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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

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Page 1 / 36

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000002, ex. 188

Obverse 1 NAMEŠDA (the chief official) 1 NAM2 KAB (leader of KAB?) 1 NAM2 DI (leader of DI) 1 NAM2 NAM2 (leader of leaders) 1 NAM2 URU? (leader of the city?) 1 PA ŠE NAM2 (leader of barley / grain overseer) 1 NAM2 RAD (leader of RAD) 1 AB ME 1 GAL X (chief of ...) 1 EN? [...] 1 X [...] 1 X [...] 1 [...] 1 [...] Reverse [N] 1(N14) EN 2(N57) [E2 ...]

Writing & LiteratureDaily Life

~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000002, ex. 191

[...] 1(N58).BAD (a title) EN of IB [...] Linen envoy (GADA-SUKKAL) Chief (official) of cream (GAL-GARA2) Textile (official) of cream (TUG2-GARA2) [...] Chief (official) of the GIŠGAL Chief (official) of the ZATU737×DI Temple administrator (SANGA) of the ZATU737×X Temple administrator (SANGA) of the ZATU737×X ZATU725(?) Spouse (DAM)(?)

Writing & LiteratureDaily Life

~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000003, ex. 034

1 NAM2-official [...] 1 chief of the pigs 1 NAM2-official of the plow 1 chief [...] 1 chief of the SZAB 1 PA, NAM2-official [...] 1 AB-[...] 1 chief [...]

Writing & LiteratureDaily Life

~2800 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MS 1952/37

(obverse, single column; sign-groups without numerals — an archaic text of uncertain genre, rendered sign by sign) 1. Fish ... TU ("born"?) 2. NAM2 NAM2 (a doubled title/category sign) 3. NAM2(?) — dagger (GIR2) 4. Delivered(?) (DU) — AN — water (A) 5. Yoke(?) (ŠUDUN) — RI 6. Yoke(?) (ŠUDUN) — dagger (GIR2) 7. ... — water (A) — NI 8. Fire(?) (NE) — day (U4) — RA 9. NI — RA 10. ŠE3 — BU 11. Day (U4) — builder/mason (ŠIDIM) — foot(?) (GIR3, damaged) 12. To carry(?) (IL) — left(-hand)(?) (GUB3) — ... 13. ... — (an archaic sign of unidentified value) — dog(?) (UR) — NI — to sit(?) (DUR2) 14. Mixed…

Religion & MythDaily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

CDLI Literary 006205, ex. 010

(Beginning destroyed) 1. [...] nanny-goat ... 2. [...] has no place(?) 3. [...] ... place ... has no ... 4. [...] the pig(?) [...] has no ... 5. [... ...] ... 6. no cream(?) 7. no ... 8. no fish roe 9. ... [...] 10. ... [...] 11. ... [... ...]

Religion & MythDaily Life

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

CUSAS 32, 002

Incantation formula: [… snake?] of the night, the Abzu […] Venom comes forth — its substance is apportioned in the mouth. The mouth, its inner chamber, is made to attain (its aim). The snake coils; the great serpent (ušumgal) coils. The speckled field … (two unread compound signs) … [ … ] … … … The snake stretches out its mouth against me; with their tongues they fill me with fine threads. The snake, its mouth outstretched, … (unread) … let it not … (Colophon) The temple administrator (sanga) Ur-gibil, the scribe, [wrote (this)].

Religion & Myth

~2550 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

CUSAS 35, 028

1 (person): Ur-Ninmug; 1 (person): Ur-šerda — Adab: they are resident (there). He-su-be'a, Ašlum, Iritum — they are the ...-men (šu-x-DU-NI-meš).

Daily LifeEconomy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

ASJ 16, 043-046 Barton Cylinder

Obverse (surface a) Col. i 1. In [th]ose [days], in those very days, 2. so it was; 3. in those nights, in those very nights, 4. so it was; 5. in those years, in those very years, 6. so it was. 7. The storm roared, 8. the lightning flashed. 9. In the sanctuary of Nippur 10. the storm roared, 11. the lightning flashed. 12. Heaven (An), with Earth 13. held converse; 14. Earth (Ki), with Heaven, held converse. (rest broken) Col. ii 1. [Igizigal-an]na, 2. the elder sister of Enlil,

Religion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

CDLI Lexical 000003, ex. 011

šuš-official pa-nam-šita official lustration priest of the shrine chief ... en-priest of IB chief of the šita (priests) abgal (sage) kingal (overseer) tiru official [...] sukkal (envoy) [...] ... stone ... ti ... na [...]

Writing & LiteratureDaily Life

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

DP 064

1 ram — (for) Nin-[dar]; 1 sheep — (for) Nin-[MUŠ₃]-bar(?); 1 sheep — (for) Nin-[MAR.KI]. [When(?) Nindar(?)] [was brought into] his new [temple], [Bara]-namtara, wife of Lugal-anda, ruler [of Lagash], performed the offering. (reverse) Sheep consumed. Enku, the fattener. (Year) 2.

EconomyReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

DP 285

10 tar-fish(?), 1 load of gur-fish(?), 3 loads of ubi-fish, 3 carrying-crates of salt, 2 reed baskets of sea-spawn (small sea fish), — fish (brought in) baskets for the malt-eating festival of Nanshe — Gala-tur, the anointed (gudu-)priest of A-duna, brought (this). 1st (year).

EconomyReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

DP 287

(obverse) [x] tar-fish, 480 (8 × 60) ubi-fish: (from) Lugal-ša; it is what was brought out (in settlement) of the arrears owed to the (offering) table. 20 tar-fish, 420 (7 × 60) ubi-fish, 60 kimu-fish: (from) Ne-sag; they are fish of the basket-duty (dusu-obligation). (reverse) En-iggal, the overseer, in the [month] of the Festival of Malt-Eating of Nanshe, into the house built (as) the E-bar of Gilgamesh (Bil-aga-mes), delivered (them). (Year) 2.

EconomyReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 150

1 sheep, bar-nigin2 (portion/category) — (for) Ningirsu. 1 sheep, bar-nigin2 — (for) Baba. At the malt-eating festival of Ningirsu: Sasage — allotted (it) (lit. "struck the wood"). Sheep consumed. Ur-du6, the chief herdsman (šuš3) — total: 1.

EconomyReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.09.04.14, ex. 08

(First copy) [... For the goddess Inanna, Enannatum,] ruler of Lagash, fashioned KIB-objects for her, (and) for the Eanna he declared (dedicated) them to her. (Second copy, duplicate) [... the ruler] of Lagash fashioned KIB-objects for her, (and) for the Eanna he declared (dedicated) them to her.

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.12.06.02, ex. add04

(Obverse) ... the prayer gathered in the heart which was spoken to him, which came to him — Giššakidu, the beloved shepherd, the beloved friend of Ištaran, the mighty ruler of Enlil, the king called by name by Inanna, constructed that (boundary) levee. (Reverse uninscribed/eroded)

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.14.01, ex. 05

[When En]lil [truly] called him, and joined for him the en-ship together with the kingship, in Uruk he exercises the en-ship, in Ur he exercises the kingship — Lugal-ki[gine]-du[du], with great [joy ...] (remainder broken)

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.14.01, ex. 09

For Enlil, king of all the lands, Lugal-kigine-[dudu] — when Enlil spoke truly to him (i.e., truly summoned him), and joined for him the en-ship [together with] the kingship — in [Uruk] [the en-ship (he exercised)]; [for his life] [he] dedicated (this vessel) [to him].

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.14.01, ex. 15

For Enlil, king of all the lands — for Lugal-kigine-dudu: when Enlil truly summoned him (called to him with a faithful voice), and the lordship (en-ship) together with the kingship he combined for him — in Uruk the lordship he exercises, and in Ur the kingship he exercises. Lugal-kigi[ne-dudu ...] (the text breaks off here; the remainder of the dedication is lost on this exemplar)

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.20.01, ex. 04

(beginning lost) [...] may he (Enlil) look upon me [favorably]; the good fate (which the gods have decreed for me) — may they never alter it for me. May I forever be the foremost shepherd, standing at the head. Forever may [I be so]. For his life, to Enlil, his beloved king, he dedicated [this vessel].

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.20.01, ex. 10

(Beginning lost) [... lumaḫ-priest of the goddess] Nisaba, fed wholesome milk by Ninhursag, man of (the god) Mes-sanga-unug, attendant raised [by] Ningirim, the mistress of Uruk, chief steward of the gods — when Enlil, king of all the lands, (to) Lugalzagesi [gave the kingship of the Land ... (text breaks off)]

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.20.01, ex. 13

(vessel fragment; beginnings of all lines lost) [...] of [...], the exalted [...], for the [...]s, [when] Enlil, king of all the lands, to Lugalzagesi the [king]ship of the Land had [gi]ven, [and the eyes(?)] of the Land [he had directed toward him] ...

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.20.01, ex. 34

(Break) [... (Enlil, king of all the lands,) ...] the eyes of the land he directed toward him, all the foreign lands at his feet he placed, and from sunrise (the east) [to sunset (the west) he made them submit to him ...] (Break) ... [the s]ea(?) [...] king(?) [...] (Break)

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.20.01, ex. 42

[nom]inated by name by the god Utu, chief minister of the god Suen — (before whom) the throne-holders of Sumer (and) the rulers of all the lands at Uru[k submitted to his princely authority] — ... [(the god Enlil,)] king of all the lands, to An, his beloved father, [may he speak his prayer(?)] [...] (remainder broken)

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.20.01, ex. 43

(Break) [... looked] upon [truly] by [An], king of all the lands; chief ruler for [the god] Enlil; given wisdom by [the god] En[ki]; (Break) he raised [the head of Ur heavenward] (lit. "he raised up"); Larsa, the beloved city of Utu, he made rise in jubilation — he [...] (text breaks off)

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.20.01, ex. 44

(Fragment of a longer titulary and dedication; preserved portion:) grand ruler (ensi) of [the god En]lil, given [wisdom by the god Enki], [... the nation, in joy,] made merry under him, the sovereigns (lit. 'thrones') of Sumer (and) the rulers of all the lands at Uruk [bowed down] to the divine powers of prince[ship] [...] (remainder lost)

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.20.01, ex. 47

(beginning broken) [... beloved of the god Utu(?)] ... [...] with rejoicing [made merry] under him, [Umma], verily raised [its] horn [aloft]. (gap — intervening text lost) May the Land upon a fair place look, under me! The good fate which [they (An and Enlil)] have de[termined for me ...] (remainder broken)

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.20.01, ex. 49

(beginning broken) [... he] set [it (all the lands at his feet)], from [the] rising of the sun (the east) to the setting of the sun (the west), he made (them) subject to him. At that time, [from the] Sea (the [Lower] Sea), from the [lower(?)] ..., Umma, the city [...], [of the god] Šara [...] (remainder broken)

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.20.01, ex. 53

(beginning broken) [For Enlil, king of all the] lands(?), [Lugal]zagesi, king of Uruk, king of the Land [(kalam)], [išib-priest] of An, [...] (Break) at (his) feet [he laid the foreign lands(?)], he directed straight [the eyes of the Land toward him(?)], [from] the rising of the sun [...], [to] the setting of the sun [...], [En-... (Enlil? / lord ...)] (remainder broken)

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.14.20.01, ex. 70

[... (cared for by the goddess Nin)]girima, mistress of Uruk, chief steward for the [god]s, [... En]lil ... [...] Larsa, the beloved city of Utu, [raised a cry of] jubilation.

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

RIME 1.15.add036.01, ex. 01

(Beginning broken) [...] [...] ... (trace) [...]-... (trace) [...] ... (trace) [...] ... (trace) ... [...] 70 (units of) barley [...] from the ...-goods, delivered [...] 2 shekels of silver, 2 (gur) 2 barig of barley, received (by the lid₂-ga measure), [n] + 10 [...] ...-goods [...] (Remainder broken)

Writing & LiteratureReligion & Myth

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

TMH 05, 065

67½ nindan, the long side (length), the short side (width): (so that the area is) 1 iku of field. (Result:) 1 nindan, 5 cubits, 2 šu-du-a (spans), 3 fingers and ⅓ finger. Il-il (?).

Astronomy & Mathematics

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0695

Obverse 1. 9 (literally 10 minus 1) nisqu 2. 27 (literally 30 minus 3) ša-du 3. foreman: Enlila. 4. 1 ma-šada boat; 5. [1] ma-sag boat, AN x [...] (Break: bottom edge damaged) Reverse 1'. [...] 2'. [...] says: 3'. to Lugalmu 4'. speak! 5'. Let him give (it) to him. (remainder of reverse uninscribed)

Daily LifeEconomy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0830

Obverse 1. To my lord: 2. thus (says) 3. Mezi: 4. 20 bur of field, last year(?), 5. my king 6. gave to him. 7. He did not confirm (it). 8. Because he looked into it, 9. for the sake of its restitution, Reverse (division inferred from the photo) 10. if [......] 11. my king [......] 12. year [......] 13. its barley, 5(?) [...... gur], 14. let me re[pay(?)].

Daily LifeEconomy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0846

Obverse 1. [10] gur of barley, (by the) standard (gur measure), 2. [regular offerings] of the gods, 3. brought to the shrine (?). 4. 2 gur of barley: 5. Sipa-anne, the cook. 6. 1 barig 3 ban 5 sila (of barley for) ducklings: 7. Ur-zigumma, the scribe, 8. (and?) Lugal-magure. 9. 2 ban of dabin-flour: Zuzu. Reverse 10. Total: 12 gur 3 barig 4 ban of barley, gur, 3 ban 5 sila, (by the) standard (measure): 11. issued. 12. En-anatum.

EconomyReligion & Myth

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0865

Obverse 1. [2] gur 1 barig 2 ban 1/2 sila of dabin-flour: regular offerings (sa2-du11); 2. 3 ban less 2 sila of dabin-flour (zi3 dabin): 3. (for) the festival of the orchard (ezem nig2-kiri6). 4. [1] 1/2 sila of bread [......] dabin-flour: 5. (for) the NE-NE-gar (festival); 6. Igizi. Reverse 7. [Total]: 2 gur 1 barig 4 sila of dabin-flour, regular offerings; 8. [total]: 4 ban 4 sila of dabin-flour (zi3 dabin). 9. Expenditure by order (zi-ga inim-ma). 10. [Month of Du]ku.

EconomyReligion & Myth

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0874

Obverse 1. The one who looks upon (?) 2. — say to him! — 3. the people of the land, 4. beloved of Dingirmah, 5. beloved of Ašgi, 6. Šar-kali-šarri: 7. [......] 8. [......] (Reverse) 9. [......] donkey(?) [......] ... [......] gave(?). 10. I have no irrigated land. 11. May he give me some irrigated land!

Daily LifeEconomy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0885 + 1062

Obverse 1. What Lugal-geš 2. says, 3. to Lugal-maškim 4. [s]ay: 5. "The man, my messen[g]er: 6. someone killed (him). 7. Its matter [......] let [......] Reverse 8. to the [Ki-babbar] 9. let him transfer (it)."

Daily LifeEconomy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0965 + 1016-1

Obverse 1. [n gur of] emmer, (by the) large gur, 2. [PN]-tu; 3. 2 barig: Atu; 4. [n]: Lalla. 5. Total: 4 gur 2 barig of emmer, (by the) large gur, 6. [for the regular off]erings of the gods. 7. Enlil, the scribe, 8. received (it). 9. Month: Še-sag-saga.

EconomyReligion & Myth

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1095

Month of the harvest: 5 days have passed; the [sar] for the threshing (gaz) has been done. 10 days have passed; the barley has been harvested. 15 days: its second (stage), the field is confirmed.

EconomyDaily Life

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Anonymous 271226

1. 2 female workers: 1 barig (of barley each); 2. 1 girl: 2 ban; 3. overseer: Mama-ummi. 4. 1 ... died; 5. 1 female worker fled; 6. overseer: Dar. 7. 2 female workers; 8. overseer: Nin-girgal. 9. 1 female worker fled; 10. overseer: ... [...] 11. [...] (rest broken)

EconomyDaily Life

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

BuB 1, 203-208

(1) Thus (says) Naṣrum (2) to ŠEŠ.ŠEŠ-abi: (3–4) Barley for seed — (5) KI(?) 6 gur of barley — (6) to Puzur-ḫarim (7) let him give. (8) And 1/2 mina of silver (9) Puzur-ḫarim (10) will bring to him. (11) Its price (in) barley (12) let him give him.

Daily LifeEconomy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CUSAS 20, 037

Obverse(?) 1. 7 minas of flax (fibre), 2. 2 gurdub-baskets of SUMASZ@g garlic — 3. (these) are on hand. 4. 3 ban of small peas(?), 5. 1 ban of cumin: 6. to Ur-Lulu 7. Adda 8. has sent (them). 9. To Ur-Lulu 10. speak: 11. Adda 12. says: 13. "Lu-gid 14. let him send back!"

EconomyDaily Life

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CUSAS 26, 247

1. [n] (vessel(s)) of drinking beer, 1 jug (for) the road: 2. Enne-ne. 3. 2 ban of bread, 5 sila of pea flour, 4. 1 (vessel) of drinking beer, 1 jug (for) the road: 5. Ur-ganungal.

EconomyDaily Life

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CUSAS 27, 058

1. Thus (says) 2. Isu-ilum, 3. the chief scribe, 4. to Šu-ilissu: 5. Concerning(?) the field of the ereš-dingir priestess 6. and the seized (persons/property) — 7. their case 8. let it be settled(?); 9. and whatever 10. ...(?) 11. they carried off, 12. let him make (them) hand (it) over.

Daily LifeEconomy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CUSAS 27, 060

1. Thus (says) 2. Šu-Mama 3. to Šu-ilīsu: 4. To the slave-woman and the slave 5. 2 barig of barley, 1 barig of fish, 6. (and) [2] sila of lard 7. let him give. 8. I myself, 9. when I come, 10. will repay(?) it to him. 11. He must not withhold (it). 12. Who is like (my) brother?

Daily LifeEconomy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CUSAS 27, 071

1. Thus (says) 2. Ur-Ištaran 3. to Zuzu: 4. 1 gur 3 barig of barley 5. which from 6. Bazizi 7. Sulumsu-saga 8. received — 9. to Buzuzu 10. and Ur-ur 11. let him give (it). 12. He has nothing (even) for the riding-donkey.

Daily LifeEconomy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CUSAS 27, 072

1. Thus (says) 2. Dagan-[...]-dali-[...]: 3. To Kal-ilē 4. I wrote, but 5. they have not ...ed(?) to me 6. [......] 7. [......] 8. ... [...] let him send here to me; 9. may Ga-[...]-šarrum(?) 10. reach me here. 11. With(?) [...] ... [...] 12. The matter, and whatever (there is) — 13. (even if) there is no tablet(?), send (word) here to me.

Daily Life

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

CUSAS 35, 268

1. Lugal-amu 2. (is who) speaks: 3. to my brother 4. say (this): 5. 1 — the merchant, 6. 1 — Ur-ešpeš: 7. servants of the king [they are]. 8. In Lagash 9. they are dwelling. 10. May he give them to you.

Daily LifeEconomy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

FAOS 19, pl. 9, Ki 2

1. Thus (says) 2. Eštar-balik 3. to Dabibi: 4. Eštar-tukultī, 5. the fowler — 6. Ḫarim-bēlī, 7. the commissioner, 8. has seized (him). 9. The tablet concerning 10. his sustenance-allotment 11. may the gentleman 12. grant to me; 13. and the tablet — I have given (it) to him(?); 14. and let Ilšu-aḫa 15. come here!

Daily LifeEconomy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

FAOS 19, pl. 9, Ki 4

1. Thus (says) 2. Warassuni 3. to Tašmatum: 4. "1 (man): Warad-ebum, 5. and 1 (man): Bilalum — 6. they are fugitives. 7. If 8. they come to you, 9. seize them!"

Daily LifeEconomy