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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Page 33 / 65

~1900 BCE·Old Babylonian

RIAo

Šamši-Adad I 12

(1) Šamšī-[Adad (I)], king of [the world].

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2001

(1) The name of this lion is “The Sealer of the Enemy of Šamšī-Adad (I) by the Command of the Goddess Ištar.”

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2002

(1) The name of [this] lion is “The Drinker of the Blood of the Enemies of Ša[mšī-Adad (I)] by [the Command of] the Goddess [Ištar].” (8) (Belonging to) Eme[urur], (which means) “the temple of gathering together divine powers.”

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2003

(1) Šamšī-[Adad (I)], appointee of the god Enlil, vice-regent of the god Aššur: Amaduga, his female servant.

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2004

(1) Šamšī-[Adad (I)], appointee of [the god Enlil], vice-regent of the god [Aššur]: [Ya]matti-[El, his] servant.

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2005

(1) Šamšī-[Adad (I)], appointee of the god [Enlil], vice-regent of the god Aššur: Yaḫuzānum, son of Zamāmu, his servant.

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2006

(1) Šamšī-[Adad (I)], strong king. Ammī-iluna, son of Irra-i[...], his servant.

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2007

(1) Yattiya, son of Samsī-malik, servant of Šamšī-Adad (I).

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2008

(1) [Ya]matti-[El], son of Ḫata ..., servant of [Ša]mšī-Ad[ad (I)].

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2009

(1) Tarim-š[akim], servant of Šamšī-[Adad (I)].

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2010

(1) Umannisuṭa, son of Idin-[...], servant of Šamšī-[Adad (I)].

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2011

(1) Adad-saga, son of Ḫaziya, servant of Šamšī-[Adad (I)].

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2012

(1) [M]ašiya, son of Šalim-[...], servant of Šam[šī-Adad (I)].

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2013

(1) Lu-Ninsianna, son of ..., servant of Šamšī-Adad (I).

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2014

(1) [Zi]mrī-ḫammu, [son of S]umu-ammim, servant of Šamšī-Adad (I).

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2015

(1) D[agān-...], son of ...[...], servant of Šamšī-Ad[ad (I)].

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2016

(1) Ṣurri-Adad, [son of Z]idriya, [servant of] Šamšī-Adad (I).

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2017 / CDLI Seals 009443

(1) Ibāl-eraḫ, son of Kiabkurānu, servant of Šamšī-Adad (I).

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2018

(1) Laḫar-abī, the scribe, son of Kakisum, servant of Šamšī-Adad (I).

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2019

(1) Sîn-iqīšam, son of Būr-Adad, servant of Šamšī-Adad (I).

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2020 / CDLI Seals 008051

(1) Rīš-ilu, son of Aduanniam, servant of Šamšī-Adad (I).

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2021

(1) Pazaya, son of Aḫi-šakim, servant of Šamšī-Adad (I).

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2022

(1) Kunnat[um], son of Mezi..., servant of Šamšī-Adad (I).

~1900 BCE·Old BabylonianRIAo

Šamši-Adad I 2023

(1) Samiya, son of Ḫani-m[alik], servant of Šamš[ī-Adad (I)].

~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianRIAo

Sargon I 1 / CDLI Seals 003474

(1) The divine Sargon (I), vice-regent of the god Aššur, son of Ikūnum, vice-regent of the god Aššur.

~1900 BCE·Old AssyrianRIAo

Sargon I 2001

(1) When the divine Sargon (was) vice-regent of (the god) Aššur, Ḫadītum, the wife of Bēlam-nāda, dedicated (this) to the Assyrian Ištar, her lady. She put (the symbol of the) pudendum into (the Ištar temple) for the life of her husband, her (own) life, and the life of her children.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Adad-narari I 01

Lists the cities and peoples — Kassites, Gutians, Lullumê, Šubareans — subjugated by Adad-nārārī I, documenting Assyria's territorial expansion toward the Euphrates and into Mitanni's former heartland around 1300 BCE.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianRIAo

Adad-narari I 06

A building inscription of Adad-nārārī I dedicating a standard to Ištar and invoking Aššur's favour for any future ruler who restores the monument — an early attestation of the Assyrian royal restoration formula that would persist for centuries.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianRIAo

Adad-narari I 1001

Attests Adad-nārārī I's campaign into the Lullumê highlands, placing Assyrian military reach into the Zagros within the generation that transformed Assyria from a vassal into an imperial power.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianRIAo

Adad-narari I 25

Labels booty taken from Naḫur, placing the city within Adad-nārārī I's documented conquests and anchoring his western campaigns in the archaeological record of early Middle Assyrian expansion.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianRIAo

Adad-narari I 31

Stamps Adad-nārārī I's ownership of a labūnu-house forecourt: one of the earliest Assyrian royal building inscriptions asserting the "king of the world" titulary that would define imperial rhetoric for centuries.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianRIAo

Adad-narari I 35

Records Adad-nārārī I's renovation of the processional avenue at Aššur's temple, anchoring the physical expansion of Assyrian royal piety to a specific monarch at the dawn of the Middle Assyrian kingdom.

Religion & Myth·Writing & Literature

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianRIAo

Adad-narari I 44

A palace inscription of Adad-nārārī I asserting the title 'king of the world' — early epigraphic evidence of Assyrian kings adopting the universal-sovereignty rhetoric previously claimed by Babylonian and Akkadian rulers.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Aššur-bel-kala 01

Attests Aššur-bel-kala's campaign against the land Ḫimme, preserving early Assyrian royal rhetoric of total destruction — flaying, mass deportation, corpse-mounds — that would define the empire's self-presentation for centuries.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Aššur-bel-kala 08

Attests Aššur-bēl-kala's titulature and genealogy — anchoring his reign within the Tiglath-pileser I dynasty — though heavy damage leaves his specific deeds and the presiding eponym unrecoverable.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Aššur-bel-kala 09

Records Aššur-bel-kala crossing the Euphrates twice in one year on goatskin rafts to pursue Aramean and Sutean groups near Mount Lebanon — early evidence of Assyrian military pressure on these semi-nomadic peoples.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Aššur-reša-iši I 02

Records Aššur-rēša-iši I's construction at the Ištar temple in Nineveh, situating this reign within the architectural patronage that defined Middle Assyrian kingship's claim to divine favour from Anu, Enlil, and Ea.

Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Eriba-Adad II 1

Preserves the titulary of Erība-Adad II, attesting the full fourfold royal ideology — king of the world, Assyria, and the four quarters — at the dawn of the Middle Assyrian imperial self-conception.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianOur engine

Šamši-Adad IV 1

Documents Šamšī-Adad IV's restoration of the Assyrian Ištar temple at Aššur, anchoring the reign's chronology to a specific eponymy date and establishing the dynastic continuity he claimed from Tiglath-pileser I.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Shalmaneser I 09

Records Shalmaneser I's restoration of the Libūr-šalḫī Gate at Aššur, fixing the king's piety and building programme in the mid-13th century BCE, before Assyria's rise to full imperial power.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Shalmaneser I 17

Credits Ištar of Nineveh — not Aššur alone — as the divine force behind Shalmaneser I's campaigns against Šubarû, Lullumê, and Qutû, documenting the goddess's role in mid-13th-century Assyrian royal ideology.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Shalmaneser I 18

Shalmaneser I's titulary here fuses Enlil-derived legitimacy with military conquest across Qutû, Lullumê, and Šubarû, documenting the mid-13th-century BCE consolidation of Assyrian royal ideology in its earliest monumental form.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Tiglath-pileser I 01

Opens with the fullest early pantheon invocation in Tiglath-pileser I's royal corpus, mapping the precise hierarchy — Aššur, Enlil, Sîn, Šamaš, Adad, Ninurta — that legitimised Middle Assyrian imperial kingship.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Tiglath-pileser I 02

Preserves the divine invocation formula of Tiglath-pileser I, naming Aššur, Enlil, Sîn, Šamaš, and Adad as guarantors of Assyrian royal authority — a theological blueprint for Middle Assyrian kingship ideology.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Tiglath-pileser I 10

Attests Tiglath-pileser I's claim to rule 'from Babylon to the Upper Sea of Amurru' — pinning the rhetorical geography of Middle Assyrian imperial ideology to a specific, verifiable territorial horizon.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianOur engine

Tiglath-pileser I 12

Lists fourteen conquered cities in the lands of Qumanî and Ḫabḫu — territories whose rulers had withheld tribute from Aššur — supplying rare toponymic evidence for Assyrian expansion into the northern periphery under Tiglath-pileser I.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianOur engine

BM 090715

[Mighty] king, king of the four quarters (regions) of heaven (and earth), the Ekišnugal — the ancient temple which, from distant days, had been built (and) had fallen into ruin — he built (it anew) for him (the god). To its (former) place he restored it. Its foundation(s) …

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle BabylonianOur engine

BM 137412

[The king of] the four world quarters — the Ekišnugal, the old temple, which since distant days had been built (and) had fallen into ruin — he built (it) for him (the god), to its (original) place he restored it, its foundation(s) he re-established.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianRIAo

Aššur-dan I 1001

One of the surviving royal inscriptions of Aššur-dān I, attesting the titulary and self-presentation of a Middle Assyrian king at the threshold of Assyria's rise to imperial power.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

~1300 BCE·Middle AssyrianRIAo

Aššur-dan I 1002

One of the surviving royal inscriptions of Aššur-dān I, attesting Assyrian kingship ideology at a period when Middle Assyrian power was consolidating along the middle Tigris.

Writing & Literature·Religion & Myth

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