1) To the god Adad, the almighty lord, powerful noble of the gods, son of the god Anu, unique, awesome, supreme, canal inspector of heaven and netherworld, who rains down abundance, who dwells in the city Zamaḫu, the great lord, his lord: (3) Adad-nārārī (III), strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Šamšī-Adad (V), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Shalmaneser (III), king of the four quarters (of the world): (4) I mustered my chariotry, troops, (and) armed forces (and) ordered the march to the land Ḫatti. In one year, I made lands Amurru (and) Ḫatti in their (text…
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 08
(1) Palace of Adad-nārārī (III), great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; the king in whose youth (the god) Aššur, king of the Igīgū gods, chose, entrusted him with unrivalled rulership, made his shepherdship pleasing like a healing drug to the people of Assyria, (and) established his throne; the holy priest who unceasingly provides for Ešarra (and) maintains the rites of Ekur, the one who campaigns with the support of (the god) Aššur, his lord, and subdues the rulers of the four quarters (of the world); (5b) the conqueror from Mount Siluna in the east, the lands Namri,…
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 09
(1) [Adad-nārārī (III), great king], strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, [son of Šamš]ī-Adad (V), strong king, king [of the world], king of Assyria, [son of Shal]maneser (III), king of the four quarters (of the world): (4) Decree: he entrusted the land Ḫindānu to Pālil-[ēreš], the governor of the land Raṣappa. The state service is under his authority. (6) Whoever lays claim against the provisions of the decree, which is (in favor) of Pālil-ēreš, the governor of the land Raṣappa (and) governor [of the land Ḫindānu], ... [...] his agent. Whoever [... files a] suit before the king…
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 11
(1) For the goddess Bēlet-parṣē, his lady: Adad-nārārī (III), son of Šamšī-[Adad] (V), dedicated (this) for his life.
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 12
(1) Palace of Adad-nārārī (III), king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Šamšī-Adad (V), king of the world, king of Assyria, (and) son of Shalmaneser (III), king of Assyria: belonging to the facing [of the temple of (the god) Aššur].
LawReligion & Myth
Adad-nerari III 13
Records Adad-nārārī III completing a palace left unfinished by his father Šamšī-Adad V, attesting the dynastic continuity rhetoric Assyrian kings used to legitimise building projects inherited across reigns.
LawReligion & Myth
Adad-nerari III 14
Documents Adad-nērārī III's reconstruction of Nabû's Nineveh temple, anchoring the god's growing cult prominence in the Assyrian heartland to a datable early eighth-century royal patron.
LawReligion & Myth
Adad-nerari III 15
Adad-nerari III's royal titulary chains three successive kings as Enlil's appointees and Aššur's vice-regents, attesting the dynastic legitimation formula the Assyrians used to anchor living rule in divine mandate.
LawReligion & Myth
Adad-nerari III 16
Royal titulary of Adad-nārārī III anchors his legitimacy in two generations of conquest kings, Šamšī-Adad V and Shalmaneser III, illustrating how Assyrian rulers constructed dynastic authority through inscribed genealogy.
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 20
(1') [Adad-nārārī (III), king of Assyria, son of Šamšī-Adad V, king of Assyria], son of Shalmaneser (III), (who was) also king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 2002
(1) To the god Nabû, the heroic (and) exalted one, the son of Esagil, the wise (and) splendid one, the mighty ruler, the heir of the god Nudimmud — whose command is supreme — the one who is skilled in the arts, the one who oversees all of heaven and netherworld, the expert in everything, the wise one who can write (lit. “holder of the tablet stylus”), the learned one of the scribal art(s), the merciful (and) judicious one (5) who has the power to depopulate (and) repopulate (a country), the beloved of the god Enlil — the lord of lords, whose might has no rival, without whom there can be no…
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 2003
(1) Seal of Bēl-tarṣi-ilumma, eunuch of Adad-nārārī (III), king of the world, the governor of the city Kalḫu (and) the lands [Ḫamed]ê, Temeni, (and) Yaluna. I have trusted in you, O Nabû, let me not be put to shame!
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 2005
(1) Property of Rēmanni-ilu, eunuch of Bēl-tarṣi-ilumma, the governor of the city Kalḫu.
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 2006
(1) Property of Pālil-ēreš, eunuch, the governor of the city Nēmed-Ištar (and) of the land Raṣappa.
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 2009
(1) He gave (this) to Ištar-dūrī, eunuch of Nergal-ilāʾī (and) field marshal, his protector. Property of Bīrtāyu, eunuch of Adad-nārārī (III), king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 2010
(1) The god Aššur, the great lord, the king of the gods [who] decrees destinies; the god Anu, the mighty (and) foremost one, the ancestor of the great gods; the god Enlil, the father of the gods, the lord of the lands who makes kingship great; the god Ea, the wise one, the king of the apsû who grants wisdom; (5) the god Marduk, the sage of the gods, the lord of omens, the commander of all; the god Nabû, the scribe of Esagil, the possessor of the tablet of destinies of [the gods] who resolves differences; [the god] Sîn, the luminary [of heaven and netherworld], the lord of the lunar disk who…
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 2011
(1') [...] troops [...] the river [...] wagon, might of the fearful flood, [...] strife. Šamšī-ilu, a man (who is) fearless [in battle, ...] ... upon his steeds, the extensive river [... (5´) ...] to him and Argišti, in the midst of battle, the bow [... he (Argišti) abandoned] his camp (and) with a single horse he [disappeared]. (6-b) [...] him and the army of the land Amurru, the people of Nir... [...] evil approaching (and) rebellion becoming rife (lit. “strong”) [...] his/its meadow like a ..., like a ... [... (10´) ...] ... the blood of his warriors being shed, with redness [it dyed ...]…
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 2012
(1') the chief of the extensive army. (2') At that time, I built a city on the border of Baltil (Aššur), by Mount Ebiḫ, on the bank of the Tigris River, and surrounded it entirely (with a wall). I built (and) completed (it) from its foundations to its crenellations. I called the name of that city Šarru-iddina. (9') I wrote my commemorative inscription and (thus) established my name for eternity. May those who come after see this commemorative inscription of mine. May they heed my name and [...]
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 2013
(1) For (the god) Aššur, his lord, has Šamšī-ilu, the field marshal, dedicated (this) for his life.
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 2014
(1) Property of Šamšī-ilu, the field marshal.
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 2015
(1) Seal of Nabû-šarru-uṣur, eunuch of Adad-nārārī (III), king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 2017
(1) Seal of Bēl-dayyānī, eunuch of Adad-nārārī (III), king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 2018 add
(1') who resides in the ciy Dūr-kat[limmu, the] holy [shrine], his beloved abode, the great lord, his lord: (3') Pālil-ēreš, [the gover]nor of the land R[asappa], the city [Nēmed-Ištar, (and) the city Apk]u, had a gol[den sw]ord made and made and presented an image of Adad-nārārī (III), king of Assyria, his lord, to the god Salmānu (Text: “Adad-nārārī, king of Assyria”), his lord, who protects the throne of his priesthood, to give into his hands the scepter that shepherds the people, for the well-being of his seed, the well-being of the people of Assyria and the well-being of Assyria, to…
LawReligion & MythAdad-nerari III 21
For (the god) Aššur, the great lord, his lord: Adad-nārārī (III), appointee of the god [Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Aššur], son of Šamšī-Adad (V), [appointee of the god Enlil], vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, son of Shalmaneser (III), (who was) also [appointee] of the god Enlil and vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, [dedicated (this)] for his life (and) [the well-being of his seed] and his land.
LawReligion & MythAššur-dan III 1
(1) [(...)] Aššur-dān (III), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent [of (the god) Aššur (...), son of] Adad-nārārī (III), appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of (the god) Ašš[ur (...), son of] Šamšī-Adad (V), [(who was) also] appointee of the god Enlil and vice-regent of [(the god) Aššur (...)]: (4) [(...)] the main courtyard of Eḫursa[gkurkurra ...] the main courtyard [...]
LawReligion & MythAššur-nerari V 1
(1') with scaling ladders and a siege ramp [... where] hostilities occurred [..., whom ...] the king, my ancestor, [had appointed] to be king [... I appointed] Marduk-šarru-uṣur to the governorship [of ...]. (5'b) [No one will appear in court and] protest, [not] with Aššur-nārārī (V) [...] Aššur-nārārī (V), king of Assyria, [has issued] a decree [concerning ...] which is in front of the city Tepata [...] established freedom from taxation (and) [gave it] to Zaza[... Grain and] straw taxes will not be collected [...].
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 001
Documents Ashurbanipal's forced resettlement of conquered populations into Egypt and the Levantine town of Qirbit — a concrete case of Assyrian demographic engineering as an instrument of imperial control.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 002
Lists nine deities who legitimise Ashurbanipal's rule, each sponsoring a different royal quality — a snapshot of the theological machinery the Neo-Assyrian court used to underwrite imperial authority.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 003
Claims divine sanction for Ashurbanipal's literacy — the gods granted him 'a broad mind' to master the scribal arts — embedding scholarly kingship ideology at the heart of Assyrian royal self-presentation.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 004
Claims divine sanction not just for Ashurbanipal's military power but for his scribal learning — one of the clearest royal assertions that literacy itself was a gift of the gods and a mark of legitimate kingship.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 006
Claims Ashurbanipal completed Esarhaddon's unfinished temples — including Eḫursaggalkurkurra at Aššur — framing construction piety as dynastic continuity and divine sanction for his kingship.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 007
Records Ashurbanipal's restoration of Marduk's chariot and shrine roof, linking Assyrian royal piety toward Babylon's chief god to the ideological balancing act of ruling both Assyria and Babylonia simultaneously.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 008
Documents Ashurbanipal's restoration of Sîn and Nusku to their temples and his refurbishment of sanctuaries across Assyria and Akkad, anchoring the king's legitimacy in cultic patronage rather than military conquest.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 009
Attests the Sargonid practice of legitimating a crown prince through divine pre-election — Sîn's nomination in the womb — positioning Ashurbanipal's rule as cosmically ordained before Esarhaddon's formal designation.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 010
Ashurbanipal's titulature — king of Assyria, Babylon, Sumer, and Akkad simultaneously — encapsulates the ideological claim that one ruler could hold the entire Mesopotamian world-order, north and south, under a single divine mandate.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 011
Declares Ashurbanipal's kingship divinely foreordained from the womb by Aššur, Sîn, Šamaš, Adad, and Ištar — anchoring Sargonid legitimacy theology in a chain of gods stretching from conception to coronation.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 012
Records Ashurbanipal's lavish furnishing of Ezida at Borsippa — an ebony bed for Marduk, silver wild-bull guardians, and 83 talents of zaḫalû-metal — documenting Assyrian royal patronage of the great Babylonian sanctuaries.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 013
Preserves Ashurbanipal's own account of his divine mandate, naming seven patron deities across Assyrian and Babylonian pantheons — evidence of deliberate theological synthesis at the height of Sargonid imperial ideology.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 014
Fuses two registers of Sargonid kingship in a single text: the lone-archer lion hunt staged as cosmic spectacle, and the Addaru akītu-festival linking royal legitimacy to the queen of the gods.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 015
Ashurbanipal claims the wisdom of the antediluvian sage Adapa as personal divine endowment — coupling scribal mastery with military might to justify one king's embodiment of both priestly and warrior ideals.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 016
Chronicles the chaotic succession crisis in Elam after Urtaku's death — rival claimants dying of mouse-bite and dropsy before the demon-like Teumman seized the throne — framing Assyrian intervention as cosmic necessity.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 017
Records Elamite court violence — the killing of Indabibi and enthronement of Ḫumban-ḫaltaš III — framed as divinely ordained Assyrian dominance, linking Sargonid royal ideology directly to datable Elamite dynastic upheaval c. 655 BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 018
Preserves Ashurbanipal's account of Elamite vassal Indabibi's submission — fragmentary but direct evidence of how Assyrian royal inscriptions legitimised dominance over post-Teumman Elam.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 019
Documents Assyrian military operations against Elamite royal survivors after the fall of Teumman, then records a diplomatic rupture: Ummanigaš detained Ashurbanipal's envoy and broke off communication — a prelude to renewed Assyrian-Elamite war.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 020
Records Ashurbanipal's desecration of Elamite royal tombs and the repatriation of Nanāya's cult statue to Uruk after 1,635 years — anchoring a precise, self-serving Assyrian chronology of divine abandonment and imperial restoration.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 021
Lists cult centers and temple furnishings restored by Ashurbanipal — including Emeslam at Cuthah, seat of Nergal — documenting the king's systematic program of sanctuary patronage across Assyria and Babylonia.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 022
Records Ashurbanipal's furnishing of Marduk's sanctuary at Babylon — an ebony bed clad in gold, silver pirkus weighing six talents each — charting the Assyrian king's calculated piety toward the Babylonian god after decades of fraught Assyro-Babylonian conflict.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 023
(1) [For the goddess Mul]lis[s]u, exalted ruler, the pre-eminent one among the Igīgū and Anunnakū gods, the most splendid of goddesses, the que[en of que]ens, the Ištar worthy of praise, who is endo[w]ed with sexual charm (and) filled with awe-inspiring radiance, the supreme lady whose lordly majesty is the most outstanding (and) whose divinity is the greatest among the gods of [a]ll settlements, the very competent one, the lady of all things that (are found) in the whole (lit. “territory”) of heav[e]n and netherworld, [the one who holds] the bond of the bright firmament, who[se] place is…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 024
(1) I conquered, plund[ered, ...] the city Birtu-ša-Adad-rēmanni, of/which [...] the Manneans.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 025
(1) Teumman, <who>, during a loss of (all) reason, said to his son: “Shoot the bow!”
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 027
(1) The head of Teum[man, the king of the land Elam], which a common soldier in my army [had cut off] in the midst of bat[tle]. They dispatched (it) quickly to As[syria] to (give me) the good ne[ws].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 028
(1) Ur[t]aku, an in-law of Teumman who had been struck by an a[rro]w (but) had not (yet) died, called out to an Assyrian to c[ut of]f his (Urtaku’s) own head, saying “Come here (and) cut off (my) head. Carry (it) before the king, your lord, and obtain fame.”
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 029
(1) Itunî, a eunuch of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, whom he (Teumman) insolently sent again and again before me, saw my mighty battle array and, with his iron belt-dagger, cut with his own hand (his) bow, the emblem of his strength.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 031
(1) [Battle line of Ashurbanipal, king of A]ssyria, the one who established the de[feat of the land Elam].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 032
(1) The defeat of the troops of Teumman, the king of [the land Elam], which Ashurbanipal, [great king, strong king], king of the world, king of Assyria, [had brought about] (by inflicting) countless (losses) at (the city) Tīl-Tūba, (and during which) he had cast down the corpses of [his (Teumman’s)] w[arriors].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 033
(1) The fugitive [U]mmanigaš (Ḫumban-nikaš II), a servant who had grasped my feet. When I gave the command (lit. “at the working of my mouth”) in (the midst of) celebration, a eunuch of mine whom [I had] sent (with him) ushered (him) in[to] the land Madaktu and the city Susa and placed him on the throne of Teu[mman, whom] I [had def]eated.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 035
(1) I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria, [who] with the support of (the god) Aššur and the goddess Ištar, my lords, conquered my [enemies] (and) achieved my heart’s desire. (3b) Rusâ, the king of the land Urarṭu, heard about the mi[gh]t of (the god) Ašš[ur], my [lo]rd, and fear of my royal majesty overwhelmed him and he (then) sent his envoys to me in Arbela, to inquire about my well-being. I made Nabû-damiq (and) Umbadarâ, envoys of the land Elam, stand before them with writing boards (inscribed with) insolent m[es]sages.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 036
(1) (PN₁ and PN₂) uttered grievous blasphemies against (the god) Aššur, the god who created me. I tore out their tongue(s and) flayed them.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 038
(1) I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria, who by the command of the great gods, achieved his heart’s desires: They paraded before [m]e clothing (and) jewelry, royal appurtenances of Šamaš-šu[ma-u]kīn — (my) unfaithful brother — his palace women, his [eun]uchs, his battle troops, a chariot, a processional carriage, [the ve]hicle of his lordly majesty, every necessity of his palace, as much as there was, (and) people — male and female, young (and) old.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 040
(1) I surrounded, conquered, (and) plundered the city Ḫamanu, a royal city of the land Elam.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 041
(1) I surrounded, conquered, plundered, destroyed, demolished, (and) burned with fire the city Ḫamanu, a royal city of the land Elam.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 042
(1) [...] the city [Bīt]-Bunakku, a [(royal)] city [of the land Elam].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 043
(1) I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria, who b[y the command of (the god) Aššur and] the goddess Mullissu, achieved his heart’s desires, surro[und]ed (and) conquered the city Din[šarri, a ci]ty of the land Elam. [I brought] out [chariot]s, wagons, horses, (and) mules and I cou[nted] (them) as booty.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 044
(1) I surrounded, conquered, (and) plundered the cit[y] ..., a royal city of the land Elam.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 045
(1) [I surrounded, conquered, destroyed, dem]olished, (and) [burned] with fire [the city ...]tu, a city of the land [Elam].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 047
(1) I, [Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria], who with [the support of (the god) Aššur and the goddess Ištar, (...), conquered his] enem[ies, ...] plu[ndered ...] of [...].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 049
(1) [Ummanaldaš (Ḫumban-ḫaltaš III), (the king of the land Elam) who had seen the rage of] the weapon of (the god) Aššur, my lord, [(...) and had returned] from the mountain(s), his place of refuge. [PN, the city rul]er of the city Murubissi (Marubišti), [thought about ... the migh]t of (the god) Aššur, my lord, [and ...]. He seized Ummanaldaš, and [...] brought him before me.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 050
(1) [... who] love his good [d]e[e]ds (lit. “[the] good [d]ee[ds of] his hands”), all of the rulers of the entiret[y of the lands ... — (As for) Tammarītu, Paʾê, (and) Ummanalda]šu (Ḫumban-ḫaltaš III), kings of the land Elam whom [I] had defeat[ed] with the support of (the god) Aššur and the goddess Mullissu, [...] they [sto]od [...] and (then) they prepared their royal meal with their own hands and had (it) brought [before me].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 051
(1) [I, Ashurbani]pal, king of the world, king of Assyria, [who with the support of (the god) Aššur and the goddess Ištar], conquered his enemies [..., surrounded (and) conquered the ci]ty Bīt-Luppi. [I brought out the pe]ople living in it, [chariots, wagons], horses, (and) [mules and] counted (them) as [boo]ty.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 052
(1) [...] had incited [(...)] to rebel [against (the god) Aššur and the goddess] Ištar and [he] prepared for battle. At the beginning of his fight, in the city [..., w]ho had encouraged me, a small body of troops [brought about] the defeat of [his] troops. [... t]heir [...], the rest of them who had fled when (they were) defeated ... [...]. They were speaking [as] follows, saying: “Do not be frightened! (The god) Aššur [...].”
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 054
(1) I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria, for who[m] (the god) Aššur — the king of the gods — (and) the goddess Ištar — the lady of battle — determined a destiny of heroism, [...]: The god Palil, the one who goes before me, let me go triumphantly hunting in the steppe. For pleasure ... [...] I went out. (3b) In the steppe, a widespread place, rag[ing] lions, a ferocious mountain breed, attacked [me and] surrounded the chariot, the vehicle of my royal majesty. By the command of (the god) Aššur (and) the goddess [Ištar], the great gods, my lords, with a single team [harnes]sed to…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 055
(1) I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria — while (carrying out) [my princely] spor[t], they had [a fi]erce [lion] that was born in the steppe (lit. “of its plain”) brought out of a cage and, while on foot, I pierced (it) three times with arrow(s) [(but)] its life did not come to an end. Through the command of the god Palil, the king of the steppe who had generously gr<anted> me power (and) vir[ilit]y, I subsequently stabbed it with my iron belt-dagger [(and)] it laid down (its) life.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 056
(1) I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria, while enjoying myself on foot, seized a fierce lion that was born in the steppe (lit. “of its plain”) by its ear and, with the support of (the god) Aššur and the goddess Ištar — the lady of battle — pierced its body with the lance that was in my hand.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 057
(1) I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria, while (carrying out) my princely sport, seized a lion that was born in the steppe (lit. “of its plain”) by its tail and, through the command of the gods Ninurta (and) Nergal, the gods who support me, shattered its skull with the mace that was in my hand.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 058
(1) I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria, to whom (the god) Aššur (and) the goddess Mullissu have granted outstanding strength, set up the fierce bow of the goddess Ištar — the lady of battle — over the lions that I had killed. I made an offering over them (and) poured (a libation of) wine over them.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 059
Credits Nabû's divine command for Ashurbanipal's defeat of four successive Elamite kings — including Teumman's beheading at the Battle of Til-Tuba — and their humiliation as carriage-pullers, linking Assyrian military conquest explicitly to scribal-god patronage.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 060
(1) For the goddess Mullissu, the lady of the lands who dwells in Emašmaš: (2) Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, the ruler who reveres her, the governor (who is) the creation of her hands, who, at her great command, cut off the head of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, in the thick of battle. (6) Moreover, with her great support, I defeated Ummanigaš (Ḫumban-nikaš II), Tammarītu, Paʾê, (and) Ummanaldašu (Ḫumban-ḫaltaš III), who had exercised kingship over the land Elam after Teumman, and (then) harnessed them to a processional carriage, the vehicle of my royal majesty. (11) Furthermore, at her…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 061
(1) Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of As[syria], the pious servant, the one who reveres the great gods, beloved of the god Aššur and the goddess Mullissu, the one required by the gods Nabû and Marduk, the one who protects the secret knowledge of the great gods, (5) the one who is assiduous towards san[ctuari]es, the holy priest whose gi[ving of food off]erings the gods of heaven (and) netherworld enj[oy], the one who ... Ešarra, the one who am[a]sses te[mple] appurtenance(s), (8) (No translation possible) (13) [I] made (him) t[ake] his seat in [his] (own)…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 062
(1) T[o the gre]at [lord, ...], powerful, sple[n]di[d, ...], foremost among the Igīgū and Anunnakū gods, lord of [...], unrivalled king, my lord, ... [...]: (5) I, Ashurbanipal, king of [Assyria, ...] ... [... the one who] is assiduous towards [your] place[s (of worship), ...] who day and night ... [...], the one who reveres your gre[at] divinity [...] ... [...] the one who directs gods and hum[anity ...], the one who prolongs (my) days, [...], I, Ashurba[nipal, ...], (rev. 1) son of the king of the gods [...] in his good physical health [...], shepherdship ... [...] (r 4) You (Marduk), be…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 063
(1) The palace of Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of [Assyria], the one who conquered the wi[de] land Elam (and) who devastated [its] settl[ements], son of Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of A[ssyria], son of Sennacherib, king of the world, king of [Assyria], descendant of Sargon (II), king of the world, king of [Assyria] — after [I had brought about] the defeat of <Te>umman i[n battle], by the command of the gods Aššur and Marduk, in[side Nineveh, ...] an i[mage of] my [royal majest]y [...]
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 064
(1) The palace of Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, son of Sennacherib, (who was) also king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 065
(1) The palace of Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, son of Sennacherib, [(who was) also king of] Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 066
(1) Seal of Ashurbani[pal, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, son of Sennacherib, (who was) also king of Assyria].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 067
(1) [The palace of Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Esarhaddon], king of Assyria, [son of Senna]cherib, [(who was) also king of] Assyria.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 068
One of the standard royal titulary inscriptions of Ashurbanipal (RINAP 5, Q003767), attesting the Sargonid formula — great king, strong king, king of the world — as a fixed ideological claim to universal sovereignty.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 069
Attests Ashurbanipal's full titulary tracing legitimacy through Esarhaddon and Sennacherib — the dynastic chain the Sargonids used to anchor royal authority across three generations.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 070
(1) [The palace of Ashurbanipal, (great king, strong king,) king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Esa]rhaddon, king of the world, king of [Assyria, son of Sennacher]ib, king of Assyria, son of Sargon (II), (who was) also king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 071
(1) [The one who bro]ught about the defeat of [the land] Elam.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 072
Attests Esarhaddon's conquest of Egypt and Kush as refracted through Ashurbanipal's own royal ideology: the renaming of cities and installation of vassal kings recorded here illuminates how Assyria consolidated its briefest, most audacious imperial overreach.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 073
Chronicles Ashurbanipal's first campaign against Taharqa of Egypt and Kush, picking up directly from Esarhaddon's earlier conquest and documenting Assyria's sustained military pressure on the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 074
Records a Lydian king's dream-oracle in which a deity commands him to grasp Ashurbanipal's feet, linking Assyrian royal power to Gyges of Lydia's campaigns against the Cimmerians — one of the few cuneiform texts to name a Lydian ruler.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 075
Names eleven divine sponsors of Ashurbanipal's Mannean campaign and records a night ambush routed across three leagues of steppe — pinning Assyrian theology of divinely mandated conquest to a specific military engagement.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 076
Chronicles Ashurbanipal's recapture of Mannean-occupied cities — Paddiri, Arsiyaniš, Eristeyana — documenting Assyrian efforts to reassert the northeastern frontier against a rival highland power.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 077
Records an Arab chieftain sending his daughter as housekeeper and reinstating lapsed tribute payments to Ashurbanipal — direct evidence of how the Assyrian court enforced loyalty through dynastic hostage-taking and fiscal obligation.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 078
Records Ashurbanipal's reimposition of tribute on the Median ruler Uallî — including thirty additional horses — and his simultaneous campaigns against Median city-rulers who had defected, documenting Assyrian methods of coercion and reward on the empire's eastern frontier.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 079
Records Assyria's grain relief to famine-struck Elam and the repatriation of Elamite refugees — then frames Urtaku's subsequent aggression as ingratitude, revealing how Sargonid kings cast humanitarian acts as instruments of political obligation.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 080
Records Urtaku of Elam's unprovoked invasion of Babylonia despite Ashurbanipal's prior goodwill — a rare Assyrian royal account of the diplomatic breakdown that triggered the Assyro-Elamite wars of the 650s BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 081
Records Ashurbanipal's justification for invading Elam: Teumman's persecution of the royal Elamite refugees gave the Assyrian king a dynastic-legitimacy pretext rather than a naked conquest.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 082
Names five Elamite kings — Ummanigaš, Ummanappi, Tammarītu, Kudurru, and Parrû — abandoned their thrones rather than face Assyrian arms, supplying a rare royal-inscription checklist of the dynastic chaos that consumed Elam after 653 BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 083
Ashurbanipal justifies refusing extradition of Elamite royal refugees to Teumman — framing the rejection as divine command — before narrating the campaign that ended at the Battle of the Ulaya River, 653 BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 085
Records Ashurbanipal's installation of Ummanigaš II on the Elamite throne after Teumman's defeat — a rare royal account of Assyrian-engineered regime change in Elam, corroborating the annals' narrative of the 653 BCE Ulai campaign.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 086
Chronicles Aššurbanipal's installation of Tammarītu as an Elamite client king and the subsequent Gambulu campaign — concrete evidence of Assyria's strategy of dynastic manipulation to pacify its eastern frontier.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 087
Charges the Elamite king Tammarītu with accepting bribes from the rebel Šamaš-šuma-ukīn: direct Assyrian royal testimony on the diplomacy that nearly split the empire in the 650s BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 088
Records Elamite king Indabibi's return of Assyrian captives seized by Nabû-bēl-šumāti — a grandson of the legendary Babylonian rebel Merodach-baladan — documenting the tangled dynastic hostilities of the mid-7th century BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 089
Records Ashurbanipal's eighth campaign against Gambulu and the capture of Dunānu alive — one of the few royal inscriptions detailing punitive operations against a tribe that defected to Elam during the Assyro-Elamite wars.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 090
Records Ashurbanipal's punitive campaign against the Arab chief Iautaʾ — looting, burning of encampments, and mass seizure of camels and livestock — giving one of the fullest Assyrian accounts of desert warfare beyond the settled frontier.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 091
(i 1') [I constricted (and)] cut sho[rt their lives. I made] them (the people of Tyre) [b]ow down [to my yoke]. (i 3') He (Baʾalu) brought before me [(his) daughter], his [own offspring], and the daughters of his brothers [to serve as housekeepers. (i 5´) He sent at the same time his son, who] had n[ever] crossed the sea, to do obeisance to me. [I received from him his daughter and the daughters of his brothers, tog]ether with a large marriage gift. [I had mercy on him and (then)] I gave (his) son, his offspring, back to him. (i 9') [(As for) Yakīn-Lû, the king of the city Arw]ad, who resides…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 092
Records Gyges of Lydia's dream-vision of Aššur and his subsequent embassy to Nineveh — the only cuneiform account of first contact between Assyria and the Lydian kingdom, corroborating and complicating Herodotus's version.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 093
(1') ... [...] two tall obelisks [cast with shiny zaḫalû-metal, whose weight was 2,500 talents (and which) stood at a temple gate, I ripped (them)] from where th[ey] were erected [and took (them) to Assyria]. (4') On my second campaign, [I marched] ag[ainst Baʾalu, the king of the land Tyre who resides in the middle of the sea]. Because he did not honor my royal command(s and) did not obe[y the pronouncement(s) from my lips], I set up outposts against him. By sea (and) dry land, [I took control of (all of) his] r[outes]. I constricted (and) cut short their lives. I made [them (the people of…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 094
Records Ashurbanipal's systematic conquest of Elamite royal cities — Madaktu, Susa, Ḫaltemaš and others — providing the Assyrian court's own account of the campaigns that effectively ended the Elamite state, c. 647 BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 095
Chronicles Elamite king Tammarītu's military support for the rebel Šamaš-šuma-ukīn, supplying a rare Assyrian royal account of the political fractures that ignited the Babylonian revolt of 652–648 BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 096
Lists the gods, priests, royal statues, and treasures looted from Susa, Madaktu, and Ḫurādi after Ashurbanipal's sack of Elam — the primary Assyrian record of that systematic cultural decapitation of a rival civilization.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 097
Describes the ritual reconstruction of a temple — mortar mixed with beer and wine, workers singing — preserving the ceremonial language Sargonid kings used to legitimise sacred building projects.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 098
Records Ashurbanipal's ceremonial return of Marduk and the Babylonian gods to Esagila after their Assyrian exile — a pivotal act of religious diplomacy meant to legitimise Assyrian rule over Babylon.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 099
Quantifies the precious materials — fifty talents of zaḫalû-silver and thirty-four talents of gold — lavished on Marduk's throne-dais, giving a rare cost-accounting of Assyrian royal temple patronage in Babylon.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 100
Places an Assyrian campaign against the district of Ḫunnir and destruction of Bašimu on the Hidalian border, adding localized geographic and military detail to the fragmentary record of Ashurbanipal's eastern operations.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1001
(o 1) Ashur/Esar/Aššur-[..., ...], son of [..., ...] (o 3) (No translation possible) (r 1') [f]rom the watering place fo[r his stronghold ...] 1/2 bread (and) 1/2 beer from the watering plac[e ...] ... the city [...]. (r 4') [(...)] second extract [...].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1002
(o 1') (No translation possible) (o 3') The god Ninurta, ... [...], allowed [me] to achieve [my heart’s] desire [...] (and) he returned [...]. (o 7') The goddess Queen of Nineveh, the mercifu[l mot]her, came to my side and gladly made me sit on the throne of the father who had engendered me. (o 11') The goddess Lady of Arbela, the great lady, regularly sent me favorable message(s) concerning my exercising kingship. (r 3) The goddess Gula pacified those who were insolent to me and she made ... bow dow[n (to me)]. (r 5) The Sebetti, valiant gods, [...] the left [...] ... [...] (r 8) (No translation possible)
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1003
(1') [...] ... [...] the gods [... with] power, [...] ..., awe-inspiring radiance, (and) bril[liance ...] ... heir designate [...]. (5') [...], great [kin]g, strong king, kin[g of ..., ...] ... [...]
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1004
(1') [...], my [lo]rd, (the god) Aššur, who ... [... for rul]ing over the lands and people [...] set out, Taharqa [...], governors, [...] (r 1') (No translation possible) (r 4') That which is (written) upon the inner sanctum of the temple of [...].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1005
(1') [...] ... [...] my [..., my] strength [...] (his) heart was prou[d ...] he forgot [...] and [did not remember my] favo[r(s) ... (5´) ...] his own judgment and without [divine approval ... He] trusted [in his own strength] and [answered] with disrespect. [...]. He did [not] honor [...] and he [... He did] not [...] ... the gods [...] ... [...]
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1006
(1) (No translation possible) (r 1') ... [...] of the citad[el of ...]. Through supplications [...] with power, viril[ity, ...] (rev. 5´) by the command of the god Aššur [...] with gold, silver, [...], large horses, [...], in (the midst of) joyous celebration [...]. (r 9') The Elamites who trusted in the mass(ed might) of ... and [...].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1007
(1') [...] ... [...] in ... [..., who] had sent his troops [to fight with (the troops of) ..., the k]ing of Assyria, [... Egy]pt and Kush [...] to me, the land of Sumer and Akkad, (5´) [saying: “... of Karduni]aš (Babylonia), all of it, we will deliver into your hand.” [...] (who) did not remember my kindness, [...], abandoned [the ...]s of the gods, and [...]. He forgot my ... and (10´) [...] ... [...]
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1008
(1') [...] ... [...]. He forgot [the kindness that I had do]ne for him and sinned against me. [... B]abylon ... [...] to/for [...] ... [...]
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1009
(1') (No translation possible) (3') [...] before ... [...] for [my] troops [...] were constantly searching for [...]. They [cam]e to me and k[issed my feet. ...], the magnani[mous (and) forbearing one, ...]. (8') (No translation possible)
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 101
Claims Ashurbanipal salted sixty leagues of Elamite territory — one of the few royal inscriptions quantifying the deliberate ecological devastation used to permanently disable a conquered region.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1010
(o 1') [...] (the god) Aššur [...] ... [... the goddess Išta]r, the lady who loves me, ... [...] ... to/for [... from] my childhood until I became an adult, I took hold of the he[m of] her [divinit]y (and) I constantly followed [... (5´) ...] she guarded (me) with her benevole[nt] protection [...] I made [..., h]er hand, which [sustains] my life, guided me [...] she constantly kept sending [me message(s) from] my ecstatics [...] I killed my enemies (and) flattened ... [...] ... [...] ... [...] (r 1') [...] I went ... [...] ... [... i]nside the mountains, his watering place, [..., I captured]…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1011
(1') [...] ... [...] in [...], the king of the land Ela[m, ...] I brought [out and ...]
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1012
(1') [...] ... [...] I sent to him and [...]. (3') [RN, (...,) his brothers], his [fa]mily, (and) the seed of hi[s] father’s house [... the eun]uch of mine whom [I had sent] to inquire abo[ut his well-being ... (5´) ..., whom ...] ... had confined [in prison, ... they] cra[wled naked upon] their [belli]es [and ...].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1013
(o 1') [...] ... [...]s and the noble(s), who(m) my ancestors ... [... to d]eliver payment, which [...] yearly [...] trusted [...], like an eagle [whose dwelling] is situated in a mountain cleft, [...] whose settlements are [s]ituated [...], whose forces are organized (and) [whose] troo[ps are ...]. (o 6') [The deities ...], Nabû, Sîn, Ištar, (and) Nergal, who march at [my] side, [...] ... the assault of troops (and) the setting of an atta[ck] in motion, [...] and they became terrified. They foolishly forgot [...] royal ..., including all of his extens[ive] troops, (10´) [...], (and) his…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1014
(A 1') [...] (the god) Aššur ... [...] the one who holds god and king [..., ...], his [..., ...] in the assembly of [..., ...] the command(s) of [the god Š]amaš and the god Adad ... [... (A 5´) ..., who ...] the four quarters (of the world) as on[e, ..., the one who] ... [the kin]gship of Assyria [...]. (A 7') [...] his furious [...] in a cr[afty] maneuver [...] to save his (own) life, to [..., he ... the w]ill of his great divinity [... (A 10´) ... the bo]rder of the city Ḫarrān ... [...] his benevolent [protecti]on (and) [his beneficent] aegis [...] the son of the king, who(m)ever [...]. (A 13') (No translation possible) (Traces of 1 or 2 signs in 9 lines)
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1016
(o 1') (No translation possible) (o 4') [...] he did not [...] without divine approval [...]. (o 6'a) I myself, by the command of (the god) A[ššur, ...] ... [his/my] weapons [...] who/they were eating [his/their] fo[od ...] for m[y] troops [...] ... [...]. Reverse completely missing
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1017
(o 1) The Elamite [...] ... [...] (r 1') On account of the evil deed(s), [may he/they ...] from his progeny, [...] the thr[one (of) ... May he/they ...] through his gaze.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1018
(1') [...] ... [...] ... he incited to become hostile ... [... to wag]e armed battle and wa[r ..., the gods/deities ...], (and) Nabû, the great gods, [... (5´) ...] who/they stood [... I did not fo]rget and [...] ... [...]
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1019
(A 1') [... the god E]nlil [...] ... (A 3') [...] prize bul[l(s) ... he] fled an[d ... Ashur]banipal [...] him. (B 1') (No translation possible)
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 102
Documents Ashurbanipal's campaign against Ḫidalu — including the removal of its gods to Assyria — a concrete instance of the deliberate religious humiliation used to subordinate a conquered people.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1020
(1') [...] ... [...] I did [n]ot say [...]. In/from ... [... he se]nt [his mounted messenger] to inquire about [my] wel[l-being ...] ... which ... he blocked/decided [... (5´) ...] ... not ... [... he p]l[a]ced them [...] arranged [...] ... lie[s ...] ... [...]
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1021
(1') [... upon] it. [...] ... [... an]d silver [... (5´) ... in] its [e]ntirety. [...] ... I made [...] reside [...]. (7') [...] great [..., ...] I filled (it) with [splen]dor. [...] I had [...] made and [... (10´) ...] its [...]
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1022
(1') [... (of)] my [...], which [..., which] he (Sennacherib) had built [...] the terrace [... (5´) ...] I covere[d tall columns with shi]ny [copper (and) ...]. (6'b) [Eḫ]ulḫul, the templ[e of the god Sîn, which ..., the s]on of [..., had built, ...]
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1023
(1') (No translation possible) (4') [... l]apis lazuli, (and) pappardilû-stone, pre[cious] stone(s), [... (5´) ...] cypress, sweet reed(s), all of the aromatics, which [... the goddess Šer]ūa, the queen, and the god Nabû [..., ... whose horns and h]ooves are perfect, fattened sheep, [...]. I offered sumptuous offerings ... [...] ... of (the god) Aššur [...] to/for Esagil, which [... (10´) ...] ... [...], his creator, the da[is of ... who is en]trusted with al[l of ...]. (12') (No translation possible)
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1024
(o 1) [For the goddess Zarpanītu, ...] ... of the goddesses, the heroic o[ne of the gods ..., the one who] is endowed with [sexual cha]rm (and) who bears the awe-inspir[ing radiance, ..., who pu]rifies all the lord[s ..., for]emost of the earth, whose pre[cious] cultic rites [are ..., (5) ... the pr]aise of all [...] ... deliberation and counsel, the daug[hter of ...] that was given to her (lit: “him”), the totality (of) [...]; (o 8) [...] exalted [lady], goddess of pleasure who [...] to/for [...] — the holy shrine — [... (10) ... who does] not [... the de]cision of the gods Anu, Enlil, and…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1025
Obverse completely missing (r 1') [...] may she [... the men]tion of his venerated name [...] the pleasure bed at night that [... may] she grant me [progeny] and expa[nd my offspring ... (rev. 5´) ...] may she strengthen my [...] and may she [...] may she have [...]s written [...] daily may she remi[nd ...] ... may th[ey] constantly bless [...] good thing(s) [...]. Subscript completely missing
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1026
(o 1') [... the me]ntion of his lordly majesty ... [...] ... [...] they (the gods) were constantly [im]ploring him for (my) life ... [...] I had [... of the go]ds written therein and [...]. (r 3) [... o]n you, may your divinity accept (and) [may your] m[ind desire ...] a singer with a lyre, the abode of the god Dunga, (in) the month Addaru (XII), [... (rev. 5) ...] may [(the command for) ...] come forth [from] your [lips]. Always remem[ber ..., ...], make firm the foundation(s) of [my royal] throne. [...]. May your holy [...]. (r 8) [...] may [... a] pleasure bed [...] ... [... (rev. 10) ...] ... and ... [...] the goddess Zarpanīt[u ...] ... [...] ... [...]
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1027
(o 1') [...] ... [...], the priest, the true vice-regent, who provides for Ez[ida, ...], the capable ruler who comprehends the wisdom of the god Nabû, [...]; (to) who(m) the great gods [...] to dire[ct ..., (...)], (5´) and to restore the work of temple[(s), ...], a just scepter (and) a true staff [for ...]; (o 7') (for whom) the gods Aššur, Bel (Marduk), and Nabû [...] h[is] aid; the one who carries out in full the instruction(s) of (the god) Aššur and the god Mar[duk ...], the one who (re)-established your privileged status, the one who [...]; (10´) who, at the name of the god Nabû, his…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1028
Obverse completely missing (r 1') [...] ... [...] may he ... [...]. (r 3') That which (is written) upon the wild bulls of Borsippa [(...)].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 1029
(o 1) [For the god Nergal, perfect warrior, mightiest of the gods, foremost hero, powerful lord, (...)] ..., [king of battle, lord of strength and power, lord of the Deluge that brings abo]ut devas[tation, the exalted son of the god Enlil, powerful one among the gods, his brothers, child of the goddess Kutuša]r (Mullissu), the gr[eat] queen, [who marches at the side of the king, his favorite, and kills his foes, (who) cuts d]own the en[emy, (5) (who) spares the ruler who reveres him from plague, (who) grant]s him mighty vic[tor]ie[s], who resides in Emeslam, the holy shrine that is inside…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 103
Records Ashurbanipal's systematic devastation of Elam — gods deported, sixty leagues salted — documenting the Assyrian theology of conquest in which plundering enemy cult statues physically broke divine protection.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 104
Preserves the standard Assyrian royal prayer formula — longevity, dynastic continuity, victory over enemies — attesting the ideological template Sargonid kings imposed on monumental self-presentation in the mid-seventh century BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 105
Preserves Ashurbanipal's framing of his brother Šamaš-šuma-ukīn's revolt as sacrilege — specifically the theft of cult centers the king had personally restored — casting civil war as divine betrayal rather than political rebellion.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 106
Records Tammarītu of Elam's mocking words about the beheading of Teumman and Ummanigaš's submission — then Aššur's divine retribution, linking Assyrian war propaganda directly to theological justification for punishing vassal insolence.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 107
Tammarītu's groveling submission at Nineveh — crawling naked, kissing royal feet, sweeping the ground with his beard — documents the ritual humiliation Assyria imposed on deposed Elamite claimants after the civil war of the 650s BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 108
Records Ištar of Arbela appearing in a dream to reassure Assyrian troops afraid to ford the Idide River — direct evidence of divine-oracle legitimation woven into Ashurbanipal's Elamite campaign narratives.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 109
Places the Arab king Uaiteʾ of Sumuʾil in a dog collar at the city gate — one of the few royal inscriptions to specify this particular humiliation for a defeated vassal who broke his oath to Assyria.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 110
Records Urarṭian king Sarduri III's submission of audience gifts and renewed diplomatic ties to Ashurbanipal — rare cuneiform evidence of the northern kingdom's shift from rival to tributary in the late 7th century BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 111
A fragmentary Sargonid royal inscription invoking the Assyrian state pantheon — Šarrat-Kidmuri, Ištar of Arbela, Ninurta, Nergal, and Nusku — preserving partial evidence of the ritual and ceremonial language binding kingship to divine favour.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 112
Preserves Ashurbanipal's ultimatum to the Elamite king Indabibi — threatening Susa, Madaktu, and Ḫidalu and invoking the fate of Teumman — documenting Assyrian coercive diplomacy in the final years of Elamite independence.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 113
Invokes the full Assyrian-Babylonian pantheon — Aššur to Nabû — in a single royal inscription, attesting the late Sargonid formula for anchoring royal authority in the consent of every major deity.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 114
Traces Ashurbanipal's conquests 'from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea,' encoding the Assyrian imperial ideology of universal kingship through its titulary and campaign narrative.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 115
Records Ashurbanipal's completion and gold-cladding of Eḫursaggalkurkurra, Aššur's chief temple, linking royal construction piety to divinely ordained kingship in the Sargonid tradition.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 116
Records Ashurbanipal's restoration of Marduk's cult furniture — bed, canopy, and chariot — in Babylon, anchoring the Assyrian king's claim to legitimate rule over the south through priestly service to the Babylonian god.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 117
Records Ashurbanipal's first campaign against the Kushite pharaoh Taharqa, framing the reconquest of Memphis as divine mandate — a rare Assyrian first-person account of the struggle for Egypt that cross-checks both biblical and Egyptian sources.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 118
Names Necho, Šarru-lū-dāri, and Pa-qruru as Assyrian-installed client kings in Egypt, giving the Assyrian court's own account of the vassal network Esarhaddon built along the Nile delta.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 119
Attests Ashurbanipal's reinstatement of Egyptian vassals who had fled Taharqa's advance, then pivots to the Elamite war against Urtaku — threading two simultaneous imperial crises in one royal account.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 120
A fragmentary Sargonid royal inscription invoking Ištar's authority over the king's enemies — one of many RINAP 5 witnesses preserving the theological language that legitimised Neo-Assyrian military campaigns.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 121
Names Elamite dynasts Ḫumban-ḫaltaš II and Teumman alongside the Kushite pharaoh Tanutamon, placing Assyria's simultaneous western and eastern military pressures within a single royal record.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 122
Chronicles Assyria's defeat of the Nubian pharaoh Tanutamun and the installation of a local client-king at Athribis — the primary cuneiform record of Assyrian military dominance over Egypt in the 660s BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 123
Narrates Ashurbanipal's sack of Thebes (663 BCE) — the deepest Egyptian penetration by an Assyrian army — and catalogues the city's looted treasures, corroborating the biblical lament in Nahum 3:8–10.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 124
Records Ashurbanipal's naval blockade of Tyre — cutting off food and water to the island city — one of the few cuneiform accounts of Assyrian siege warfare at sea.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 125
A Lydian ruler dreams that Ashur commands him to grasp Ashurbanipal's feet — and then defeats the Cimmerians: one of the clearest surviving texts linking Assyrian royal ideology to a foreign vassal's military success.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 126
Narrates Ashurbanipal's defeat of the Elamite king Teumman at the Ulai River and his installation of client rulers in Elam — direct royal testimony to the Assyrian policy of dynastic partition as an instrument of imperial control.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 127
Names Undasu, son of the Elamite king Teumman, and Šamaš-šuma-ukīn's messengers in a battle context, adding onomastic and diplomatic detail to the Assyro-Elamite wars of the 650s BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 128
Records Ashurbanipal's claim to have defeated Teumman of Elam and seized Bīt-Imbî, situating this Assyrian-Elamite war within the king's own ideological framing of divinely sanctioned conquest.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 129
Records Assyria's deposition of the Qedarite king Uaiteʾ and the installation of Abī-Yateʾ in his place — direct evidence of Sargonid intervention in Arab dynastic succession during the wars tied to Šamaš-šuma-ukīn's rebellion.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 130
(1') (No translation possible) (3') [...] to kill [...]. (4') [...] ... gold which ... [...]. (5') [...] ... [...] ... [...] ... [...] powe[r], virility, (and) king[ship ...]. (r 1) Šamaš-šuma-ukīn, (my) hostile brother, who had plan[ned murder] against Assyria [...], saying: “I will come and destr[oy] those cities [...]. I will carry off Assyrians from (their) midst and [...].” (As for) Šamaš-šuma-ukīn, who had spoken (these) insolent word(s), [(the god) Aššur determined for him a cruel death; he consigned him] to a conflagration ... [(and) destroyed his life]. (r 6) (As for) the people,…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 131
Attests Aššurbanipal invoking Aššur and Ištar to legitimize the defection of eighty-five named nobles — a concrete glimpse of how Sargonid kings framed elite realignment as divine favor.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 132
Records Tammarītu's flight to the Assyrian court after his own servant Indabibi seized the Elamite throne — direct Assyrian testimony to the dynastic collapse that dismembered Elam in the 650s BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 133
Records Elamite court factions killing Indabibi and enthroning Ḫumban-ḫaltaš III — framed as Assyrian divine terror, this is a key source for the political collapse of Elam in the 650s BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 134
Records Ashurbanipal's account of his brother Šamaš-šuma-ukīn's death in the flames of Babylon (648 BCE) and the seizure of his royal regalia — one of the few first-person Assyrian narratives of the brutal end to the great fraternal civil war.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 135
Names four rival Elamite claimants — Ummanigaš, Ummanappa, Tammarītu, and Kudurru — and records Tammarītu's barefoot prostration before Ashurbanipal, giving the most detailed Assyrian account of the dynastic chaos that fractured Elam after Teumman's death.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 136
Records Ashurbanipal's sack of Bīt-Imbî and the mutilation of its defenders — visceral first-person evidence of the psychological terror tactics underpinning Assyrian imperial expansion into Elam.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 137
Attests Ashurbanipal's account of crushing his brother Šamaš-šuma-ukīn's rebellion (652–648 BCE) and defeating the Elamite king Ummanalداšu — Assyrian royal propaganda cast as divine sanction for fratricidal civil war.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 138
Narrates Ḫumban-ḫaltaš III's flight across a river from Assyrian forces — fragmentary but direct Assyrian testimony to the campaign that effectively ended Elamite royal resistance by the 640s BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 139
Attests Ashurbanipal's campaign against Ḫumban-haltaš III of Elam — the routed king's flight 'naked' into the mountains marking one of Assyria's deepest penetrations into Elamite territory before Susa's sack.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 140
Fragmentary Sargonid royal inscription recording spoils — statues, wagons, horses, mules — taken from Susa, likely part of Ashurbanipal's 647 BCE sack of the Elamite capital.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 141
Records Nanāya's 1,535-year 'exile' from Babylonia and her divine nomination of Ashurbanipal as restorer of her cult — linking Sargonid royal legitimacy directly to the goddess's prophetic dreams and ecstatic oracles.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 142
Records Elamite prince Paʾê fleeing to Ashurbanipal and 'grasping the feet' of the king — the submission formula in action during the Assyrian–Elamite power struggle of the 650s BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 143
Records Ḫumban-ḫaltaš III's flight into exile after his own land rebelled — Ashurbanipal's account of Elam's internal collapse following Assyrian devastation of Madaktu.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 144
Attests Aššurbanipal's theology of divine warrant for war — Aššur and Ištar personally guaranteeing victory — in the context of his Elamite campaigns, where a fleeing enemy is seized 'like a falcon.'
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 145
Names three successive Elamite kings — Tammarītu, Paʾê, and Ḫumban-ḫaltaš III — alongside the Arab king Uaiteʾ as captives yoked to Ashurbanipal's chariot, anchoring the chronology of Elam's final collapse under Assyrian pressure.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 147
Preserves a fragmentary Ashurbanipal royal inscription invoking Aššur and Ištar to legitimise military action against Elam, attesting the standard Sargonid theology of divine wrath as the engine of imperial conquest.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 148
Invokes the craft deities Ninagal, Kusibanda, and Ninkurra alongside Mullissu and Ištar of Nineveh, preserving late Sargonid royal theology linking divine artisanship to military victory.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 149
Fragmentary Sargonid royal inscription naming Tīl-Tūba and a descendant of the Elamite king Urtaku — likely part of Ashurbanipal's account of his wars against Elam in the 650s BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 150
Chronicles Ashurbanipal's Elamite campaign alongside the rebel king Tammarītu, placing Ištar's intervention at the heart of Assyrian royal ideology in the wars that destroyed Elam in the 650s BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 151
Names Tammarītu — an Elamite king restored and then deposed by Ashurbanipal — in a royal inscription that frames Assyrian military intervention as divine mandate from Aššur.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 152
Records Ashurbanipal's campaign against Ḫumban-ḫaltaš III of Elam, one of the few royal inscriptions naming that king and corroborating the Assyrian destruction of Elam in the 640s BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 153
Attests Nabû-bēl-šumāti's submission to Ashurbanipal and a connection to Mannean territory, offering fragmentary but direct evidence of Assyrian diplomacy on its northeastern frontier ca. 655 BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 154
Records Ashurbanipal's claim that the goddess Nanāya had dwelt in Elam for exactly 1,535 years before choosing him as her liberator — yoking precise dynastic chronology to divine mandate for the Elamite campaigns.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 155
Records Ashurbanipal's decapitation of the Elamite king Teumman at the Battle of Til-Tuba (~653 BCE) and the installation of a client ruler — the Assyrian annalistic template for conquest, divine mandate, and vassal governance in one passage.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 156
Records Ishtar-as-Venus abandoning the Arab king Hazael to Sennacherib's forces and then migrating to Assyria — direct theological justification for Assyrian military dominance over the Arabs across three royal generations.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 157
Chronicles Ashurbanipal's successive defeats of three Elamite kings, placing Elam's serial dynastic collapses within the framework of Ištar's divine patronage of Assyrian military power.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 158
Names Tammarītu, Paʾê, and Ḫumban-ḫaltaš III together in an Assyrian royal account of the Elamite wars, corroborating the turbulent succession of client and captive kings Ashurbanipal installed after the sack of Susa.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 159
(1) [For the goddess Bēlet-parṣē who resides in the House of Succession that is insi]de Nineveh, the great lady, my lady — (2) [I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of] Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), [... Šarra]t-Kidmuri, Ištar of Arbela, [... t]o be king of the four quarters (of the world): (5b) [...] an excellent throne [... the se]at of the goddess Bēlet-parṣē, his lady, [...] ... of Bēlet-parṣē [... th]at excellent [throne ...] I decorated it and (10) [... cast with] shiny [zaḫa]lû-metal [...]. I established [the ... of] her great [divinit]y [... may] her heart…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 161
Records Elamite heralds submitting to Assyrian envoys and a decapitated rival king's head being carried as tribute — concrete evidence of how Ashurbanipal projected terror to dissolve Elamite resistance without pitched battle.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 162
(1') [I ripped out the tongue(s ...)] of Na[bû-uṣalli, a city overseer of the land Gambulu, (and)] fla[yed him/(them)]. (3') With [the decapitated head of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, I took] the road to the city [Arbela in (the midst of) celebration]. (5') I sent Tammarītu [...] with him [...] the people of the city Ḫidal[u ...]. (8') Simburu, the heral[d of the land Elam, heard about the advance of my troops and] became frightened at the mention of my name. [He] then [came] b[efore my messenger and kissed my feet]. (10') [Fear of my royal majesty] covered Umbakidinu, the [herald of…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 163
Records Elamite heralds and a provincial governor preemptively delivering a rival king's severed head to Assyrian envoys — concrete testimony to the psychological reach of Ashurbanipal's campaigns into Elam c. 655 BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 164
Narrates the death of the Elamite king Teumman at the Battle of the Ulaya River (653 BCE): one of the few royal inscriptions to preserve a verbatim last command attributed to a defeated enemy king.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 165
Records Ashurbanipal's account of the Battle of the Ulaya (c. 653 BCE) and the decapitation of the Elamite king Teumman — a scene also carved on the Nineveh palace reliefs, letting scholars align royal inscription and sculptural propaganda.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 166
Attests Ashurbanipal's claim to have choked the Ulāya River with Elamite dead — a vivid rhetorical formula for total victory that shaped how Assyrian kings narrated the destruction of their eastern rival.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 167
Attests Ashurbanipal's triumphal entry into Arbela with Gambulian and Elamite captives — including Teumman's severed head — framed as a gift of Ištar and staged within the akītu-festival liturgy.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 168
Narrates the rout of the Elamite king Teumman at the Battle of Til-Tuba (653 BCE), his wagon's collapse in the forest, and his son Tammarītu grasping his hand — a royal account of Assyria's decisive dismemberment of Elam's royal line.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 169
Chronicles Ashurbanipal's Elamite campaign — including the defeat of Teumman and the burning of Ša-pī-Bēl — while naming provincial officials like the šandabakku of Nippur, anchoring Assyrian imperial reach into Babylonia.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 170
Attests Teumman of Elam's demand that Ashurbanipal extradite sixty royal Elamite refugees — a casus belli for the 653 BCE campaign that ended at the Battle of the Ulāya River.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 171
(o? 1') ... [...] his hea[vy def]eat [... his] offspr[ing ...] provinces of [...] the people [...]. (o? 6') I, Ashurbanipa[l, ...], which I constantly marc[hed through ...] the land Mannea [...] you made bow d[own ...] (obv.? 10´) Er[isinni ...] ... [...] (r? 1') [...] lordly [...], which [...] Teumman, the king of the land Elam, [...] I cut off his head in the assembly of [his troops ...]. Blank space for 2 lines (r? 4') I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria: (The god) Aššur and the goddess Ištar, [...], before “May [the Vice]-Regent of (the God) Aššur En[dure],” the ga[te of (the god) Aššur, (...)], they allowed [me] to stand [ove]r my foes, who [...]. Blank space for 2 lines (r? 7') [...] he appointed [...] I placed him [...] Umma[nigaš ...]
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 172
Records Ashurbanipal's account of the Elamite king Tammarītu's betrayal and his own palace coup — a rare Assyrian royal text naming an internal Elamite dynastic rupture as divine punishment for siding with the rebel Šamaš-šuma-ukīn.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 173
Records Tammarītu of Elam's downfall after aiding the Babylonian rebel Šamaš-šuma-ukīn: divine sanction via internal Elamite revolt, narrated as proof that Aššur and Ištar actively defended Ashurbanipal's throne.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 174
Chronicles Ashurbanipal's suppression of his brother Šamaš-šuma-ukīn's revolt and the punishment of Borsippan rebels, preserving the Assyrian court's own framing of the great civil war of 652–648 BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 175
Ashurbanipal's own account of suppressing his brother Šamaš-šuma-ukīn's revolt (652–648 BCE): one of the few royal inscriptions detailing the Assyrian civil war that nearly split the empire.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 176
Records Ashurbanipal's confiscation of his rebel brother Šamaš-šuma-ukīn's household after the Babylonian civil war (652–648 BCE): palace women, eunuchs, chariotry, and named officials catalogued as war spoils of fratricide.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 177
Records the Elamite king Tammarītu's flight to Nineveh and submission to Ashurbanipal after his own servant Indabibi overthrew him — a rare first-person royal account of Elam's internal collapse during the Assyro-Elamite wars.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 178
Records Elamite king Tammarītu's humiliating flight to Nineveh and submission at Ashurbanipal's feet after a servant's coup — corroborating the Rassam Cylinder's account of Assyria exploiting Elam's internal collapse.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 179
Records Tammarītu's flight through the Sealand marshes after military defeat and his rival Indabibi's seizure of the Elamite throne — Assyrian royal testimony to the dynastic fractures that left Elam vulnerable to Ashurbanipal's campaigns.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 180
Records Ashurbanipal's capture and public humiliation of Ammi-ladīn, king of Qedar, paraded on camels before the Assyrian court — direct epigraphic evidence of Assyrian military reach into the north Arabian steppe.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 181
(o? 1') [I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, who by the command of (the god) Aššur] (and) the goddess Mu[llissu a]chi[eved his heart’s desire: Um]manigaš (Ḫumban-nikaš II) [dispatched them (his forces) to Undasu, a s]on of Teum[man — a (former) king of the land Elam — Zazaz, the city ruler of the c]ity Pillatu, (and) [Parr]û, the [city ruler of the land Ḫilmu, to help] Šamaš-šuma-ukīn — [(my) unfaithful] b[rother — (and) to fight with the troops of Assyria] (r? 1') (No translation possible) (r? 2') [I], Ashurbani[pal, king of Assyria, who b]y the command of (the god) Aššur (and) the goddess…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 182
(o? 1') [...] ... [...] mi[ghty] victories [... the la]nd Elam [... the land Ela]m, all of it, [... (obv.? 5´) with the suppor]t of (the god) Aššur (and) the goddess Mulli[ssu, ... he became di]stressed. [He sent] his envoys [to me ... and with] his substantial audience gift(s) ... [...]. (o? 8') [I], Ashurbanipal, ki[ng of Assyria, who by the comman]d of (the god) Aššur (and) the goddess Mull[issu achieved his heart’s desire]: (r? 1') [...] (r? 2') [I], Ashurbanipal, [king of Assyria, who by the command of] (the god) Aššur (and) the goddess Mul[lissu achieved his heart’s desire: ...] the land Elam [... (rev.? 5´) ... I la]id w[aste ...] the god Lagma[ru ...] ... [...]
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 183
Names Šamaš-šuma-ukīn alongside royal regalia and court officials, preserving fragmentary Assyrian testimony on the brother-king installed at Babylon whose revolt in 652 BCE shook the empire.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 184
Records Aššur's divine mandate empowering Ashurbanipal to install Tammarītu's envoy on the Elamite throne — direct evidence of Assyrian ideological justification for installing client kings in Elam, c. 655 BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 185
Records Ashurbanipal's rebuilding of Arbela's long-unfinished walls and the silver-and-gold refurbishment of Ištar's temple there — grounding the city's role as Ištar's cultic seat in datable royal construction.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 186
Preserves Ashurbanipal's full titulature — 'king of the world, king of the four quarters' — within a royal inscription that also records deliberate erasure, attesting the scribal practice of revising official commemorative texts.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 187
Records Ashurbanipal's personal tally of eighteen lions killed in a single dawn hunt, anchoring the famous Nineveh lion-hunt reliefs in a contemporary textual account of royal ritual violence.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 188
Narrates Ashurbanipal's systematic deportation of the Elamite royal family, elite troops, and craftsmen after his sack of Elam — primary Assyrian evidence for the deliberate dismantling of a rival dynastic state.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 189
A fragmentary Sargonid royal inscription recording a campaign against Elam — one of several RINAP 5 witnesses that, read together, reconstruct Ashurbanipal's systematic dismantling of Elamite power in the mid-seventh century BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 190
Sîn's prenatal naming of Ashurbanipal as rebuilder of Eḫulḫul — the moon-god's temple at Ḥarrān — grounds a political construction project in divine predestination, illustrating how Sargonid kings legitimised costly building programmes through celestial prophecy.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 191
Attests Ashurbanipal's self-presentation as royal intercessor — annulling the sins of nobles and eunuchs before his father — a rare glimpse of how Sargonid kings framed filial piety as a source of legitimate authority.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 193
A fragmentary Sargonid royal inscription invoking Šamaš and Nabû alongside the king's name: one of the manuscript witnesses preserving the divine legitimation formulae of Ashurbanipal's reign.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 194
Records Esarhaddon's campaign against Uaiteʾ of the Arabs and the capture of his gods — a rare first-person Assyrian account of punitive action against a vassal who 'cast off the yoke,' framed as divine mandate from Aššur.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 195
(1) O Aššur, the great mountain, [...], the sublime one [who resides] i[n] Eḫur[saggalkurkurra, ...], the lord of the crown, ... [...] by whose exalt[ed] command [...], (5) the fierce deluge [...], who, by the weapons of [his mighty] battle array, [...] and together with mankin[d ...] you swept over them like [...] you imposed [...] on the lands [...]. (10) Dunānu, son of Bē[l-iqīša, ...] who spoke w[ords of ...] and you, kin[g of the gods ...]. Him, together with [his] famil[y ...] who to Sargon (II) [...] (15) kings who preced[ed me ...]. Moreover, he, Aplāya [... who] constantly harassed…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 196
Records Taharqa's attack on Assyrian personnel stationed in Egypt and Ashurbanipal's furious military response — a rare first-person Assyrian account of the collision between two empires competing for control of the Nile Delta.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 197
Chronicles Ashurbanipal's 667 BCE campaign against Taharqa — the Kushite pharaoh's flight from Memphis to Thebes — supplying Assyrian royal testimony for the conquest that briefly made Nineveh master of Egypt.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 198
Records Aššurbanipal's claim that the goddess Nanāya had dwelt in Elam for 1,530 years before he restored her — anchoring his sack of Susa in a theology of divine homecoming while also attesting his systematic salting of Elamite farmland.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 199
Records Ashurbanipal's claim that Nanāya herself foretold his retrieval of her cult statue from Elam after 1,530 years' exile — directly linking royal military action to divine mandate in Sargonid ideology.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 200
Links Ištar of Arbela's cult calendar to the heliacal rising of the Bow Star (Sirius) in month Abu, anchoring Sargonid royal legitimacy in observed astronomical phenomena.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 2001
(1) [I]mage of Libbāli-šar[rat], que[en] of Ashurbani[pal], king of the world, ki[ng] of As[syria].
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 2002
A Sargonid queen dedicates a gold votive object to an unnamed goddess, petitioning for Ashurbanipal's long reign and mutual marital longevity — rare epigraphic evidence of a Neo-Assyrian queen acting as an independent religious patron.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 2003
Records Sîn-balāssu-iqbi's restoration of Etemennigurru at Ur — a rare governor-level building inscription attesting provincial temple patronage under late Sargonid rule.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 2004
(1) For the god Sîn of heaven, lion of the gods (and) king of the Enlil (circle of) gods, his lord: (5) Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, governor of Ur, son of Ningal-iddin, (10) (who was also) governor of Ur, built anew Etemennigurru, his beloved temple.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 2005
(1) For the goddess Ningal, queen of Ekišnugal, divine Ninmenna (“Lady-of-the-Crown”), beloved of Ur, his lady: (5) Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, governor of Ur, built anew the Gipāru, the house of the supreme goddess, beloved wife of the god Sîn. After he constructed a statue, a (re-)creation of the goddess Ningal, (and) brought it into the house of the wise god, she took up residence in Enun, (which was) built (to be) her lordly abode.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 2006
(1) For the goddess Ningal, exalted lady, queen of the goddesses, (most) valiant of the great gods: (4) In order to ensure the good health of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, strong king, (and) king of the world, his lord, Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, son of Ningal-iddin, governor of Ur, Eridu and the Gurasimmu (tribe), (10) opened up (its) emplacement, built (the well named) Puḫilituma, and established (it) for all time. He made inexhaustible spring water appear in it. (14) With regard to any (future) ruler who (re)opens this well, may his days be long (and) his offspring extensive!
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 2007
(Lines 1-28 [= col. i–iii], which contain an inscription of Amar-Suen, are not edited here.) Col. iv (29) Copy from a baked brick from the debris of Ur, the work of Amar-Suen, the king of Ur, (which) Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, the governor of Ur, had discovered while looking for the ground plan of Ekišnugal. Nabû-šuma-iddin, son of Iddin-Papsukkal, the lamentation-priest of the god Sîn, saw (it) and wrote (it) down for display. Top (39) (No translation possible)
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 2008
(1) (For) the god Nanna, king of heaven (and) netherworld: in order to ensure the good health of Ashurbanipal, king of kings, his lord, (5) Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, governor of Ur (and) Eridu, who provides for Ekišnugal, the shining shrine of the Watery Abyss (apsû), built anew (10) Elugalgalgasisa, his beloved temple.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 2009
(1) [(For) the god Nanna], his [lo]rd, [... of As]hurbanipal, [king] of the world, [Sî]n-balāssu-iqbi, (5) governor of Ur (and) Eridu, for the sake of his life (re)built Elugalgalgasisa [an]ew.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 2010
Records Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, governor of Ur, constructing a cult station for Ninkasi — goddess of brewing — at Eridu, attesting Assyrian-period investment in southern Babylonian sacred infrastructure.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 2011
Attests Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, governor of Ur, renovating the Eešbanda temple for Šuzianna at Eridu — localised religious patronage carried out under Assyrian imperial authority in the deep south of Babylonia.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 2012
Records Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, governor of Ur, rebuilding Eankikuga — attesting Assyrian provincial governors sponsoring traditional Sumerian cult infrastructure as late as the 7th century BCE.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 2013
(1) (For) the god Nanna, king of the Enlil (circle of) gods, his lord: Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, governor of Ur, (5) who provides for Eridu, built Eadgigi, the abode of the god Nusku.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 2014
(1) (For) the god Nanna, king of the Enlil (circle of) gods, his lord: Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, governor of Ur, (5) who provides for Eridu, built Ekišibgalekura, the abode of the god Ninimma.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 2015
Attests a Sargonid governor of Ur, Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, sponsoring temple construction for Nanna and Ennugi at Eridu — localising late Assyrian royal piety within the ancient sacred landscape of the deep south.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 2016
(1) (For) the god Nanna, king of the Enlil (circle of) gods, his lord: Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, governor of Ur, (5) who provides for Eridu, built Eanšar, his royal abode.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 2017
(1) (For) the god Nanna, king of the Enlil (circle of) gods, his lord: Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, viceroy of Ur, (5) who provides for Eridu, built Ešaduga, the abode of his Enlilship.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 2018
(1) (For) the god Nanna, king of the Enlil (circle of) gods, his lord: Sîn-balāssu-iqbi, governor of Ur, (5) who provides for Eridu, built Eašanamar, the abode of the god Enlil.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 202
Attests Aššurbanipal's invocation of Aššur and Ištar as divine weapons-bearers in his Elamite campaigns, linking royal military ideology to the goddess's martial persona in mid-7th-century Assyrian royal rhetoric.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 203
Dedicates military victories over the Elamite king Tammarītu and the rebel Šamaš-šuma-ukīn to Ištar of Egašankalam, anchoring Ashurbanipal's civil-war propaganda within her cult.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 204
Chronicles the internal Elamite revolts — servants turning on Tammarītu, Ḫumban-ḫaltaš, and their royal kin — that Ashurbanipal credited to Ištar's intervention during the Assyro-Elamite wars of the 650s BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 205
Names Tammarītu and four Elamite kings alongside eighty-eight nobles who fled or were captured, giving the densest surviving prosopography of the Elamite royal house in its final decades before Assyrian destruction.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 206
Dedicates a musukkannu-wood object with silver mountings before Ištar, documenting Ashurbanipal's material patronage of her cult and the royal titulary linking Assyrian kingship to Sumer and Akkad.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 207
Preserves Ashurbanipal's justification for the Assyrian campaigns into Egypt, framing Taharqa's seizure of the Nile Delta as impious defiance of Aššur — a rare royal-inscription account of the 660s BCE Assyro-Egyptian conflict.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 209
(1) [For the goddess Ni]ngal, who makes life pleasant, goddess worthy of pra[ise], mother of the gods, the hero[ic one, the] gracious [wil]d cow, who(se) face is ra[diant, who(se)] featu[res] always shine brightly [l]ike daylight, (5) wi[f]e of the divine light (Sîn) — foremost lord, resplendent one, light of the distan[t] heavens — who bore the god Šamaš — the one who lights up the four quarters (of the world), who(se) judgement and decision are final ... — who intercedes for the light of the gods, her beloved, the god S[în], who gives counsel (and) says favorable thing(s) to the god Šamaš,…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 210
Hymn to Nusku as divine judge and fire-deity records the Sargonid theology linking celestial fire, legal authority, and ritual purification — showing how Assyrian kingship anchored its jurisprudence in divine cosmic order.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 211
Hymns Nusku as supreme judge and divine fire who 'burns up evil ones' — preserving Sargonid theology in which the lamp-god's judicial and purifying roles underwrite royal legitimacy.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 212
Attests Ashurbanipal's devotion to the moon-god Sîn at Ḥarrān and his self-presentation as upholder of civic privileges — evidence of late Sargonid royal ideology binding northern cult centres to Assyrian kingship.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 214
Hymn to Nusku as supreme judge and fire-god attests the Sargonid court's theological alignment of divine justice with the purifying power of flame, linking priestly, legal, and royal authority in a single dedicatory formula.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 215
Records Ashurbanipal's gilding of Marduk's canopy and chariot with thirty-four talents of gold — concrete evidence of Assyrian royal investment in Babylonian cult as a tool of political legitimation.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 216
Hymnic praise of a Sargonid king as cosmic mediator — one whose word cannot be changed and without whom no judgement is rendered — fusing royal ideology with the judicial authority of Šamaš.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 217
Ashurbanipal's account of sacking Elam (~646 BCE): the deliberate destruction of temples, secret groves, and royal tombs attests the ideological use of sacral desecration as a weapon of imperial subjugation.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 219
Records Ashurbanipal's gold-clad renovation of Marduk's canopy and throne-dais in Babylon, documenting Assyrian investment in Babylonian cult as a deliberate tool of imperial legitimation.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 220
Lacuna of about 5 or 6 lines (i 1') [governor of B]abylon, king of [the land of Sumer and Akkad; grands]on of Sennacherib, [great] kin[g, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; de]scen[da]nt of Sargon (II), gre[at] king, [strong king, king of the world, king of Assyri]a, [governo]r of Babylon, king of the land of S[umer and Akkad] — (i 5') [(The god) Aššur], the father of the gods, [determined] a roya[l] destiny [as my lot] (while I was) in my mother’s womb; [the goddess Mul]lissu, the great mother, nominate[d me] for ruling over the land and people; [the god] Ea (and) (the goddess)…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 221
Preserves Ashurbanipal's petition to Šamaš, Adad, Nabû, and Marduk to designate his successor by divine oracle — direct evidence that late Sargonid succession was framed as a matter of celestial appointment, not dynastic right alone.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 222
Records Ashurbanipal's completion and gilding of Eḫursaggalkurkurra at Aššur, anchoring the temple's mid-7th-century renovation to a named Sargonid king and his building piety toward Marduk and Aššur alike.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 223
Columns i and ii are not edited here iii 1´–35´ The inscription of Sennacherib and measurements and descriptions of Zarpanītu’s bed and Marduk’s throne are not edited here (iii 36') Wording (of the inscription) that was erased from the bed (and) the throne of the god Bēl (Marduk), which were deposited in the temple of (the god) Aššur, (and that of the inscription) written upon (them) in the name of Ashurbanipal. Simānu (III), the twenty-seventh day, eponymy of Awiānu (655) , th[ey were returned t]o Ba[byl]on [(...)]. (iv 1') [...] ... [...] ... [..., O l]ord, being furious (and) relenting,…
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 224
Ashurbanipal's hymnic praise of Marduk — invoking his mastery over the Igīgū and Anunnakū — attests Assyrian kings publicly venerating the chief Babylonian deity, a theological diplomacy central to their claim over the south.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 225
Catalogs Marduk's epithets — cosmic judge, holder of heaven's bond, destroyer of the wicked — showing how a 7th-century Assyrian king legitimized power by publicly honoring Babylon's chief god.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 226
Attests Ashurbanipal's direct-speech divine assurance — 'Do not fear, I myself will come to your aid' — the same royal-reassurance formula that recurs in Neo-Assyrian prophecies, linking monumental inscription to oracular tradition.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 227
Dedicatory hymn to Nergal at his cult-seat Emeslam in Cutha, preserving Sargonid royal theology of the plague-god as protector of the obedient king against disease and enemy armies.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 229
Claims Ashurbanipal personally mastered 'all of the scribal arts' — a rare royal self-presentation as literate scholar that underlies his systematic collection of texts at Nineveh.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 230
Records Ashurbanipal's restoration of Emeslam — the temple of Nergal at Cutha — including bricks molded in ebony and musukkanu-wood and scented with crushed aromatics: a concrete window into Sargonid sacred construction ritual.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 231
Equates Babylon with the zodiacal Crab constellation while describing Ashurbanipal's restoration of its tottering foundations — linking Assyrian royal ideology to celestial geography in a rare astro-theological framing of conquest and clemency.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 232
Asserts Ashurbanipal's personal mastery of the scribal arts as a divine gift — one of the clearest royal claims to literacy in the ancient Near East, legitimising his famous library-building programme at Nineveh.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 233
Claims Assyrian sovereignty over territory reached by a journey of 'one month and twenty days into the midst of the sea' — among the most expansive geographical boasts in the surviving Sargonid royal corpus.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 234
Chronicles Ashurbanipal's repeated installation and removal of Elamite client-kings — Ḫumban-nikaš II, Tammarītu, Ḫumban-ḫaltaš III — documenting Assyrian mechanisms for controlling Elam through dynastic manipulation rather than outright annexation.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 235
Records Ashurbanipal's sack of Susa and the return of the goddess Nanāya to Eanna after her long Elamite 'captivity' — linking military conquest to the restoration of Babylonian cult.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 236
Attests Nanāya, Uṣur-amāssa, and Urkayītu as divine guarantors of royal legitimacy at Uruk — preserving a local theological formula for kingship otherwise scarcely documented in Sargonid inscriptions.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 237
One of the composite royal inscriptions of Ashurbanipal preserved across multiple manuscript witnesses, attesting the Sargonid titulary 'king of Sumer and Akkad' as a living ideological claim to Babylonian sovereignty.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 238
Records Ashurbanipal's military intervention against a ruler of Qirbit who refused submission — one of the few inscriptions attesting Assyrian punitive campaigns into the Kassite borderlands during his reign.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 239
Preserves Ashurbanipal's three-generation dynastic lineage — son of Esarhaddon, grandson of Sennacherib — a formulaic claim that anchored Sargonid legitimacy in royal inscriptions of the mid-seventh century BCE.
LawReligion & Myth
Ashurbanipal 240
Names Urtaku and Ummanigaš — the Elamite king and his brother whose rivalry Assyria exploited — placing this inscription among the direct royal accounts of Ashurbanipal's Elamite campaigns.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 241
(1) For the god Marduk, king of all the Igīgū gods and Anunnakū gods, creator of heaven and netherworld, who establishes archetypes (and) dwells in Esagil, lord of Babylon, great lord, my lord: (3) I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world); son of Esarhaddon, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad, who (re)settled Babylon, (re)built Esagil, renovated the sanctuaries of all the cult centers, constantly established appropriate procedures in…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 242
(1) Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), king of kings, ruler who has no rival; son of Esarhaddon, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, (5) governor of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad; grandson of Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, I — (7b) During my reign, the great lord, the god Marduk, who during the reign of a previous king had resided in Baltil (Aššur) in the presence of the father who had created him, (10) entered Babylon amidst…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 243
(1) Ashurbanipal, [great] king, [mighty king, king of the world], king of Assyria, king of the [four] quarters (of the world), [king of kings], ruler who has no rival, who rules from [the Upper Sea to the] Lower [Sea] and [who made] all [rulers bow down at his feet]; (5) son of Esarhaddon, [great] king, [(mighty king), (king of the world), (king of Assyria), (governor of Babylon)], king of the land of Sumer and Akkad; [grand]son of [Sennacherib, (great king), mighty king], king of the world, king of Assyria, I — (7b) [I completed the work on Esagil] which (my) father who had engendered me had…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 244
(1) Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), king of kings, ruler who has no rival, who rules from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea and who made all rulers bow down at his feet; (5) son of Esarhaddon, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad; grandson of Sennacherib, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, I — (8) I completed the work on Esagil which (my) father who had engendered me had not finished. I (re)confirmed the regular…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 245
(1) Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), king of kings, ruler who has no rival, who rules from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea and who made all rulers bow down at his feet; (5) son of Esarhaddon, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad; grandson of Sennacherib, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, I — (8) I completed the work on Esagil which (my) father who had engendered me had not finished. I (re)confirmed the regular…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 246
(1) I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), king of kings, ruler who has no rival, who by the command of the gods Aššur, Šamaš, and Marduk rules from the Upper Sea (10) to the Lower Sea and who made all rulers bow down at his feet, who provides for Esagil, the palace of the gods — whose doorbolt I made glisten like the stars (lit. “writing”) of the firmament —, who repaired the damaged parts of all their sanctuaries, (who) established (my) protection over all cult centers, whose deeds are pleasing to all the gods…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 250
(1) [For] the god Marduk, his lord: Ashur[banipal], son of Esarhaddon, king of the world (and) [king of Assyria had] baked bricks [made] anew for Etemena[nki].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 253
(1) To the god Nabû, the powerful heir [... h]ero of the gods, eminent, exalted, splendid, scribe of Esagil, f[oremost] son, [...], who bears the tablet of the fates of the gods, who controls the omens, prince of the g[reat] gods, [(...) the one who directs the Igīgū and] Anunnakū gods, who gives advice to the gods of heaven (and) netherworld, powerful ... [...] whose weapons cannot be equaled, (5) firstborn son of the god Asari (Marduk), offspring of the goddess [Erua (Zarpanītu), ...] whose lordship is supreme, who dwells in Ezida — the proper temple — lord of Borsi[ppa — the] awesome [cult…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 254
(1) I, Ashurbanipal, great [kin]g, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), king of kings, ruler who has no rival, who by the command of the gods Aššur, Šamaš, (5) and Marduk rules from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea and who made all rulers bow down at his feet, [who provi]des for Esagil, the palace of the gods — [who]se [doorbo]lt I made glisten like the stars (lit. “writing”) of the firmament — who repaired the damaged parts (10) of all their sanctuaries, (who) established (my) protection over all cult centers, the one who[se] deeds are…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 255
(1) ... [...] in Esagi[l ...]. When that light [...] the good of Ashurbanipal, king of the land[s ...]. Let him daily ... [(...)].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 256
(1) For the god Enlil, [(...) his lord] Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of [Assyria, (...)] king of the four quarters (of the world), had (this) [(...)] built for the sake of his life.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 257
(1) For the god Nergal, mightiest of the gods, most overpowering of the gods, the supreme, perfect, (and) noble sovereign of his brother(s), the one who dwells in (the temple) Ešaḫula, the lord of Sirara, his lord: (3b) Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; son of Esarhaddon, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, (5) king of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad; grandson of Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of the world, (who was) also king of Assyria — (7b) In order to ensure his good health, he enlarged the courtyard of (the temple) Ešaḫula with baked bricks from a (ritually) pure kiln and made its processional way shine like daylight.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 258
(1) For the god Enlil, king of the gods, lord of heaven and netherworld, prince [...], one who renders decisions, who[se order] cannot be changed, foremost of the Igīgū gods, hero of the Anunnakū gods, who ru[les ...], one who holds the lead-rope of every(one), one who makes [opposing forces] agr[ee], lord of the lands, wisest of the gods, one who dwells in Ekur which is inside [Nippur, (the great lord), his lord]: (6) Ash[ur]b[ani]p[al, great king], strong [kin]g, king of the wor[ld, king of Assyria, ... king who has no] equal [in all] the lands; [son of Esarhaddon, great king], strong…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 259
(1) For the god Enlil, lord of the lands, his lord: Ashurbanipal, (5) his obedient shepherd, mighty king, king of the four quarters (of the world), (re)built Ekur, his beloved temple, with baked bricks.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 261
(1) For the god Enlil, king of the gods, sovereign of heaven (and) netherworld, prince (who decides) the fates, (5) his lord: Ashurbanipal, his obedient shepherd, mighty king, king of the world, skillfully (re)built (10) with baked bricks ... within Eḫursaggalama, his ancient royal cella.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 262
(1) Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the world), king of kings, ruler who has no rival, who by the command of the gods, his helpers, rules from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea and who made all rulers bow down at his feet; son of Esarhaddon, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, (5) king of the land of Sumer and Akkad, who (re)settled Babylon, (re)built Esagil, renovated the sanctuaries of all the cult centers, constantly established appropriate procedures in them, and…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 263
(1) For the goddess Ištar of Uruk, sovereign of heaven and netherworld, most powerful of the gods, exalted one, who executes the command she gives in the east and in the west, the fierce goddess of battle who whirls around in the melee like a dust storm, who marches at the side of the king, her favorite, (and) slays his foes, (5) mistress of the lands, who has gathered to herself (all) divine offices (and) administers correctly all purification rites, who dwells in Enirgalanim — which is inside Eanna — great lady, his lady: (7) Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 264
(1') [...] ... [...] pure [food offer]ings, anything ... set out before you. (2') [... m]e, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, the servant (who is) the favorite of your heart, [...] ... (and) the just shepherdship that you bestow at your command, [...] the preservation of (my) life ... [...] a [b]right spirit ... Grant ... as a gift, ... come to my aid and always stand in for me, kill m[y] enemy, (and) make the foundation of my royal throne as secure as a mountain for eternity. (r 5b) When this ceremonial wagon becomes dilapidated and old, may one of the kings, [my] descendants, restore its…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 265
(1') [At that time], I sought the (original) emplacement [of Edimgalkalama, (which is inside (the city) Dēr), the temple of Great Anu], the gr[eat] lord, [my lord, which had become old, ...] ... [I had (it) built anew] with the craf[t of the god Kulla, …, (and) ma]de (it) as high as a mountain. (3'b) On account of this, [may] Great Anu, the exalted lord, [look upon this] wor[k with pleasure]. Determine [for me — Ash]urbanipal, king of Assyria, the ruler who reveres you — as my fate a long life, fulln[ess of old age, good health, ha]ppiness, and a bright spirit. Make me stand [ov]er my…
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 266
(1) [For the goddess] Sutītu, his [la]dy: Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, presented (this object) for the sake of his [lif]e.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 267
(1) For the goddess Su[tītu], his lady: As[hurbanipal], king of Assyria, prese[nted] (this object) for the sake of his life.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 268
(1) [Palace of Ashurbani]pal, kin[g of Assyria].
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 269
(1) Palace of Ashurbanipal, grea[t] king, [strong king, kin]g of the world, king of Assyria.
LawReligion & MythAshurbanipal 270
(1) Palace of Ashurbanipal, [great king, stro]ng [king], king of the world, king of Assyria, son of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, son of Sennacherib, king of Assyria.
LawReligion & Myth
Aššur-etel-ilāni 02
Addresses Marduk as 'Enlil of the gods' and supreme arbiter of both Igīgū and Anunnakū — attesting the late Assyrian theological strategy of absorbing Babylonian divine supremacy into royal piety.
LawReligion & MythAššur-etel-ilāni 03
(1) For the god Marduk, supreme lord, exalted hero, lord of lords, exalted, wh(ose) figure is splendid (and who) is vastly superior to all of the (other) gods, bearer of the awe-inspiring, terrible radiance, clothed in splendor, (5) who drove [off] the god Kingu, defeated the angry sea, (and) overcame the evil ones, who dwells in Eešerke — which is inside Sippar-Aruru — great lord, his lord: (8) Aššur-etel-ilāni, king of the world (and) king of Assyria, son of Ashurbanipal, king of the world (and) king of Assyria, (10) had a scepter of red gold made which was (then) presented for his…
LawReligion & MythAššur-etel-ilāni 04
(1a) For the god Uraš, exalted lord, foremost of the great gods of E-ibbi-Anum — the shrine (which is) worthy of honor — great lord, his lord: (2b) Aššur-etel-ilāni, king of Assyria, who renovated the shrine(s) of the great gods, son of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, shepherd of the black-headed, renovated E-ibbi-Anum, the holy place which is inside Dilbat, the abode of the god Uraš and the goddess Ninegal. He built (it) anew with baked bricks, the craft of the god Baḫar and, with regard to the foundation of the well, he (re-)established its position just as (it had been) in ancient times.…
LawReligion & MythAššur-etel-ilāni 05
(1) For [the god Enlil, lord of the la]nds, his [lord: Aššu]r-etel-ilāni, (5) his obedient [shephe]rd, who provides for Nippur, supporter of Ekur, mighty king, king of the four quarters (of the world), (re)built (10) Ekur, his beloved temple with baked bricks.
LawReligion & MythAššur-etel-ilāni 06
(1) The tomb of Šamaš-ibni, the Dakkurian, upon whom Aššur-etel-ilāni, king of Assyria, had pity, brought from Assyria to Bīt-Dakkūri, his (own) country, and laid to rest in a tomb inside his home of Dūru-ša-Ladīni (“Fortress of Ladīnu”). (4) Whoever you are, whether governor or commander or judge or prince, who is appointed in the land, do not harm this tomb or (its) bone(s)! (But rather) look after its position (and) extend (your) good protection over it! For (doing) this, may the god Marduk, the great lord, lengthen your reign, establish his good protection over you, (and) bless your name,…
LawReligion & Myth