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Sumerian · Book

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A curated narrative reconstruction of humanity's first great civilization, sourced from the tablets themselves. Open scholarship, beautifully accessible.

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Every tablet in the corpus — sortable by date, title or period; filterable by theme and period. Use the controls below or change the URL parameters directly.

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Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

Period

Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

Showing all 102,257 tablets.

251–300 of 102257

Page 6 / 2046

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2504

1. 9(N01) — má-sign(?) (MAR~a), na-sign(?) (NA~a), sheep (UDU~a), [sign ZATU749, variant b] 2. 7(N01) — sheep (UDU~a), [sign ZATU749, variant b] 3. [sign ZATU821], reed(?) (GI) 4. lady/mistress (NIN), SIG (quality-mark, uncertain: wool-grade/brick/"low") 5. TE (uncertain commodity/category), RAD~a (uncertain title or action), sanga-official (SANGA~a) 6. 1(N14) 6(N01) — sheep (UDU~a), tablet/bin-marker(?) (DUB~a), [sign ZATU749, variant b] 7. SIG (quality-mark, uncertain), lady/mistress (NIN)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2506

Obverse: 1. 2(N14) — sheep 2. — female (ewe) 3. 3(N01) — rams (male sheep) 4. 2(N01) — goats 5. [...] [...] — hand/receipt (sign broken) 6. 1(N14) — consumed/disbursed: RAD (sign uncertain) 7. 3(N01) — barley 8. 5(N01) — sheep 9. 1(N01) — beer 10. 2(N14) — bread/rations 11. 1(N01) — šita-vessel(?) with oil/fat (NI) Reverse (summary/closing entry): 12. — MUŠ₃ — ME — LAL₃ — ŠUR₂ (damaged at end)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2507

1. 4(N15)? — storehouse (E2~a), overseer/classifier (PA~a) 2. 3(N15)? — ISZ~b, RAD~a 3. 1(N15)? — SZU, junior/small (TUR) 4. 1(N15)? — AN, city/settlement (URU~a1) 5. [...] — [...], the lord/high official (EN~a) (damaged) 6. [...] 1(N14) — clay/tablet-board (IM~a) 7. 1(N14) — storehouse (E2~a, damaged), NAGA~a, horn/SI 8. 2(N50) 3(N14) — compound sign |HIx1(N57)|, ZATU756 (sign not otherwise identified) 9. 1(N45, damaged) 6(N14) — [...] (broken)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2511/1

(Obverse) [...], [...] 1(N57) BA (disbursed) 7(N01), NI-NE [...], [...] ... SAG 7(N01), ZATU659 LAGAB [...] 3(N34) 1(N01), 1(N57) BA GIŠ [...] [...], ... [...] (continuing / reverse) 2(N01), U8 (ewes) 2(N14) 3(N01), UD5 (she-goats) 1(N01), UTUA , [...] 2(N01), [...] 2(N01) [...], [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2512

1. [...] , [...] 2. [...] , [...] X 3. [...] , [...] ZATU659 4. [...] , [...] naga(-a) ("soapwort/natron"-sign) 5. [...] , [...] bird-sign RAD(-a) 6. [...] , [...] ZATU659(?) 7. , 1(N57) salt 8. 1(N01) , IB(-a) [...] 9. 1(N01)# [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2514

(Face 1 / Case 1) 2 (units): sign ZATU694, DA, DA. (Case 2) — NI, grain (barley), AN, DI, RAD. (Case 3) 1 (unit): beer, sign ZATU737×E(?). (Case 4) — chief sanga-official (administrator). (Face 2 / Case 5) 2 (units): she-goat, DI, A. (Case 6) 1 (unit): goat (billy-goat); chief sanga-official, senior. (Case 7) 3 (units): BAR, NI, grain (barley), AN.

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2516

1 (N52-unit): disbursement (BA) [......] [......] 1 (N52-unit), 2 (units): received / into the hand of (ŠU2) 3 (units): reed mat(s) (KID) 1 (unit): [musician(s), rations (NAR SU)] 1 (N52-unit), [......] [......] 3 (N52-units), 2 (units): received / into the hand of (ŠU2) 3 (units): reed mat(s) (KID) 1 (unit): musician(s), rations (NAR SU) 1 (N34-unit): NIM (uncertain commodity/status term) [......]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2520

(Obverse, case-ruled account; text organized in registers) [...] , [...] , [...] SIG RAD~a [...] [...] , [...] 1(N02) [...] , X [...] X [...] , [...] , X [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...] (Reverse: uninscribed)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2677

(Obverse) 1. [...], [...] EN (lord/high official) — A (water) — NUN(-institution) 2. [...], [...] X X (two illegible signs) 3. [...] 3(units), ŠA (middle/inner) — TAK4 (remainder/allocation) — KAŠ (beer) 4. [...], [...] (broken) 5. 1(unit), GAL (large vessel/'big') — ŠITA(?) (uncertain sign) 6. 1(unit), SI (horn) — KISAL (courtyard) 7. 1(unit), ERIN (troop/team/workforce) 8. GI (reed?) — ŠUBUR (dependent workers/Subarians) — UŠ (length/measure sign) 9. [...], GA₂ (storehouse/container) — ŠE₃ (terminative 'to/until' or grain-marker) — NUN(-institution) — IM(?) (clay/rain sign, uncertain) 10. [.…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2680

[...] 2(N01) — NUN~b [...] [...] 2(N01) — goat(s) (MASZ2) 1(N01) — ...[...] 1(N01) — ...[...] [...] — [...] 1(N34) — [...] ... barley (SZE~a) ... [...] 2(N34) 6(N01) [...] — sheep (UDU~a) [...] [...] — [...] ...

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2681

1. 2(N01), U8 (ewe[s]) —damaged surface— 2. 2(N14) 8(N01), X [...] —broken— 3. [...] 5(N01), MASZ2 (goat[s]) 4. 1(N01), GU4 (ox) —damaged surface— 5. , [...] —broken— 6. [...] , [...] —broken— 7. 1(N01), GU4 (ox) NE~a —damaged surface— 8. , —broken/blank— 9. [...] , [...] X —broken—

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2684

[...] , [...] [...] 2(N01), NI~a TUR ( "2 units of NI-commodity, small/junior grade") 2(N01), UTUL~a URU~a1@n ("2 units: bowl(-vessel) — of the city/URU-classifier") 1(N01), |DARA3~cxKAR2| ("1 unit: [compound sign DARA3xKAR2, uninterpreted]") 1(N01), ADAB ("1 unit: Adab") 1(N01), ZATU799 ("1 unit: [uninterpreted sign]") [...] , [...] X (break; traces only)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2686

[...] — [...] 9(N01) — KA~a, RAD~a, DI 7(N01) — BU3, NA~a 1(N14) [...] — RAD~a, DI# [...] [...] — X [...] (blank/entry) — LAGAB~b(?) [...] 2(N14) 6(N01) — TUR, |MUŠENxPAP~a|(?), TI 5(N01) — X [...] [...] — [...] 6(N01) — NUN~b 1(N01) — UDUNITA~a (ram / male sheep) 1(N01) — MAŠ2 (goat) [...] — [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2689

(Obverse, case 1) [...]: 3 (N01) units — [...], (a broken sign), the “mouth” (KA) sign, MA (vessel/boat sign). (Case 2) 3 (N01) units: TAK4 (“remainder/leftover allocation”) — A (water) — GU — ŠA. (Case 3) 2 (N01) units: DUB (tablet/record sign) — MUŠEN (bird) — MAŠ (goat/interest). (Case 4) [...]: [...] (broken). (Case 5) 5 (N01) units: [...] (broken). (Case 6) 3 (N01) units [...]: [...] (broken). (Case 7) 1 (N01) unit: [...] (broken). (Case 8) 1 (N01) unit: [...] (broken). (Case 9) 3(N14) + 1(N01) units: UDU (sheep/small livestock). (Case 10) [...]: APIN (plow/plow-team) — [broken sign] — [.…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2690

[...] , [...] x [...] , [...] [...] , [...] cloth (TUG2) [...] , [...] 1 (unit) , linen cloth (GADA) 2 (units), 1 (unit) , woman/female — BAR (ration/disbursement) , city/settlement (URU) — sanga-official [...] , cloth (TUG2) [...] , [...] 1 (unit) , [...] 1 (unit) , 1 (unit) [...] BAR , road/journey (KASKAL) — plow (APIN) [...] , [...] x

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2693

[...] , [...] sheep [...] , [...] DA / oil(?)/NI / wood-sign(GIŠ₃) [...] , [...] 3(N01) , NUN (quality/category marker) 2(N01) , goats , X [...] [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2694

1. [...] — [...] 2. 2 (units): EN ("lord"/high priest or institutional head) — EZEN (festival) 3. 1 (unit): KU6 (fish) — MUŠEN (bird) — MAŠ (goat/interest) 4. [...] — [...] 5. 2 (units): KU~b1 (sign uncertain) — AN 6. 3 (units): KU~b1 (sign uncertain) — KAŠ (beer) 7. 2 (units, sign damaged): DA — DU ("brought/delivered," or a personnel designation) 8. [...] — [...] 9. 9 (units): NA — KI (place/locative) — NAB(?) (reading uncertain, sign damaged) 10. 1 (unit): RU ("given/deposited," function uncertain) 11. 1(N14) 1(N01) (units, two different numeral signs): AN — BA ("disbursed/allotted") — GI (…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2695

[...] 2 (units), billy-goat(?), man 1 (unit), AN, Subarian(s)/dependent workers, mixed 1 (unit), reed(?), bird, NA(?) 2 (units), minister (sukkal), given/deposited 3 (units) [...], green/verdant [...] [...], [...] 1 (unit), disbursed, Kisiga(?) , 1 (N57-unit) disbursed, IB(?), Ur(?) 1 (unit) [...], [illegible] [...] 1 (unit), AN, hand/total(?) 4 (units), green/verdant 1 (unit), NA(?), place/ground 2 (units), storehouse(?), base/seat, [...] [...], [...] mouth/opening(?) 4 (N14-units) 5 (N01-units), sheep, [sign ZATU819] [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/01

1 (unit): Uruk (UNUG) 1 (unit): the lord/high official (EN), head (SAG), AN (sky / divine marker) 1 (unit): ZI-bird(s) (MUŠEN), beer (KAŠ) 1 (unit): hand/disbursement (ŠU), [compound sign GIŠ×ŠU2], foot/GIR3 1 (unit): ŠA, remainder/leftover allocation (TAK4), water (A) [...]: X [...] (break) 1 (unit): [...] (break) 1 (unit): X [...] (break) 1 (unit): PAP (supervisor/totaling marker), hand (ŠU) [...] (break) 1 (unit): [...] (break) 1 (unit): [...] (break) [...]: [...] (break) [...] 1 (unit): 1(N57) X [...] (break) the lord/high official (EN), KAL (strong/mighty?), BU-sign, X [...] (break)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/02

[...] , [...] [...] 2(N01) , [...] ... RU [...] , [...] MA KI NUNUZ(?) [...] , [...] SUKUD(?) NI [...] , [...] 2(N01) , ... [...] 4(N01) , BAN(?) ... [...] 3(N01) , [...] [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/04

(Obverse, broken) [...], [...] [...], [...] |ŠE~a.NAM₂|# [...], [...] (Numerical/livestock entries, reverse or lower obverse) 1(N14) 7(N01) — she-goats (UD₅~a) 8(N01) — ewes (U₈)#? 1(N14)# [...] 3(N01)# — [...] [...], [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/08

Case 1: [...], [...] (sign broken/illegible) Case 2: 1(N01) unit, DAR~a NI~a DA~a Case 3: BA (disbursed/allotted) Case 4: [...], [...] DI ... (sign) RAD~a Case 5: [...], [...] (sign broken) Case 6: [...], [...] (broken) Case 7: [...], [...] (broken) Case 8: [...], (sign) [...] (broken)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/09

[...], [...] NI(?) [...], [...] 2 units, ISZ(?) 2 units(?), ... [...] [...], [...] 1 unit, GIR3 (foot/transport sign, damaged) 1 unit, U2 (fodder/plant, damaged) GIR3@g (variant) 2 units(?) [...], [...] NI(?) 1 unit, LA2 (deficit/weighed-out) TUG2 (garment/cloth?) 1 unit, NE (fire/fuel sign) [...] 6 units, ... [...] 2 units, ... [...] [...], [...] [...], [...] ŠE.NAM2 SAG (barley/grain-NAM2, 'head'/person sign) [...], [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/10

1. [...], [...] ... (broken) 2. — Tigris (IDIGNA) — ME(~a) — ... — fish (KU6~a) — RAD(~a) — great/large (GAL~a) 3. [...], [...] ... (broken) 4. [...], [...] (broken) 5. — AN — dependent-workers/UR5(~a) — water (A) — 3(N57) — NAM2 — DI — 1(N57) — disbursed (BA) 6. [...], [...] (broken) 7. [...], [...] (broken) 8. 1(N14)#, [...] (broken) 9. 1(N14)# 2(N01)#?, [...] (broken) 10. 6(N01)#, [...] (broken) 11. [...], [...] (broken)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/12

[...] 1(N01), X [...] 1(N01), NIM(?) [...] [...] 2(N01), GI6 A [...] [...], AN [...] 1(N01), E2(?) X [...] [...], [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/13

(Line 1) [...] , [...] X (Line 2) [...] , [...] NUNUZ (egg/roe) SANGA (temple administrator?) (Line 3) [...] , [...] X (Line 4) 3(N01) , [...] X NI TUR (small quantity of NI/oil-fat commodity?) (Line 5) [...] , [...] (Line 6) [...] , [...] URU (city/settlement)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/14

[...] , [...] 2 (units) , storehouse(?) — bring/deliver: workmen [...] , ... [...] [...] , [...] remainder(?) ... [...] [...] 1 (unit) , [...] [...] , [...] ... 4 (units) [...] , lord/high official — TE [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/15

[...] , wool (SIG₂) 1 (unit) , garment (TUG₂) 1 (unit) , linen cloth (GADA) 1 (unit) , [...] 4 (units) [...] , [...] 2 (units) , linen cloth (GADA) 1 (unit) [...] , 1 (N57-unit) woman/female (SAL) [half-portion/BAR] [...] , foot/leg-sign (GIR₃), administrator (SANGA) [...] [...] , [...] X, half-portion/BAR(?) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2782/16

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] |LAGAB×SI| (uncertain reading) 3(N01) , honey/syrup (LAL2~a) — GI (reed-measure) 2(N01) , 4(N57) [ZATU759-sign] — storehouse (E2) 2(N01) , NI~a — small/TUR 1(N01) , ISZ~b — BU~a 1(N14) 3(N08) [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2843

4(N01), U8 (ewes) 7(N01), UD5~a (she-goats) 1(N14) 1(N01), UTUA~a (commodity: 11) 1(N14) 6(N01), UDUNITA~a (rams/male sheep: 16) 1(N14) 1(N01), NUN~b (qualifier category: 11) 3(N14)# 8(N01), MASZ2 (goats: 38, numeral partly damaged) 1(N34) 2(N14) 7(N01), UDU~a 1(N57) BA (sheep, total: disbursed/allotted) ,

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/01

(Obverse) 1. 2 (units) — sanga-official (chief administrator); RAD~a (unclear archaic term, possibly a title/action) 2. [...] — [...] (broken) 3. 1 (unit) — NA2~a (bed/platform sign); AB~a (cattle-stall / institutional term) 4. 2 (units) — E2~b (house/institution); PA~a (overseer / ration-category sign) 5. [...] — [...] (broken) 6. [...] — [...]; GIR3@g~c (foot/path sign, compound reading); SZUBUR (dependent workers / people of Subir); SIG (low-grade / wool-quality / brick sign); RAD~a (unclear archaic term) (Reverse: additional case-divisions with further signs are visible in the photograph,…

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/02

[...], [...] SAG (head/person) X [...], [...] X [...], [...] X [...] 4(N01), [...] 5(N01), X TUR [...] , SI |(U8×TAR)~b| AL [...], [...] SANGA TE RAD [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/05

[...] , [...] [...] 2(N01) , [...] [...] , [...] 3(N01) X [...] [...] , [...] 2(N01) , [...] 1(N01) , [...] 1(N01) , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/09

(Obverse) Column i 1. [...] , [...] 2. [...] , [...] x 3. [...] 1(N50) 4(N45) [...] , [...] 4. 1(N63) 1(N50) 4(N48) 7(N34) [...] , x [...] 5. [...] , [...] 6. [...] , [...] (Remainder of tablet — edges and reverse shown in photograph — uninscribed or bearing no legible signs beyond the numerical impressions noted above.)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/16

[...] , [...] ... [...] , [...] house/institution (E2) [...] , ... AN GUB3 ("left/standing") 1(N01) , beer (KASZ) 1(N04) AN ... , TE SZUBUR (dependent workers?) 1(N01) , GUG2 NI (oil/fat pouch?) [...] , [...] 1(N01) , interior/contents (ŠA3) [...] 1(N01) , AN SAGSZU ("persons in hand/under authority") 1(N01) , beer (KASZ) bird (MUŠEN) goat/interest (MAŠ) AN NI 1(N01) , AN NI ... [...] [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2862/17

[...] , [...] [...] , [...] storehouse(?) (E2~a) X [...] , [...] [...] , X AN, egg/roe(?) (NUNUZ~a0) 1 (unit) , MAR(~a) NI(~a) 1 (unit) , KA(~a) A [...] , [...] 1 (unit) , [...] given/deposited(?) (RU) 1 (unit) , NI(~a) A 1 (unit) , KU(~b1) AN [...] , [...] [...] , [...] [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/02

(Obverse) Line 1: [...] , [...] (broken) Line 2: [...] , UTUA~a (broken count — commodity: UTUA~a) Line 3: 1(N14) , UDUNITA~a — "1 (unit N14): male sheep (ram)" Line 4: 2(N14) 7(N01) , NUN~b# — "2 (units N14) + 7 (units N01): NUN~b (category/grade)" Line 5: [...] SIG# RAD~a# — broken; then SIG, then RAD~a Line 6: 1(N34)# 2(N14)# [...] , [...] UDU~a [...] — "1 (unit N34) + 2 (units N14) [...]: [...] sheep [...]"

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/03

[...] , [...] 2(N01) , LAL2~a NE~a 3(N01) , [broken sign] [...] [...] , [...] [(no entry)] , [...] [...] 1(N34) 2(N14) 3(N01) , [...] URU~a1 ("settlement") BU~a PA~a [...] , [...] A ("water") [...] , [...] AN [broken sign] SZUBUR ("dependent workers/Subarians") [...] , [...] APIN~b ("plow") [...] , [...] [broken sign] NI~a U4 ("day/sun") [...] , [...] [broken sign] PAP~a SAL ("woman") [...] , [...] [broken sign] NI~a MA ("boat/vessel") [...] , [...] [broken sign] SZUBUR ("dependent workers/Subarians") [...] , [...] [broken sign] [...] , [...] [broken sign]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/04

(Case 1) [...] , [...] x [broken] (Case 2) [...] , [...] x SZUBUR (dependent-workers/Subarians) — EN (lord/high official) — ZATU624 [sign uncertain, damaged] — NU (negation/classifier particle) (Case 3) [...] , RU (given/deposited) — KI (place/locative) (Case 4) [...] , [...] [broken] (Case 5) , URU (city/settlement) (Case 6) [...] , [...] [broken] (Case 7) 1(N14) 7(N01) [...] , x [...] [numeral notation: one N14-unit, seven N01-units] (Case 8) [...] , [...] [broken]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/05

(Column entry 1) [...] , [...] (Column entry 2) 1(N50) 5(N14) , ERIM~a (workers/laborers) KUR~a (highland/foreign-land designation) U2~b (fodder/plant material) [...] (Column entry 3) 4(N14) 5(N01) , [...] (Column entry 4) [...] , [...] (Column entry 5) 3(N34) 5(N01) , UDU~a (sheep/small livestock) (Column entry 6) [...] , [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/07

(Case 1) 4(N14) 1(N01) — barley(SZE), [commodity/ration], SAG, RAD. (Case 2) [...] , [...] (Case 3) 9(N14) — |3(N57).E2(b)|, KITI. (Case 4) 6(N14) 2(N01) — |E2(a)×3(N58)|, ZATU795, LAM(b). (Case 5) [...] 1(N14) 1(N01) 1(N39a) 1(N24) — [...] X. (Case 6) [...] , [...] X.

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/08

(Obverse) 1. 3(N14) , SU~a, PAP~a 2. 4(N01) [...], [broken sign] [...] 3. 4(N01) , [2 unidentified signs] 4. 1(N01) , SZA 5. 1(N01) , DI 6. 1(N01) , [sign, broken] 7. 1(N01) [...] , [...] (broken) 8. [...] , [...] (broken) (Reverse / final line) 9. 1(N34) 3(N14) 2(N01) , |(UDU~axTAR)~a| TAK4~a [sign] [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/10

[...] , [...] [...] 1(N01), UTUA~a 1(N14) 7(N01), NUN~b 7(N01), rams (UDUNITA~a) 9(N01), goats (MASZ2) (entry:) barley-NAM2 (ŠE~a.NAM2) 3(N01), sheep (UDU~a) (blank / case divider) 5(N14) 1(N01), [...] LAGAB~a, DUB~a [...] , [...] X 3(N01), BAR

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/14

[...], [...] 1 (unit) — oil(?), wood/wood-product 1 (unit) — ZATU694-sign, beer [...], [...] beer, X 2 (units) — highland/foreign(-designated), fodder/plant material, copper, copper 2 (units) — X, [...] [...], [...] 1 (unit) [...], [...] 3 (units) — workers/men, lion(-product?) 1 (unit) [...], X [...] [...], [...] mouth/gate(?) [...], [...] 3 (units, N57-system) — house/institution (E2)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/17

[...], [...] 2 (units) ewes (U8) 2 (tens) 2 (units) she-goats (UD5~a) 1 (unit) UTUA~a (commodity uncertain) 6 (units) [of] NUN~b (grade/category) 1 (unit) ram (UDUNITA~a, male sheep) 1 (unit) goat (MASZ2) [3 (tens)] 3 (units), sheep (UDU~a) [...], hand of the ox (ŠU GU4) , KU~b1(fish/food sign), MUNSZUB~b, ox, place/locative KI [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/21

(Obverse) 1. [...] , [...] 2. [...] , [...] 3. [...] , [...] SI (horn?) — LU2 (man) 4. 1 — MAR-vessel(?), "I" 5. 1 — ŠIR-vessel: NI (oil/fat?) 6. [...] , [...] ... AN 7. [...] , [...] 8. , [...] 9. [...] 2 — NUN (category/quality marker) 10. [...] 1 — UDU.NITA (male sheep, ram) 11. [...] , [...] KIŠ (category label) 12. [...] , [...] KIŠ (category label) 13. [...] 2 (large-unit count) — [...] 14. [...] 2 — [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/23

(Obverse, broken at top) [...] , [...] IB [...] URI 3(N01) , [...] [x] [...] , [...] 1(N57) BA [x] SIG 2(N01) , [x] 1(N01) [...] , NUN(?) [...] [...] , [...] DA 1(N01) , U2 NUNUZ , NAM2 KAB [...] , [...] IB [...] , [...] [x] [...] , [...] [x] NI MA [...] , [...] A(?) GA2(?) [...] [...] , [...] (remainder broken)

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/27

(Obverse) [...] 1(N01), ...... [...] 1(N01), dependent-workers/Šubur(-people) — RAD(sign, damaged) [...] 7(N01), purchase/exchange(?) 1(N01), house/institution(E2) — KI(place/locative, damaged) [...] (Reverse, following break) [...] 2(N01), [...] 2(N01), [...] 2(N01), ...... [...] 1(N01) [...], [...] [...], [...] AL(sign, damaged) 2(N57), salt(?) [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2863/28

(Obverse) [...] , [...] , 2(N57) PA~a UR3~b2 [...] , [...] , 1(N57) PAP~a SU~a 7(N01) , BA 6(N01) , GI [5(N01)] , [KALAM~b] 1(N14) 8(N01) , [...] DU TE [...]

Economy

~3100 BCE·Uruk PeriodOur engine

MS 2868

1. 8 (units, N34-count): “egg”-sign (NUNUZ) — barley-NAM2 (ŠE.NAM2, compound sign) 2. 8 (units, N34-count): GA-sign — GAL (“large/great”) 3. 3 (units, N34-count): NAM2 — PA — RAD — [...] (sign(s) broken/lost) 4. 2 (units, N34-count): DI — RAD 5. 1 (unit, N34-count): GIR3 (“foot”-sign) 6. 4 (units, N14-count) “egg”-sign (NUNUZ); 3 (units, N57-count): EN2.E2 (compound sign) 7. 1 (unit, N01-count): EŠDA 8. 2 (units, N48-count), 2 (units, N34-count), 4 (units, N14-count): “egg”-sign (NUNUZ) — NE 9. (no numeral given): SANGA — TE — RAD

Economy

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