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Page 7 / 33

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 45

1. 2(N39~a) 1(N24), LA2(?) SA~a 2. 2(N39~a) 1(N24), MUD BULUG3 3. 2(N39~a) 1(N24), 3(N57) NANNA~a BULUG3 4. 2(N39~a) 1(N24), MUSZEN NUNUZ~a1 [...] (Reverse: uninscribed)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 46

(Obverse) [...] 1(N14) [...] , NAMEŠDA [...] 2(N45) 2(N14) [...] , barley (ŠE~a) [...] [...] 3(N39~a) [...] [...] 1(N39~a)(?) [...] , [...] , [...] (Reverse) [...] , [...] MUŠ3~a [...] , GU7 ("consumed/disbursed") , [...] BAR

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 48

(Obverse, broken at top) [...] 1(N24) [numeral-unit], 'the Land' (KALAM) [...] PA-sign (overseer/ration-mark?) [...] 1(N39~a) [numeral-unit], [...] NAGA (a plant/alkali substance?) [...], [...] woman/female worker (SAL) [...], consumed/disbursed (GU7) 1(N01) [numeral-unit], [illegible sign] woman/female worker (SAL) [...], barley (ŠE) consumed/disbursed (GU7) (closing line) [...] 1(N14) 1(N01) 1(N39~a) 1(N24) [totals], [...] consumed/disbursed (GU7)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 49

1(N34) 3(N14) — disbursed (ba), at/from (ki) [...] 1(N45) — homeland/land (kalam), malt (bulug₃), overseer-mark (pa) 7(N14) 3(N01) — malt (bulug₃) of Shuruppak 1(N45) — bird(-sign), barley (še) — reddish (si₄), oil/fat(?) (ni), bundle(?) (sa) 2(N34) 3(N01) — barley (še), (the) overseer (kingal)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 57

(Obverse) Line 1: [...] , [...] X (broken entry, sign not identifiable) Line 2: 4(N39) 1(N24) , jar(DUG) 1(N57) |3(N57).calf(AMAR)|(?) — [quantities N39=4, N24=1; commodity: a jar-vessel; a further notation of 1(N57) combined with the 'calf' sign, reading uncertain] Line 3: 2(N01) , given/deposited(RU) — water/A — measuring-reed(GI) [quantity 2(N01); an entry recording something 'given' or 'deposited', qualified by A and a reed/length-measure] Line 4: [...] , [...] X — MUSZ3 [broken entry ending in the sign MUSZ3, referent unclear] Line 5: 3(N39) 1(N28) , beer(KASZ) X [quantities N39=3, N28=1;…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 58

1. 2(N34) barley — (for) the lord (EN); delivered; place/locale (KI). 2. 1(N34) 2(N45) 4(N14) — oil(?) (NI); bundled/tied (SA). 3. 3(N14) — BU-plant(?)/small birds; small; bird (MUŠEN). 4. 5(N14) 5(N01) — DAR-(a)-A (a spotted/variegated commodity, reading uncertain). 5. 7(N14) 3(N01) — total: 1(N04) barley; the chief administrator (SANGA); ... (KU, aromatic/spice, ŠIM). 6. — disbursed (BA); reddish/processed (SI4). 7. 4(N34) 9(N14) 5(N01) barley — disbursed (BA); reddish/processed (SI4).

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 62

1. 2(N45) 7(N14) 1(N01) 1(N39~a) [units] — "great" TE 2. 1(N45) 2(N14) [units] — AB TE 3. 1(N45) 2(N14) [units] — TE, ZATU651×EN 4. — SI4 (reddish?), BA (disbursed), NI, SA 5. — KU, ŠIM

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 63

1. 1(N34) 3(N14) [numerical units] — GAL(great) TE 2. 1(N34) 2(N45) 4(N14) [numerical units] — GAL(great) SA 3. 7(N14)(?) [units] — EN SAL (a "lord/lady" and a woman/female person) 4. 8(N14) 1(N01) [units] — ZAG E2 ("border/boundary" of the house/storehouse) 5. 7(N14) [units] — KINGAL (an overseer/senior official title) 6. 5(N14) [units] — KINGAL 7. 3(N14) [units] — GAL(great) TE 8. 5(N01) [units] — GAL(great) SA 9. 3(N34) 2(N45) 8(N14) [units] — SZE (barley), KU, SZIM (aromatic/resin), SI4 (a reddish or processed commodity), NI (oil/fat?), SA

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 64

Obverse: 1(N34) 2(N45) 4(N14) , KINGAL — [a quantity, notated in the archaic numeral system] for the KINGAL ("great queen"/chief official) 8(N14) 1(N01) , ZAG BARA — a quantity for the ZAG-BARA (boundary/dais official, shrine-related) 7(N14) , EN SAL — a quantity for the EN (lord/priest) (and) SAL (woman/female worker) 1(N34) 3(N14) , GAL TE — a quantity for the GAL-TE ("great TE") SI4 BA NI SA — [commodity notation, no numeral preserved]: reddish (commodity), disbursed, oil(?), ... Reverse: 3(N34) 1(N45) 2(N14) 1(N01) , SZE KU SZIM SI4 BA NI SA — [total quantity]: barley, KU, aromatic/spice,…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 68

1. 2(N14) — PAP, NAM2, ERIM (total/supervisory marker, categorical designation, workers) 2. — GU7 [damaged] (consumed / rations disbursed) 3. — NIN, TUR3 [damaged] (lady/institution, [livestock] pen/enclosure) 4. 8(N14) — SZE (barley) 5. 4(N19) — 6. 1(N45) 2(N14) — SZE GAL, SANGA SANGA, TUR3, NIN, NUN, GU7 (barley, large [measure], temple administrator, temple administrator, pen/enclosure, lady, exalted [one/storehouse], consumed)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 69

[...] 5(N01) units, GU4 (ox/cattle) [...] 4(N01) units, KISZ (category label) [...] , [...] [...] , [...] DUG (jar?) [...] , [...] ZAG (side/boundary?) [...] 5(N14) units, [...] [...] , [...] , [...] SI (horn?) AN(?) GAL (great/large) |1(N58).BAD|

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 73

1(N14) [units]: barley — (the) byre — NIN (lady/mistress) 2(N14) [units]: barley — horn — TUN3 — 3(N57) [units]: wood — house 6(N19) [units]: house — byre — NIN (lady/mistress) 2(N04) [units]: URI3 (standard) — NAGAR (carpenter) — GAL (great) — SANGA (temple administrator) — SANGA (temple administrator) [...]: NIN (lady/mistress) — NAGAR(?) (carpenter?) — byre 1(N19) 3(N41) [units]: PAP — SANGA (temple administrator) 2(N04) 1(N41) [units]: A (water) — RU (given/deposited) — ZI 2(N04) 1(N41) [units]: SZU2 (hand) — SZITA2 (mace) 1(N04) [units]: DA — ZATU694 — BU — URU (city/settlement) — PA 1(N1…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 74

1(N14) [...] , [...] x 6(N14) , GU (flax/rope?) NA (unclear sign), great, temple-administrator, temple-administrator [...] , IB (unclear), PAP (supervisor/total marker) [...] 2(N45) 5(N14) , barley [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 76

(Case 1) [...] , [...] X (Case 2) 2(N14) , EN (lord/high official) — SZAGAN — SZE (barley) — SI (Case 3) , KALAM (the Land / institutional land) (Case 4) [...] , [...] (Case 5) , BAR(?) [...] (Case 6) , GAL (great) — SANGA — SANGA [...] (Case 7) 6(N14) , KALAM (the Land) — SZE (barley) — GU7 (consumed/rationed) — BAR (Case 8) , GAL (great) — SANGA — SANGA [...] (Case 9) , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 80

(Column/Line 1) 1(N14) 3(N01) , [broken sign] (Line 2) 1(N14) 1(N01) [......] , [......] (Line 3) 1(N14) [......] , [......] (Line 4) 1(N14) [......] , MEN~a [......] (Line 5) [......] , [......] NI~a SA~c (Line 6) , SAR~a KI ME~a (Line 7) [......] , [......]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 093

[Quantity: 6(N14) (break) 2(N01) 2(N39~a) 1(N24) 1(N30~a)] — barley [Quantity: 4(N19) 4(N41) 1(N24~b)] — purchase/exchange; distribution; NAGA — administrator; administrator; great — lord; place; reed

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 123

[...] | [...] 1(N30~c) | ABGAL — one [large unit]: sage / senior official 1(N24) | DUB~a E2~a — one [unit]: storehouse record(s) [...] 1(N30~c) | [commodity lost] 1(N01) | |DUG~b×HI| — one: mixed-[content] vessel 1(N30~c) | 2(N57)# SAL KU3~a — one [large unit]: [2?] female precious-metal [workers / silver items] 1(N24) | |HI×1(N57)| — one [unit]: [compound commodity, meaning uncertain] 1(N39~a) | TI@t GUG2 — one [medium unit]: TI-type grain product 1(N30~c) | PIRIG~b1 — one [large unit]: lion [product / designation] 1(N30~a) | [...] — one [unit]: [commodity lost] [...] 1(N05) 2(N42~a) 1(N30~a)…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CUSAS 01, 125

[...] — storehouse [...] — [damaged sign]; [compound] storehouse [with large N57 measure] 5 — large [mixed-]measure storehouse 6 — [mixed-]measure [units] 1 — jar of beer 1[?] — [...] 1 — [BULUG3 category] at [the] mound 1 — Tigris [area]; supervisor [...] — [...] [...] — [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 4, 60

2(N14): musicians (NAR) — [barley] 1(N14): barley — lord (EN~a), A 1(N14): barley — musicians (NAR) [quantity lost]: [barley] — supervisor (PAP~a) [1]: she-goat (UD5~a) 2: overseer/category (PA~a) [1]: [ZATU710, unidentified sign] — reed (GI) [3]: [SZU?] — female (SAL), supervisor (PAP~a) [2]: cow (AB2) — [returned / replacement (GI4~a)] 1: bull (GU4@g) — [BAR: disbursement / ration-portion] 1: supervisor (PAP~a) — [barley] [1(N14)] [5]: [barley] — total / in hand (SZU)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

CahDAFI 8, 95 16

[...], M377(#) M251(#) x x , [...] [...] , 1(N39B) M146(#) x , 1(N14) 2(N01) M387 M240 M096(#) , 1(N14) 3(N01) x x M218(#) M177~a(#) , 3(N01) x , [...]

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 201

Heading/rubric sign: M157 Entry 1: M319 M032 (commodity/category, sign M032 damaged) — 1(N14) 7(N01) Entry 2: M321~j — 1(N01) Entry 3: M321 (variant uncertain) — 2(N01) Entry 4: M005 — 4(N01) Entry 5: M376 — 1(N34) 3(N01) 1(N08) Entry 6: M310 (uncertain) M376 — 1(N14) 9(N01) Entry 7: M149~a — 9(N01) Entry 8: M381 (uncertain) M149~a — 2(N01) Entry 9: M218 M039~b (variant uncertain) — [no quantity preserved] (Reverse: uninscribed / blank)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 202

[Heading/classifier:] M175+M288 , M305+M111~c M264~a , 3(N01) M263~b [......] , [......] M002+M379 , 3(N39B) 2(N30C) M305+M324~c M264~a , 2(N01) M263~b , 2(N01) M297~b , 2(N39B) 2(N30C) M054(?) M264~a , 2(N01) M297 , 1(N39B) [...... M297] , [n] 1(N24) 1(N30C) Total: 1(N34)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 203

(Heading) M157 (Entries) M302(t?) M387 M009 M264(a1) : 2(N01) M297 : 2(N39B) M340 M372 M263(b) : 1(N01) M354(#) : 5(N01) M153 M388 M260(a) : 1(N01) M354 : 2(N01) M387(c) M388 : 1(N14) 8(N01) M266(b?) : 1(N14) 8(N01) |M036+1(N14)| : 1(N14) 8(N01) [x] M388 M228(b) |M296+M296| M057 M354 : 2(N01) M305 M388 M128(d#) M128(d#) M096(#) M354 : 5(N01) M387(ee) M057(a?) M354 : 5(N01) (Total) M288 : 1(N01) 3(N39B) 1(N24) 1(N34)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 205

(Heading sign) M157 M381(?) M124 M024~1 M004 M218 M297 M150~a : 1(N01) M102~d M318~a3 M371 M297 M150~a : 1(N01) M218 M259 M371 M223(#) M150~a : 1(N01) M124 M386~a M230 M096 M150~a : 1(N01) M297 M150~a : 4(N01)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 206

(Obverse) Line 1: [sign] M157, (heading / rubric sign, isolated) Line 2: M124 — M263 (variant 1) — M371 (damaged) — [sign], [break: quantity lost] Line 3: [break] — M024 (variant 1) — M033 (damaged) — M371, 1 (numeral: N39B) Line 4: M218 — M295 (variant y) — M218 — [break], [break: quantity lost] Line 5: [break] — M106+M288 (compound sign) — M066, 1 (numeral: N39B) Line 6: M009 (damaged) — M102 (variant d) — M004 — [sign], [break: quantity lost] (Reverse: no inscribed signs — bears the impression of a cylinder seal showing two registers of striding animals, likely part of the sealing that val…

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 207

(Column/line 1) [...], 1(N14) 1(N01) (2) M346 , 2(N01) (3) x M371 , 4(N01)#? (4) M346 , [...] (5) [...] M124#? M246~ca# M386~a# M066# , 3(N01) (6) M263~1 M387~ee# M066~a , 5(N01) (7) x x , 3(N01)# (8) M346 , 1(N01) [...] (9) [...] , 2(N14) [...] (10) M005~a? M348 , [...]

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 208

(Column/line 1) [......] M175, M218, M003 (variant c) , 2(N01) [units] M376 , [......] (Line 2) [......] M218 [damaged sign] , 1(N01) [unit] (Line 3) M218, M250 (variant ba), M386 (variant a), M240, M376 , 1(N01) [unit] (Line 4) M044 [......] , [......] (Line 5) M240, [damaged sign], M376 , 1(N01) [unit] (Line 6) [damaged sign], |M218+M099| (compound, damaged/uncertain), M240, M370, M376 , 1(N08A) [unit]

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 210

Line 1: M157 Line 2: M124 M338 M009 M288 — 3(N01) [...] Line 3: M320~f M320# — 2(N39B) 1(N24) Line 4: M218 M175 — 2(N01) Line 5: M387~ee [...] — [...] Line 6: M124 M009 M139 M295~a — 2(N39B) 1(N24) Line 7: [...] — [...] 1(N45) 6(N14) 1(N24) Line 8 (total?): |M218+M288|# M288 — 1(N45) 3(N14)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 211

(Line 1) [Sign] M157 (Line 2) [Sign compound] M157+X / M036+1(N14) — 4(N1@b) [numeral: 4 in the N1@b counting system] (Line 3) [Sign compound] M260+1(N14) — 1(N01@b) [numeral: 1 in the N01@b counting system] (Line 4) [Sign compound] M157+M131, [sign] M370(damaged/uncertain), [unreadable sign] — 2(N1@b) [numeral: 2 in the N1@b system] (Line 5) [Sign compound] M351+1(N14) — 1(N01@b) [numeral: 1 in the N01@b system] (Line 6) [Sign compound] M036+1(N14) — 9(N1@b) [numeral: 9 in the N1@b system] (Line 7) 1(N34) [single unit in the N34 counting system — likely a subtotal or terminal notation]

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 212

(Heading, isolated at top:) M157~a [Entry 1] M343 M388 M004 |M218+M101|(?) M371 M346 — quantity: 2(N14) 2(N01) [Entry 2] M139(?) M004 |M218+M101|(?) M371 — quantity: 9(N01) [Entry 3] M352~c M346 — quantity: 1(N14) 8(N01)(?) [Entry 4] M057~a1 M346 — quantity: 1(N14) 6(N01) [Entry 5] M346 — quantity: 6(N14) 5(N01) [Entry 6, final, quantity broken/absent:] M139

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 217

(Sign compound) |M218+M218| — [no numeral recorded; heading or classifying entry] M056(variant f) M288 — quantity: 1(N14) + 3(N01) (Sign compound) |M054+M384(variant i)+M054(variant i)| M365 — quantity: 5(N01) M111(variant e) — quantity: 4(N14) + 1(N01) + 3(N39B) M365 — quantity: 1(N14) + 3(N01) M075(variant g) — quantity: 1(N14) + 3(N01) M387(variant l) M348 — quantity: 1(N14) + 3(N01) [Total/closing entry] M056(variant f) M288 — quantity: 1(N45) + 1(N14, sign uncertain) + 3(N39B)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 220

M157 , (heading sign, standing alone) |M195+M038| |M218+M288| M288 , 1(N34) 9(N14) (compound-sign entry) (compound-sign entry) M288 — quantity: 1(N34) 9(N14) |M195+M038|#? |M218+M288| M288 , 1(N34) 1(N45) (compound-sign entry, uncertain reading) (compound-sign entry) M288 — quantity: 1(N34) 1(N45) |M195+M038|#? |M218+M288| M288 , 2(N34) 3(N14) 3(N01) (compound-sign entry, uncertain reading) (compound-sign entry) M288 — quantity: 2(N34) 3(N14) 3(N01) M218 , (sign, standing alone) M288 , 4(N34) 2(N45)# 2(N14) 3(N01) M288 — total quantity: 4(N34) 2(N45, uncertain) 2(N14) 3(N01)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 225

M157 [heading/rubric sign] M066~a ... M346(?) , 2(N01) |M351+1(N14)| M066~a M346 , 1(N01) M305 M388 ... , [......] [......] , 1(N01) M302~t(?) M346 , 1(N01) [......] , [......] 1(N01) (Reverse and remaining edges: uninscribed or too worn to read)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 238

[M157] , (heading/rubric sign, isolated) |M195+M038~a| M249~n1(#) M288 , 4(N14) (compound sign M195+M038, variant M249~n1, followed by M288) — quantity: 4 of the N14 unit M134~e , 3(N14) (sign M134, variant e) — quantity: 3 of the N14 unit |M218+M218|(#) , 5(N01) (doubled sign M218+M218, uncertain reading) — quantity: 5 of the N01 unit M158 , 1(N14) 3(N01) (sign M158) — quantity: 1 of the N14 unit, 3 of the N01 unit M180 , 1(N14) 3(N01) (sign M180) — quantity: 1 of the N14 unit, 3 of the N01 unit M075~b , 3(N14)(#) 2(N01) (sign M075, variant b) — quantity: 3 of the N14 unit, 2 of the N01…

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 240

Line 1: [heading sign] M157 Line 2: M377 — M124 — M048(variant c) — M009 — M371 — M296(variant a, damaged) — [...] , [...] Line 3: [...] — M380(variant b, damaged) — M371 , 1 (unit, notation N39B) Line 4: M347 — M110 — M371 , 1 (unit, notation N39B) Line 5: M024(variant 1) — M035 — M066 (reading uncertain) — M263(variant 1) — M221(variant 1) , 1 (unit, notation N39B) Line 6 (edge/seal notation): compound sign M157(variant a) + M131(variant a)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 242

(Heading) M157 — (Line 1) |M195+M038~a| |M153+M106~a| M288 : 1(N45) 2(N34) [...] (Line 2) [...] M288 : 1(N14) 4(N01) (Line 3) M066 M352~o M387~a M110 M380 : [...] (Line 4) [x] M218 M223 M314 M096 M288 : 1(N14) [...] (Line 5) [...] [x] M288 : 1(N14) [...] (Line 6, total?) [...] : 1(N45) 8(N14) 2(N01) [...]

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 243

(Fragmentary proto-Elamite administrative account; entries are sign-groups followed by a numeral notation, presented here in the order preserved on the tablet.) 1. [...] + sign M072(damaged) — 1 (unit) 2. Sign M387, sign M066 (variant 1, damaged), sign M370, sign M072 — 2 (units) 3. Sign M365, sign M362 (damaged), [illegible sign] — [numeral broken/lost] 4. [...] [illegible sign] — 1 (unit) 5. Sign M370 (damaged) — 1 (unit) 6. Sign M371, sign M332 (variant d), sign M218 — 1 (unit) 7. Sign M250 (variant n, uncertain), sign M388, sign M387 (variant c) [...] — [broken] 8. [...] sign M066 (varian…

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 245

(Obverse) [...] , [...] 1(N45) [...] [...] M288 , 1(N34) [...] [...] M157+M288 M125# M388 [...] , [...] [...] , [...] 3(N01) 3(N39B) 1(N30D) 1(N39C) M305# M016# M288 , [...] [...] M157 |M175+M175| M288 , 2(N34) [...] [...] [M288] , [...] 2(N45)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 247

Heading: M157 Entry 1: |M195+M057|(?) |M218+M288| M001 M288 — 1(N34) 1(N45) 4(N14) Entry 2: [...] M195~d M288 — 2(N45) 2(N14) [...] Entry 3: [...] — [...] 6(N14)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 251

(Obverse) Line 1: M157 — Line 2: M383(~j, damaged) M260(~1, uncertain), — quantity: 1 (unit N01) Line 3: M036 — quantity: 2 (unit N01) Line 4: M111(uncertain) M388 M057 M240 M377(~e) M347 M371 — quantity: <1> (unit N01) Line 5: M036 — quantity: 5 (unit N01) Line 6: M297 — quantity: 4 (unit N39B), 2 (unit N30C), 1 (unit N30D, damaged)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 252

Heading: sign M157. Entry: compound sign |M106~2+M288| — quantity: 1 (N02-unit) [sign damaged, marked with #] Entry: sign M288 — quantities: 2 (N34), 1 (N45), 1 (N14), [break in surface], 5 (N01), 2 (N39B), 1 (N24) Entry: compound sign |M106+X| [damaged, marked with #] — quantity: 1 (N08-unit) Entry: sign M288 — quantities: 1 (N34, uncertain reading), 9 (N14), 1 (N01) Entry: compound sign |M106~2+M288| — quantity: 1 (N02-unit) Entry: sign M288 — quantities: 1 (N45), 4 (N14) Final/totaling line (heavily damaged): [broken], sign M288-related notation, 2 (N34) [marked with #], [break], 2 (…

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 253

(This tablet is written in the undeciphered proto-Elamite script; the great majority of signs have no established phonetic or semantic value. What follows is a structural rendering of the transliteration, not a semantic translation.) Obverse: Line 1: [M327+M342] (compound sign, damaged/uncertain reading; no numeral — likely a heading or classifier) Line 2: [M153+M106~a] M066 M242~b M096 M387~eh M004 M346 , 5(N01) — an entry of five units (N01) Line 3: M249~m M332~d(?) M057~a2 M346 , 2(N01) — an entry of two units (N01) Line 4: M370 M346 , 1(N01) — an entry of one unit (N01) Line 5: [M218~d+M2…

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 254

Obverse: 1. [heading sign] M157 2. M374~c , 2(N01) 3. M124 M391 M218~b(#) M295~wa [...] , [...] 4(N01) 3(N39B) 1(N24)(#?) 4. [...] , 1(N14) 3(N01) 2(N39B) 5. [...] M066 , 1(N14) 3(N01) 3(N39B) 6. M218 M370 M219 M263 , 2(N01) 7. M263 M242~b M096 , 5(N01) 8. M386~a M242~b M096 , 1(N14) 2(N01) 2(N39B) 9. [...] M352~n |M218+X|(?) , [...] 10. M218(#) M295~ka M218 , 3(N01) Reverse: 11. M146(#) M380 M263 [...] , [...] 12. [...] M218 M295~ka M218 , 3(N01) 13. x , 14. [...] , 2(N45) 2(N14) 3(N39B) 1(N24)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 256

(Line 1) [...] , [broken — no legible entry] (Line 2) [...] sign M376 , [1 unit (N08)?] (Line 3) signs M046 M254~b , 1 unit (N01) (Line 4) signs M218 M250~ba [...] , [...] (Line 5) [...] signs M024 M033 M376 , 1 unit (N08) (Line 6) signs M254~b1 M046 [...] , [...] (Line 7) [...] signs M380~b M295~y M263~1 M376 , [1 unit (N08)?] (Line 8) [...] sign M096 , 1 unit (N01)? (Line 9) [two unidentified signs] [...] , [...]

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 258

(Obverse, entries recorded as commodity-sign groups followed by numerical notations) 1. [...] M388(#) M057~b(?) M099(#) M371 M288 — 4(N01) [...] 2. [...] , [...] 1(N01) 3. [...] M004 |M218+M101| M371 — 5(N01) 4. M377~e |M106+M288| [...] , [...] 1(N24) 5. M380 M371 — 1(N14) 6. M295~u M220 — 4(N01) 7. M387~c x M387 M218 — 3(N01) 8. M301(#) |M296+M296| M057 — 2(N01) 9. M290(?) [...] , [broken] 10. (Total line) M288(#) — 5(N14)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 260

(Line 1) [......] sign M302 (variant ~s?) , 2(N01) (Line 2) sign M288 , [......] (Line 3) [......] sign M262, sign M262, sign M096 , 5(N01) 2(N39B) [......] (Line 4) [......] x , 4(N01) (Line 5) sign M056 (variant ~e?), sign M288 , [......]

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 264

(Obverse, fragmentary — multiple broken pieces) [...] M106+M288(?) — [...] [...] — [...] 2(N39B) M391 — 1(N01) M288 — [...] [...] — [...] 2(N01) 2(N39B) M391 — 1(N01) M288 — [...] [...] — [...] 1(N01) M288 — 1(N34) 1(N45)(?) [...] M288 — 2(N45)(?) M295~ka M157~a M288 — 1(N34)

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 266

(This is a proto-Elamite administrative tablet; most signs are undeciphered pictographic/numerical notations rather than a readable language, so the 'translation' below preserves the sign-sequence and quantities as recorded, following the entry breaks marked by commas in the source.) [broken] , [broken] 4(N01) Sign M374 (variant c) [broken] , [broken] [broken] , [broken] 6(N01) Sign M281 (variant f), sign M149 (variant a1), sign M387 [broken] , [broken] [broken], sign M075 (variant m, queried), sign M149 (variant a1), (illegible sign) [broken] , [broken] [broken] , 1(N01) (illegible sign) [br…

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 268

[...], [...] 3(N01) M346, 1(N01) x x [...], [...] [...] M111#? M240~b M057~a, 1(N14) 4(N01) M346, 2(N01) [...] [...] M250~ba# M387 x, 4(N01) [...] [...] x M096, 1(N14) 1(N01) [...] [...] M250~ba M387 M218 [...], [...] [...] M240 M057~a, 3(N01) [...]

~3000 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MDP 06, 270

(The tablet is a Proto-Elamite economic/numerical account, broken into multiple fragments; most lines are lost to breakage. What survives, case by case, reads as follows:) Case 1: [...] , Case 2: [...] (illegible sign) M056~f, M288 , [...] Case 3: [...] , [...] Case 4: [...] M048~c , [...] Case 5: [...] , [...] Case 6: [...] , [...] 3(N39B) [...] Case 7: [...] , [...] Case 8: [...] (illegible sign) , [...] Case 9: [...] M220 M099 , 1(N24) [...] Case 10: [...] , [...] Case 11: [...] , [...] 4(N14) 3(N39B) [...] Case 12: [...] (illegible sign) , [...] (All entries are bounded by breaks; no con…

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