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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Page 6 / 64

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 078

(Obverse) Line 1: [...], 1 (N30a-unit) [sign uncertain] [...] (broken) Line 2: 1 (N01-unit), 1 (N39a-unit) | 2 (N57-units), 1 (N30a-unit) — AN (sky/divine or commodity marker), GUM (sign of uncertain reading) Line 3: 1 (N01-unit), 1 (N39a-unit), 1 (N24-unit) | 2 (N57-units), 1 (N30a-unit) [...] (entry continues into a break) Line 4: 1 (N01-unit) | 1 (N30a-unit) — Szubur, BU (sign of uncertain reading — bird term, plant, or disbursement marker) Line 5: 1 (N39a-unit), 1 (N24-unit) | 2 (N57-units), 1 (N30a-unit) — URU(settlement)-sign compounded with HI(g), NAGA (natron/soapwort or uncertain…

Uruk Period

Our engine

MSVO 1, 085

[...] , [...] 5(N18) 2(N03) , 2(N34) 1(N14) 6(N01) [...] , sheep (UDU) 1(N60) 2(N52) , 3(N14) 5(N01) , ŠU2 ("into the hand of" / receipt notation) 1(N14) 2(N01) , ME (sign of uncertain value) 1(N14) 4(N01) , ZATU753 (unidentified sign) [...] , KID (reed-mat/plaited-goods sign) [...] [...] , [...] 1(N14) 5(N01) , DUR (uncertain: cord/bond sign) , [...] |NI.RU| ("given/deposited," oil(?) notation) , GAL PA GI [...] ("great" + overseer/classifying mark + reed/measuring term) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 086

(Obverse) 1. 9(N20), |U4×(1(N14).8(N01))| |U4×1(N57)| — beer (KASZ). 2. 1(N34) 2(N01) [...] — sheep/small livestock (UDU). 3. 6(N20), [...]. 4. 2(N14) [...], [...]. 5. 3(N34) [...] 1(N14) [...] — sheep/small livestock (UDU). 6. 1(N60) 2(N52), 7. 3(N14) 5(N01) — into the hand of / received (ŠU2). (Reverse or continuation) 8. [...] 1(N34) [...] — binding/bundle (DUR). 9. [...] — measuring-reed (GI) [...].

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 087

(Column/line 1) [...], [...] GI (reed/length-unit) — beer(?) [KASZ], the sign U4 combined with 1(N57) [...] (Line 2) 1(N60) 2(N52) [...], (Line 3) 2(N14) 6(N01) [...], [...] (illegible sign) (Line 4) [...], (illegible sign) [...] (Line 5) , GI (reed/length-unit) [...] (Line 6) 1(N47) 5(N20) 3(N05), (Line 7) 5(N18) 2(N03), (Line 8) 2(N01)(?) [...], [...] (Line 9) 1(N14) 2(N01), ME (sign of uncertain value) (Line 10) [...] 4(N01), ZATU753 (unidentified commodity sign) (Line 11) [...], KID (reed-mat product) [...] (Line 12) , [...] NI.RU(?) [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 104

1. 2(N14): barley — remainder(-allocation) — beer — workers (erim) 2. barley — disbursed (ba) — the temple administrator (sanga) — NI.RU (deposited/given) 3. 1(N14) 3(N01) [...]: [...] barley 4. 2(N14): DA — AD(~c) 5. 3(N14): IL — plant/fodder (u2) 6. 1(N14): remainder(-allocation) — oil/fat — head/chief (sag) 7. goat/kid (mash) — barley 8. 2(N46) 2(N04) 2(N41): LAGAB — barley — disbursed (ba) 9. [1(N45) 2(N14) 5(N01)]: [...] 10. 1(N34) 3(N14) 1(N04) 2(N41): GIR3 — PA(-mark) [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 106

1(N01) — U2 (fodder/plant material) [...] 4(N01) [...] — ZATU644 (sign, commodity undetermined) [...] — barley (ŠE), PA (mark/classifier), GIR₃@g (gir, small-stock or foot-sign), |AMAR.1(N02)| (compound notation, 'young animal' + numeral sign) [...] [...] — barley (ŠE), GI (reed/length-measure), AB (institutional designation) [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 109

4(N20) [...] , [1(N03) 2(N40)] , 1(N01) , DUG~b (jar-type b) 1(N01) , DUG~c (jar-type c) 1(N14) , ŠU2 (into the hand of / receipt) [...] , ZATU644~a (commodity sign) 3(N01) , ME~a ZATU753 4(N01) [...] , MA (vessel/boat) 7(N01) , ḪAŠḪUR (apple/fruit) 2(N14) 4(N01) , UDU~a (sheep) 3(N14) , SUḪUR (carp-fish) 2(N52) , , |NI~a.RU| GIBIL SU~a 3(N57) GU7 [...] (oil-given(?), fresh, SU(-commodity), 3(N57), consumed/disbursed [...]) [...] , [MU |ZATU714xHI@g~a|] (year/name(?)-sign compound)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 110

[...] 1(N34) [...] 1(N14), 9(N01) — cattle-pen(?): delivered/brought — [illegible sign] [...] 1(N34), 3(N14) — [illegible sign] [...] [...] — [...] 2(N14), 2(N01) [...] — [...] 1(N14), 1(N01) [...] — [...] [...] — [...] 1(N34), 1(N14) [...] — [...] reed/length-unit (GI) 1(N35), 2(N15), 3(N02) — [illegible sign] [...] 9(N34), 3(N14), 3(N01) — kid/goat (MAŠ), field (GAN2), sheep (UDU) [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 113

(Column/Line 1) [...] , [...] (Line 2) [...] , [...] a jar(DUG) of beer(KASZ) [...] (Line 3) [...] 2(N20) 1(N05) , EN~a [lord/high official] ... [...] (Line 4) [...] , [...] (Line 5) 1(N34) 1(N14) [...] , sheep(UDU~a) (Line 6) 3(N52) 1(N38) 2(N21) , (Line 7) [...] 2(N01) , ŠU2 [received/disbursed] (Line 8) X [...] , [...] (Line 9) [...] , [...] (Line 10) [...] , reed-mat(KID~b) BAR [...] (Line 11) 1(N51) 2(N14) , |6(N57).GAR| [compound numeral/commodity notation] (Line 12) , X reed-unit(GI) [...] (Line 13) , |U4x5(N57)| reed-unit(GI) [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 115

2 (N14-unit) [...], [...] [...], [...] [...] X, 2 (N01-units), ŠU₂ ("into the hand of / disbursed") 3 (N01-units), ZATU753 (unidentified commodity sign) [...], [...] [...], [...] [...] X X (unidentified/damaged signs) [...], [...] KID~a, EN~a ("lord"/official)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 116

1 (N01-unit): sheep. 2 (N01-units): suhur-fish (carp). 1 (N01-unit): sheep. 5 (N01-units): suhur-fish (carp). KAB(?) — LAGAB — reed(-measure). barley(?). 2 (N01-units): sheep. 7 (N01-units): suhur-fish (carp). 1 (N40-unit): [...]. [...] lord/official (EN): 1 (N57-unit).

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 118

1. 3(N01) , [......] potter (BAHAR2~b) 2. 3(N01) , laborer/worker-class (GURUSZDA) [......] 3. 3(N01) , woman(?) (SAL), silver (KU3), day/time-unit(?) (U4), water (A), exalted one/storehouse(?) (NUN~a) 4. 2(N01) [......] , [......] 5. 1(N01) [......] , [......] 6. 1(N01)# [......] , [......]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 120

(Obverse, column entries — left portion broken throughout) [...] , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...] X [...] , [...] 3(N03) , 1(N01) , GA'AR~a1 [...] , [...] 1(N05)#? [...] , [...] 1(N06) , [...] [...] , X 1(N01) , SIG7? SZE~a 1(N05) , 1(N24) , (Break) , [...] , DU KU6~a

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 135

[...] 2(N05) 2(N42~a) 1(N25) units, |ZATU714xHI@g~a| [...] [...] 1(N01) unit, |DUG~cx1(N57)| [...] 1(N01) unit, [...] [...] 1(N01) unit, [...] X 4(N01) units, SZU2 [...] , ZATU753 [...] , [...] [...] , [...] X [...] 1(N52) , , |NI~a.RU| GIBIL 2(N57) SU~a [...] , [...] [...] 1(N01) [...] ,

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 142

(Column/line 1) [...] — [...] (2) [...] — [...] X (3) [...] — [...] X (4) [...] — [...] (5) [...] — [...] X (6) [...] — [...] X (7) 1(N01) — sheep [...] (8) 1(N01) — [unidentified sign] [...] (9) 1(N01) — [two unidentified signs] (10) [...] — [two unidentified signs] (11) [...] 1(N01) 2(N39~a) — barley, beer, [unidentified sign] [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 143

(Column/line 1) [...] 3(N05) 3(N42a) , 5(N01) , DUR (cord/bundle) NUNUZ (egg/spawn-mark) [...] 1(N34) , ZATU800 GIŠ (wood) [...] 5(N01) , KID (reed-mat) BAR (portion/category) [...] 2(N14) , 5(N57).KU3 (bright/silver-compound) , NI.RU(?) PA GIR3@g X [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 150

(Line 1) [......], U2~b(?) (fodder/plant material?), A (water/liquid). (Line 2) 1(N01), MU (year/name — sense uncertain), |ZATU714×HI@g~a| (a compound sign, unresolved as a personnel/title designation). (Line 3) [1(N01)], [UDU~a] (sheep), |U4.(1(N14).5(N08))| (a compound sign combining the U4-element with numerical values 1 and 5), GAL~a (great/large), ŠAB~a (a title, perhaps a cupbearer/butcher-type office). (Line 4) [1(N01)], [UDU~a] (sheep), |U4×X| (a damaged compound sign), DI (sign-name/unclear function), GIR3@g~b (a personnel or livestock category term).

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 154

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] X [...] 1(N01)# , SZU2# [...] , [...] — , BA — , SZU ZI~a — , GIR3@g~b DI [...] , [...] |U4×2(N01).X|# X [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 161

1. 1(N01) unit(s): MA (vessel/container) 2. 4(N01) unit(s): HAŠḪUR (orchard-fruit / apple) 3. 2(N01) unit(s): MA ZATU735(b) [container-commodity, sign unidentified] 4. 1(N01) unit(s): |GA₂~a1×GEŠTU~c3| (storehouse/container compound sign) 5. 1(N01) [......], [......] (broken) 6. |NI~a.RU| ("given/deposited" — tentative) 7. [......] MUŠ₃~a(?) (broken; unclear administrative referent) 8. [......] A LAM~b (broken; "water/liquid(?)" + LAM~b commodity/wood sign) 9. UNUG~a(?) — [Uruk]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 163

1(N01) unit(s), MA (vessel/container) 4(N01) unit(s), HASZHUR (apple/orchard-fruit) 2(N01) unit(s) [...], [MA] ZATU735~b (sign/commodity, uncertain) 1(N01) unit, GA2~a1×GESZTU~c5 (compound sign — storehouse/container-type) 1(N01) unit, UKKIN~b×DIN (compound sign, referent unclear) NI~a.RU ("given/deposited" — tentative) 3(N57), MUSZ3~a (administrative referent unclear) UNUG~a (Uruk)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 172

1. [...], |DUG~cx1(N57)| (a vessel-sign, quantity 1(N57)) 2. [...], ŠU2 3. [...], [...] 4. [...], [...] X 5. 5(N01), ḪAŠḪUR (apple/fruit-tree — 5 units) 6. 1(N01), |GA2~a1×X| (1 unit of a GA2-container, compounded with sign X) 7. 1(N01), UKKIN~a (1 unit — 'assembly'/institution) 8. NUN~a TAK4~a KI (NUN — TAK4 — KI: a princely/institutional designation, a 'remainder'-allocation, at/from a place) 9. 1(N01), |GA2~a1×ŠA| ŠE~a (1 unit of a GA2×ŠA-container of barley) 10. NI~a.RU (given/deposited — reading tentative) 11. 3(N57) MUŠ3~a (3(N57) units of MUŠ3, an unclear administrative referent) 12. UN…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 179

1 (unit): jar (DUG~b). 1 (unit): beer (KASZ~c). 6 (units): MA (boat/container-measure). 6 (units): apple(s) (ḪAŠḪUR). 4(N14) 4 (units): ... AB~a. 3(N14) (units): AB~a (cattle-stall/institutional) — SUḪUR (carp/fish). [...]: EN~a (lord/official) — PA~a (overseer/classifying mark) — jar (DUG~a). 2(N52) (units): AB~a. 3(N21) (units): EN~a — jar (DUG~a) — BAR (disbursement/portion). — consumed/ration disbursed (GU7) — GA~a — [...]. — fresh/new (GIBIL) — 3(N57) — SU~a — consumed/ration disbursed (GU7) — GA~a — [...].

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 183

[...] 3(N01), X [...] 1(N01), X [...] [...] , [...] 1(N14) 1(N01) [...] , field(GAN2) — TI(-allocation) [...] 3(N01), [...] [...] , [...] 2(N01)#, X ZATU750 1(N01), X [...] , [...] X [...] 1(N01), X sheep(UDU~a)#? [...] , [...] X 1(N14)# 8(N01)#, X [...] , X disbursed(BA#) house/storehouse(E2~a)#? SZU [...] 2(N01) [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 186

[...] , ... was brought/delivered (DU) to the cattle-stall/institution (AB) [...] 1(N14) 10(N01) (units) , the lord/overseer (EN) — the PA-official/marker — the ZATU776 sign — 1(N58)? — the AN sign — 3(N57) [...] , the day/temporal marker (U4) — NI.RU (given/deposited) [...] [...] , [...] 1(N14) 1(N01) (units) [...] , [...] 1(N14) [...] , [...] 4(N14) 7(N01) (units) , the LAGAB sign (container/aggregate)? — the DUR sign (cord/bundle) — X [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 201

1(N01) , GIR3~c(?) [...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01) [...] , [...] 1(N01)# [...] , [...] 1(N01)# [...] , [...] [...] , [...] X SI# GU4

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 205

1 (unit): GIR3 (foot/dagger-sign, variant “g~b”) — ...[broken] 1 (unit): MASZ2 (kid/goat) — AN UB (storage bin, with celestial/divine marker) 1 (unit): MASZ2 (kid/goat) — SZIR(?) NIM(?) 1 (unit): TUG2(?) (cloth) — UB (storage bin) 6 (units): UDU (sheep) 1 (unit): TUG2(?) (cloth) — [...broken]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 212

(Fragmentary, proto-cuneiform administrative tablet; sign-by-sign rendering follows the transliteration) Line 1: ... DAH [broken sign] SAGxMA(compound sign) KI(place/locative marker) Line 2: 1(N14) 7(N01) — [count of measures/units] — SAL.KUR (female worker/foreign woman?) — SAGxMA (compound sign, commodity or container term) Line 3: 1(N14) — [unit] — SAL.KUR (female worker/foreign woman?) — ERIM (male workers/personnel group?) — [broken sign(s), text lost] Line 4: [2(N14)] 7(N01) — [units] — SAL.KUR (female worker/foreign woman?) — UB (storage bin/compartment?) — PA(?) (overseer/ration/class…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 216

1. 2(N14), SAL.KUR(a) — barley — SZU (received/in hand of) 2. 2(N14) 4(N01), barley — KU(b1) — aromatic/szim 3. 3(N14), honey/syrup — PA(a) — water — silver/pure 4. 1(N20) 3(N05), UR5(a) 5. 3(N03), 6. 1(N01), GAR — PU2(?) 7. 2(N01), remainder — water 8. 1(N45) 4(N01), barley — consumed (GU7)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 230

1. [...] — [...] X (broken, sign not identifiable) 2. [...] — [...] storehouse (E2~a) 3. [...] — [...] head/chief (SAG), BAR, X 4. 1(N01) — X [...] 5. [...] — storehouse (E2~a), X [...] 6. 1(N01) — TAK4~a, head/chief (SAG) 7. 1(N01) — GIR3@g~b(?) 8. [...] — [...] (break) 9. 1(N01) — X, storehouse (E2~a), PIRIG~b1 ("lion") 10. 1(N01) — SANGA~a (temple administrator) 11. 1(N01) — SUKKAL (vizier/minister) 12. 1(N01) — EN2(?) 13. 1(N01) — NI~a (oil/fat?), AL [...] 14. — [...] ZATU752 15. 4(N14) 3(N01) [= 43] — [...] (broken)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 231

(Column/line 1) [...] 2(N01) , NAM2 [...] 2(N01) , PAP [...] , [illegible sign] SZU SZITA (dagger-sign) [...] 1(N01) , EN [illegible] SAG 2(N01) [...] , SZU [...] 2(N01) , BU [illegible] [...] , [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 233

[...] 2(N01), cattle-stall(?) — assembly [...], sheep — calf [...], [...] ... Uruk — field(?) ... [...], ... [...] 2(N01), cattle-stall(?) — assembly — MU(?), hand(?) [...], [...] head(?) — NI.RU (given/deposited?) , [...] — consumed(?)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 234

(Line 1) [...] , [...] administrator(?) — ME — storage-bin(?) (Line 2) [...] , [...] carpenter(?) — transfer/turn — head/chief (Line 3) [...] , [...] ME(?) (Line 4) [...] , [...] [x] — go/deliver — water(?) (Line 5) 3(N01) , house — |1(N58).BAD|(?) — woman/female (Line 6) 2(N01) , GAR — deficit — SA (Line 7) 2(N01) , cattle-stall(?) — remainder — place — GAR (Line 8) 1(N14) , plow(?) [...] (Line 9) [...] , [...] [x] (Line 10) [...] , [...] TAR(?) — administrator(?)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 1, 241

(Line 1) [......], [......] x [broken — sign illegible] (Line 2) 2(N34) 1(N14) [units] — bird, ME, ZATU749(?) (Line 3) 2(N34) 2(N14) 1(N01) [units] — dais(?)/BARA2, dark/GI6, place(-marker, damaged) (Line 4) 1(N34)(damaged) 1(N14)(damaged) [......] — storehouse/E2, water(?)/A, [......] (Line 5) 1(N34) 3(N14)(damaged) [......] — NAGAR(-sign, damaged, uncertain), [unidentified sign], [......]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 01

(Column entries, each separated by a ruling; proto-cuneiform numerical notation retained as transliterated since the precise value of each numeral sign is not independently translatable) 1. 2(N46) — IR (sign IR), PAP (total/supervisory marker) 2. 1(N46) 8(N19) 3(N04) — AB (cattle-pen/livestock enclosure), KID (reed mat), E2 (house/storehouse), NE (fire/fuel[?]) 3. — PAP (total/summary marker) 4. 3(N34) 7(N14) 2(N01) — ŠE (barley) 5. 1(N49) 1(N46) 8(N19) 4(N04) — [commodity sign not preserved/legible] 6. 1(N46) 4(N19) 3(N04) — GIŠ.TE (wood/TE compound) 7. 1(N49)#? 4(N34) 1(N45) 3(N01) — ŠE (ba…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 04

1. 2(N40) 1(N24~a), 2. 1(N40) 1(N24~a), 3. 9(N01), SZEN~c(-vessel), 4. 4(N01) [...], beer(?) [...] 5. [...], [...] bird-sign, AN (sky/star), MUSZ3~a 6. [...] (broken, illegible)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 05

1. 1(N34) — vessel(s) [ŠEN container] 2. — MUŠ3 [referent unclear] — ME [category/quality marker] 3. 3(N14) — vessel(s) [ŠEN container] 4. — date palm [GIŠIMMAR] 5. — Zabalam [...] 6. [...] — [...] 7. — EN [lord/high official] — road/journey [KASKAL] — day [U4] — cow [AB2] [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 08

[...], [...] 2(N14), DUG~a(?) ["jar" — commodity sign, reading uncertain] 4(N03) 1(N40), SI4~f NAMESZDA SAR~a(?) [reddish(?) commodity — NAMESZDA — garden/plot(?) designation] 3(N03), 1(N03) 1(N40), 2(N03), SAL ḪI KA~a [woman/female-worker(?) sign — qualifier — "mouth" sign] 2(N03) 1(N40), MUD NUN~a(?) [...] [unidentified commodity — storehouse/quality designation(?), broken]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 14

1(N40) 1(N24~a) — UR2 (base/foundation), wood. 2(N40) 1(N24~a) — GURUSZ (male worker), house. 4(N40) — MUŠ3 (a referent, twice-attested elsewhere), woman, KU3 (silver/pure). 2(N40) 1(N24~a) — Šubur (personal name), |E2×1(N57)@t| (a compound 'house'-sign). 3(N40) 1(N24~a) — AN, disbursed (BA). 3(N03) — MUD, AN, TE. 3(N03) — HI, KA. 3(N03) — NIR [...] (broken). 4(N03) — [...] (broken). 3(N40) — ŠU, BU. 2(N03) 2(N40) — HI, KA. — consumed/eaten (GU7). 3(N18) 4(N40) — consumed/eaten (GU7). — SAG.ŠU.

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 15

1(N18) unit — EN(-a) AN RU 5(N03) units — fish(-a) [3(N57)] MUD TE 4(N03) units — small bird(s), fish(-a), BU(-a) 3(N03) units — SIG, house(-a), DU, DA(-a) 3(N03) units — NIR(-a), MUD, 3(N57), TE — consumed (GU7) 3(N18) 3(N03) — consumed (GU7) — SAGSZU (total/persons in hand)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 17

1(N03) [unit], [...] — the SUKKAL (vizier/minister), PAP~a, GI (measuring unit/reed). 1(N03) [unit] — the E2~a (storehouse) — SZUBUR. 3(N03) [units] — EN~a (lord/high official) — RU (given/deposited) [...]. — GU7 (consumed/rationed). 1(N18) 1(N03) [units] [...], [...]. [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 19

(Obverse) Line 1: [...] 2(N14) [...] : [...] Line 2: [...] 2(N01) 2(N39~a) : USZ, (the man) 1(N57)-Šubur Line 3: 5(N14) : nam-šita(?), small, bird(s), BU, small Line 4: [...] 3(N14) [...] : [...] Line 5: 4(N14) 2(N01) [...] : LAM, [x — broken] Line 6: 1(N14) : hal, ME, vizier (sukkal) Line 7: 1(N14) : PAP, potter (bahar2) Line 8: [...] : consumed / rationed (gu7) (Reverse continues, badly worn — no further signs preserved beyond the last case) Line 9: 3(N34) 1(N01) 1(N39~a) : barley (še) [...]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 22

(Column/fragment, obverse) 1. [...] 1(N01), [...] SAL (woman/female) X 2. [...] 1(N01) 2(N39~a) 1(N24), NIN (lady/mistress) TUR3 (cattle-pen) 3. [...] 3(N14) 2(N39~a), NUN (prince/storehouse[?]) 6(N57) SAG (head/chief) 4. [...] 2(N14) 2(N01), PA (overseer/mark) |1(N58).BAD| (fortress/‘open’ sign) 5. [...] 1(N24), TE NUN [...] 6. [...] 1(N24), [...] 7. [...] 1(N01) 1(N39~a) 1(N24), AZ 8. 1(N01) 1(N39~a) 1(N24), KALAM (the land) PAP (overseer/total) PA 9. , GU7 (consumed/rationed) 10. [...] 2(N45) 5(N14) 1(N01) 1(N24), GU7 (consumed/rationed) 11. 8(N14) 2(N01) 4(N39~a) 1(N24), BA (disbursed) [..…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 24

Obverse: 1. 1(N45) 6(N14) units — PAP (‘overseer/total-marker’), SZU (hand-sign), |GISZxSZU2| (compound sign, container/implement type) 2. 1(N45) 1(N14) 3(N01) units — NIMGIR (‘herald/crier’), |EZEN+KI| (festival-place compound) 3. 1(N45) 1(N14) 3(N01) units — NIMGIR (‘herald’), EN (‘lord/high official’), BIR3 (sign, function unclear) 4. 1(N45) unit — GI6 (‘black/night’), BU, NI (commodity or oil sign) 5. 6(N14) units — NIMGIR (‘herald’), SZITA1 (mace/weapon sign), DU6 (mound/heap sign) 6. 1(N45) unit — NIMGIR (‘herald’), BA (‘disbursed/allotted’) 7. 5(N14) units — E2 (‘house/estate’), DU (‘de…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 30

(Obverse, arranged in cased entries, two columns) 1. 1 (unit: N57-system) — ZAG ("edge/side" or "border-portion") of the E2 ("house/estate") — UBI (sign broken/unclear) 2. 1 (unit: N05-system) — PAP (supervisory title or summary marker) — NAM2 (unresolved categorical sign) — of the E2 ("house/estate") 3. 1 (unit: N01) — SI ("horn" or possibly a measuring implement) — ZATU786 (unidentified sign) — GI\&GI (reed/measuring-rod compound) — ŠA3 ("inside/heart," i.e. interior or contents) 4. 1 (unit: N01) — NA (unclear qualifier) — NE (fire/fuel-sign variant) — ŠEN (a vessel or container sign) —…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 31

(Obverse, arranged in cases across two columns) 1. 4 (N01-units) — Šubur(?), NU 2. 4 (N01-units) — KAB, BU 3. 1 (N14-unit) — SI, AB 4. 1 (N14-unit) + 2 (N01-units) — NE, ŠITA, PAP — total: 3 (N57-units) 5. 2 (N01-units) — NIMGIR (herald[?]), ZATU703 (sign of unidentified value) 6. 2 (N01-units) — BU, NUN, DU, DA 7. 1 (N14-unit) + 2 (N01-units) — KALAM, PA 8. 4 (N01-units) — ZI, A (water) 9. 4 (N01-units) — GIŠ(?), [broken sign], PIRIG(?), BU 10. 2 (N01-units) — 3 (N57-units) [...] (rest broken) 11. 2 (N01-units) — NE, PAP(?) [...] (rest broken) 12. 2 (N01-units) — DA [...] (rest broken) (No…

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 34

1(N45) 5(N14), DU (delivered/in transit) — E2~b (storehouse) — GI (measuring-rod unit) [......] 3(N34) 2(N45) 1(N14) [......], [......] 2(N34) 2(N45) 3(N14) [......], SZAM2 (exchange/purchase) BA (disbursed) [......] 1(N34) 2(N45) 3(N14) [......] 1(N01), DU (delivered/in transit) — E2~b (storehouse) [......] 1(N34) [......], [......]

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 35

1. 2(N01)# , AN MUŠ₃ₐ — "2 (units, numeral partly damaged): AN-MUŠ (sign combination, referent unclear)" 2. 1(N01)# , |NUN~a+EN~a|# — "1 (unit, numeral and compound sign both partly damaged): NUN+EN (compound sign)" 3. 4(N39~a) 1(N24) , NAM₂ KAB — "4 (N39-unit) + 1 (N24-unit): NAM₂ KAB" 4. 1(N01) , GAL~a — "1 (unit): GAL ('great/large')" 5. , ḪI@gₐ ŠA |U4.3(N08)|? UDU~a E2~a GU — "ḪI (qualifying/mixed sign), within: 'day-3' (?), sheep, house/estate, GU" 6. 1(N01) , X X — "1 (unit): [two illegible signs]"

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 43

1. 2 (units) — NINDA₂×U4 (bread/ration sign) 2. 5 (units) — KA₂ ("gate") 3. 1 (N51-unit) — U4 KU₆ ("day" + "fish") 4. 2 (units) — SUHUR (carp/fish) 5. — NE, ŠITA, [illegible sign], PAP, [...] (broken) 6. — LAGAB×PA(?), E₂ (storehouse/building), GU

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 44

1. 5(N14) — SAG […] ("head/chief" [broken]) 2. 2(N19) — EN GA2 ME [x] ("lord/overseer" — "storehouse" — "ME-mark" — [sign broken]) 3. 2(N14) — PA […] ("overseer/mark" [broken]) 4. 1(N14) — […] (entirely broken) 5. 1(N14) — NE PAP ("fire/fuel" — "PAP-mark") 6. 4(N04) — GIŠ.TE EN […] ("wood/TE-compound" — "lord/overseer" [broken]) 7. […] — […] KINGAL ("overseer/foreman") 8. […] — […] (entirely broken)

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MSVO 3, 45

1. 2(N39~a) 1(N24), LA2(?) SA~a 2. 2(N39~a) 1(N24), MUD BULUG3 3. 2(N39~a) 1(N24), 3(N57) NANNA~a BULUG3 4. 2(N39~a) 1(N24), MUSZEN NUNUZ~a1 [...] (Reverse: uninscribed)

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