Read Chronology Themes Tablets Engine About

Menu

Read
Chronology
Themes
Tablets
Engine
About

Sumerian · Book

Reading the tablets…

A curated narrative reconstruction of humanity's first great civilization, sourced from the tablets themselves. Open scholarship, beautifully accessible.

The site

About the project The engine Dossiers FAQ Methodology Sources & licensing Provenance & ethics Contact & support

Legal

Privacy policy Terms of use llms.txt Sitemap

Independent scholarship · No academic affiliation · No institutional funding · Tablet imagery attributed per item via CDLI, ETCSL, ORACC, Wikimedia, and public museum collections.

Home
All tablets

The corpus

All tablets.

Every tablet in the corpus — sortable by date, title or period; filterable by theme and period. Use the controls below or change the URL parameters directly.

Search

Sort

Oldest first Newest first Title (A–Z)By period

Theme

Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

Period

Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

Source

Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

2,770 of 102,257 tablets · 3 filters activeClear filters

51–100 of 2770

Page 2 / 56

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0828

(obverse) 5 gur of barley, 3 ban — 1 ban (as) ferry/transport fee(?) — Lu-sa, the farmer. 2 gur 2 barig of barley, 1 ban 5 sila — 5 sila (as) ferry/transport fee — Bara-nam, the nueš-priest. (reverse) Total: 1 barig of barley. I(d)-nin-mu-du, the nueš-priest of Enlil, received (it).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0830

To my lord, thus (says) Me-zi: 2 bur'u (= 20 bur) of field — last year Lugal-mu [gave] to him. It was not confirmed. Because he lodged a claim (lit. "set it before the eye"), for the sake of its replacement, if [...] Lugal-mu [...] ... [...] Its barley: 5 gur [...] I shall repay (it).

Daily Life·Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0839

Deficit (outstanding balance) of the chief scribe. [Defi]cit of Ur-Ištaran, the u5-man, (under) the chief scribe. [Defi]cit of the man of the measuring-rope (surveyor). [...] 3 1/2 nindan — work on the outer (bank). [...] work — the deficit. (On) the Eš-pešša canal. It is the 3rd day.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0842

1. 2 gur minus 3 ban 6 sila (of barley) — (for) the gal5-gal official: expended. 2. 2 gur — Meme, the mother of En-anatum: PAP (checked). 3. 1 barig — the man of the e-dam: PAP (checked). 4. 1 gur of barley by the correct (standard) gur — A-tag, 5. the man of the storehouse. 6. 1 gur — the man of the surveying-rope (surveyor): PAP (checked). 7. 1 gur — Lugal-e: PAP (checked). 8. the scribe(?) [...] 9. 3 gur — Maš-šu[...]: expended. 10. 1 barig 2 ban — regular offerings (sa2-du11) [...] 11. the man of the barley of the bala-[duty ...] 12. 3 ban — Dingir-igi-du-mu: expended. 13. Total: 27 gur 2…

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0845

[House] of Lugal-gešu; house of Ur-eš-peš-[ša]; Ur-Ištaran, … […]; Lu-dannam(?), …; […] … long reeds; … … … … (illegible); … … …, the boatman.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0846

Obverse [10] gur of barley, standard (si-sa2) measure: [regular offerings] of the gods, brought to the shrine (esz3-tum2). 2 gur of barley: Sipa-anne, the cook. 1 barig 3 ban 5 sila: the ducks (uz-tur); Ur-zigumma, the scribe; Lugal-magure. 2 ban of dabin flour: Zuzu. Reverse Total: 10 gur 2 (gur) 3 barig 4 ban of barley, 3 ban 5 sila, standard measure, gone out (expended). En-annatum.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0849

Obverse 3 reed mats, 7 [cubits (long)]; 6 reed mats, 6 cubits (long); 2 reed mats, 5 cubits (long): boat of Iškur-andul. 6 reed mats, 6 cubits (long); 2 reed mats, 5? [cubits (long)]: Reverse cargo boat [of ...]. (rest of reverse uninscribed)

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0850

Obverse(?) 2 ... |UMBIN×LU| (meaning unclear) 4 i-zi 12 [...]-ri 1 zi-ni-tum [...] poplar(s) [...]-am Reverse(?) [...] igi-še ra-a(?) (Total:) 95

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0863

Obverse 1. 5 talents of flax: 2. Kunše; 3. 2: Ursu, the courier; 4. 3: Lugal-ezem, overseer of the potters; 5. 3: Azugal; 6. 5: Lugal-e-maše, the farmer; 7. 10: Nita-x; 8. 2(?): [...]; 9. 3: Gal-[...], the chief farmer; 10. 1(?): [...]. Reverse(?) 11. Total: 37 [talents of] flax, 12. loaded on the boat. 13. 10: ni-x-x; 14. Amur-[...]; 15. 2: Ur-kuš.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0865

Obverse: [2 gur] 1 barig 2 ban 1/2 sila (sila) of dabin-flour, regular offerings; 3 ban minus 2 sila of zi-dabin-flour — for the festival of the orchard. [1] 1/2 sila of bread [...] zi-dabin-flour — (for the) Ne-Ne-gar (festival/month); Igizi (in charge). Reverse: [Total]: 2 gur 1 barig 4 sila of dabin-flour, regular offerings; [total]: 4 ban 4 sila of zi-dabin-flour. Expended by order. [Month: Du]kug.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0874

Obverse 1. Igibare 2. said: 3. "The troops of the land, 4. beloved of Dingirmah, 5. beloved of Ašgi — 6. to Šar-kali-šarri Reverse (the start is broken) 7. [...] 8. [...] 9. [...] donkey(?) [...] ... [...] gave(?) 10. (I) have no irrigated land. 11. Let him give me some irrigated land!"

Daily Life·Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0878

Obverse 4 bán (of barley): A-a, the carpenter; 4 bán: Bu-ša-ti-e, the potter; (these are) men. 3 bán: A-ra-ne-x; 3 bán: Im-[...]; 3 bán: Zi-[...]; [3 bán]: Na-[...]; [3 bán]: Du-[...]; (these are) wo[men]. Reverse Total: 2 men at 4 bán (each), 5 women at 3 bán (each). Their barley rations: 4 barig less 1 bán. Month: Akiti.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0885 + 1062

Obverse [What] Lugal-gesz says, [say] to Lugal-maszkim: “My messenger — a man killed (him). That matter [...] let it be [...]; to [Ki-babbar], let him transfer (it/him).” (End of text; the reverse contains the closing lines, partly broken.)

Daily Life·Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0890

Obverse 6 [ropes of KAxKID-type] — [......] 3 [......] 6 — [...]-mer 3 — Ilulu(?) 3 — Lugal-im 3 — Lani 3 — Kibad 3 — Ur-GAN2-ISZ (Reverse) 3 — Šu-ilisu Total: 30 ropes (eš2 |KAxKID|) he gave to them.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0892

Obverse [17 (20 minus 3) gur of barley]: [...]-enki and Ur-gal; U-ru, the overseer, brought it. 10 gur of barley: Lu-gu-mu-da; Geme-arsar brought it. Total: 27 (30 minus 3) gur of barley. Reverse ... [...] house of Ka-gula (?) was loaded (?); it was counted as one (lot). [...] ... [...]

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0901

Obverse 3 gur 2 barig 1 ban 5 sila of dabin-flour (for) 69 consumers, (of) Akkade; [...] 1 gur 2 barig of groats (nig2-ar3-ra), (for) 48 consumers; 4 gurdub-containers of beer-bread; 7 gurdub-containers of malt; 2 (units) of fish, for the sa-ZI.ZI (?). Reverse Returned. It is (the account) of the [...] time.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0910

Obverse: 71 gur, 2 barig, 4 ban [...] 2/3 sila of barley, by the gur-measure of Akkade: (the) remainder with Bizaza is on hand in Adab.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0926 + 1076

Obverse 2 gur of barley; 12 gur 1 barig 4 ban of emmer: to the storehouse of the granary it was brought in. Reverse Second time (delivery no. 2). (rest of reverse uninscribed)

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0932

Obverse 1. 2 eše (of field) [the word 'field' is left out by the scribe]: šega-ze2 (barley), 2. for the captain (nu-banda3); 3. 1 barig for the foreman; 4. 3 ban for the work-troop: 5. šega-ze2 (barley). Reverse 6. [...] for the captain; 7. 2 ban for the foreman; 8. 1 ban for [the work-troop]; 9. it is barley [...].

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0933

Obverse: 2 barig of sesame: A'a'a. 1 ban (and) 3(?) sila of 'drinking-stuff' flour: Lugal-tešmu. Reverse: Sesame (and flour) expended; Ur-Emah.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0938

Obverse 1. 3 gur of barley: 2. barley for groats, 3. (for) Mesag. 4. 3 (gur), principal: an exchange made for old barley, 5. (for) Zatum. Reverse 6. 1 barig: Kirbanum, the cook. 7. Total: 6 gur 1 barig of barley, 8. barley brought out of the sealed storehouse. 9. En-annatum.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0941

Obverse [An]si. [4]1 gur, 4 ban, 5 sila of barley: [at the] barber's house, in the residence of the craftsmen. Ansi. Reverse [...] 3(?) gur of emmer: [at the] outer barber's house, in the residence of the [cra]ftsmen. [An]si.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0944

Obverse 1. [6?] gur (big gur) of emmer wheat, 2. emmer of Šu-Eštar, ga-x; 3. 3 barig of emmer: 4. [...] Puzur-Mama, 5. brother of Imarum. Reverse 6. [Grand] total: 6? gur [3 barig] of emmer, big gur, 7. regular offerings of the gods [...]. 8. En[lil], the scribe, 9. [re]ceived (it).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0947

Obverse 1 ban 2 sila of za-flour (of the) Agade (standard/type); 1 ban 3 sila of gu-flour; [n sila] of groats; 4 sila of arzana-groats: (for) the table of the governor. 5 sila of za-flour: Ur-še, his man, the nu-eš priest. Reverse Total: 1 ban 7 sila of za-flour; [to]tal: 2 ban 5 sila of barley (products). [Ex]pended by Sipa-anne.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0948

Obverse 2 barig 3 ban of barley (for) fattened oxen; 3 ban: Lugal-gude'a. Total: 1 month. (Reverse / continuation) 2 barig 3 ban: fattened oxen [grain-fed]; 3 ban: Lugal-[gu]de'a; 2 ban: In-u. Issued (by) Bizaza.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0951

Obverse 2 barig of sesame: the chief constable (gal-la-gal); 1 barig: the chief smith; 1 barig: Lugal-ušur, [the smith?]; [...] Reverse Total: 1 gur of sesame. Ur-gu delivered it; the household administrator received it.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0953

Obverse [...] 31 gur 1 barig of barley, (in) Akkade gur; 48 (literally 50 minus 2) gur of emmer; Reverse [...]-gu2: expended. Total: 342 gur 1 barig 4 ban2 5 sila of barley, [gur] of Akkade.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0961

Obverse 5 gur 2 barig 3 ban of barley: Ur-e; 2 [gur]: Ur-Ištaran; 5 [gur] less 1 barig: E-zi[da]. Reverse Total: 12 gur 2 barig 3 ban of barley.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0964

3 ban of nu-u2-nunuz barley: Meme. 2 ban of emmer (and) wheat, 3 ban of nu-u2-nunuz barley: Igini. Total: 1 barig of nu-u2-nunuz barley; total: 2 ban of emmer (and) wheat. They received it as seed. Month: [...] ...

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0965 + 1016-1

Obverse [...] emmer, (by the) large gur; [... to ...]-tu; 2 barig: (to) Atu; [n]: (to) Lalla. Reverse Total: 4 gur 2 barig of emmer, (by the) large gur, [regular] offerings for the gods(?). Enlil, the scribe, received (it). Month: Še-sag-sa-ga.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0968

45 gur, 2 barig(?), 3 ban(?), 3 sila, 15 shekels of barley; per gur [...] 15 sila [...] (this barley) is set aside (lit. 'is placed outside'), (for / of) the porters.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0972

Obverse 1 barig 4 ban 5 sila (= 105 sila) of [large] chickpeas: Ur-Ištaran, the lu-u5 (rider?); 3 ban (= 30 sila): Lugal-mah; 2 ban (= 20 sila): Lugal-itida, Reverse the scribe, and Ur-nigar. (blank space) Total: 2 barig 3 ban 5 sila (= 155 sila) of large chickpeas. It is an expenditure.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0973

Obverse 29 gur 1 barig 5 sila of [barley]; 3 barig 1 ban 6 sila of dabin flour; 1 ban (variant ban sign) 2 sila of large legumes (gu-gal); [n sila] of small legumes (gu-tur); 3 sila of coriander. Reverse Issued (out). Enannatum. Month: 'later' Bahir.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0979

Obverse 2 gurdub-baskets of dates, E-un, choice (quality); 50 fish, 10 gamgam-fish: niĝdu-provisions of the fishermen. 1 ban minus 1 sila of dabin-flour of [Aga]de. [...] Delivered (mu-kux).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0982

[80 gur-mah of barley]: Lugal-nam-mah; 10 (gur-mah): E-sukkal-gesi. Total: 90 gur-mah of barley. Barley of Ur-rani, the vizier (sukkal), received. It is (the account) of the year.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0985

6 sila of dabin-flour, Agade (measure); 3 sila of gu-flour; 2 sila of dabin-flour; 1 sila of barley-[...]; 6 2/3 sila of [...]; Ka-en-en-ne (?); Igi-zi; 1 (vessel of) beer, 3 ban; Ki-Utu.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0988

Month: “Festival-of-Ninmug.” Until the 6th day had elapsed — the grain: its spoilage was present; the barley of the GI×U(-store) was booked out (as expenditure); it perished. (reverse) Ama-ga bound up the opening of the wall. On the 7th day the day(?) was released (i.e. it was opened again).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0989

3 ban of [barley — ...] Nin-urdu 4 ban: Ama-sukkal 4 ban: Nin-ḫili 4 ban: Nin-ušur-mu [n]: Ku-burina [n]: Igi-du-du 3 ban: Nin-ḫili 4 ban: Nam-ušur 4 ban: Nin-ama-mu 4 ban: Nin-šerzi 3 ban: Geme-gigir [Total:] 5 gur 2 barig [...]

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1007

(obverse) [...] [...] beer; An-gu, the general (šagina). 1 da-bulug bread, 2 (measures of) beer: x-en-[...], the general(?). [...] da-[bulug] bread, [...] beer; geš-nim [...] ... 1 load (gu₂) of flax, not [...]-split(?), 3 bundles of flax(?), 1 bundle of cress (še-lu₂), [...]-house(?), KU, gold, [...]-tum₂ (delivered/brought?). (The tablet is broken at the beginning and along the lower obverse; the reverse and the inscribed edges are largely effaced and cannot be read line by line.)

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1014

1 barig less 5 sila of dabin-flour, (by the) Agade (measure): Da-bulug — bread. 3 ban: they are the Meluhhans. 1 barig: Nabi'um. Total: 2 barig 2 ban 5 sila of dabin-flour, (by the) Agade (measure). Expended (for) the porters. Conveyor: Gen-na. Commissioner(?): Ili.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1015

864 bread(-loaves); its flour: 1 less 1, 1 [+ n sila], by the gur-measure of Agade; 1, ½ sila of ḪI×DIŠ barley — (for) the select ones (nisqū) and the soldier[s]. Barley expend[ed]. En-anna-tum. Month: Šu-[gar].

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1057

[...] flour (dabin) [... ] flour-for-sprinkling (zi3-dub-dub) Igi-zi 1 sila of flour (dabin) 1 sila of groats (nig2-[ar3-ra]) — when the plough was released — expenditure. Sipa-ane, the cook. Month: Duku.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1067

3 jars of oil, 4 sila (each); (for) Ur-Utu, overseer of the great boats, for the sea — he [delivered/issued] to him. (reverse) [...] Lu-x-zi, the cupbearer, is its commissioner (maškim). Month: še-sag-sa₆-ga.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1095

Month: "Harvest" (month of the reaping). 5 days having elapsed, work was done at the clod-crushing (of the plot); 10 days having elapsed, the barley was reaped; 15 days — that being the two of them added together — the field is confirmed.

Economy·Daily Life

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1099

Obverse 1. 10(?) [...] ..., 2. their barley ration: 4 gur 3 ban (in the measure) of Agade; 3. 1 ox, 4. its barley ration: 2 barig 3 ban. 5. Total: 4 gur 3 barig of barley (in the measure) of Agade, 6. expenditure of Bizaza, 7. in Adab.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1104

Obverse 1. 4,800 (6 × 600 + 2 × 600) barbar-reeds, 2. [...] persons(?)/head(?) ... of Agade, 3. [...] ... Nin-[...], 4. [...] ... ... [...], 5. [...] 6. [...] (Reverse) 7. [...] ... flax(?) [...], 8. [...]-si-eš-gur(?) (a personal name?), 9. [Total:] 8,683 (7 × 600 + 7 × 600 + 4 × 60 + 40 + 3) barbar-reeds, 10. (for/of) the boatmen.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Anonymous 270825

1. 1 (man): Kar-dug 2. 1 (man): Guza(?) 3. 1 (man): Lulum(?) 4. 1 (man): Ur-tur(?) 5. 1 woman: A-nu-dul 6. 1 (man): Utu-ursag 7. 1 (man): [...]-uri 8. from ...-..., 9. the overseer.

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Anonymous 270828

1. 3(šar) 5(gešʾu) 5(geš) 5(u) less 2 (= 14,148), given; 2. field of the E-šula (estate); 3. returned to hand (i.e., received/accounted for); 4. E-sursi(?); 5. A-maḫ(?); 6. the matter was confirmed(?) (lit. "the word arose"); 7. Ur-Ninmug(?).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Anonymous 270829

1. 1 barig 2 ban of emmer wheat — (of/for) Agade; 2. the trader(?) (ga-eš₈); 3. 1 barig 4 ban of emmer, 2 barig 1 ban of wheat; 4. 7 sila of emmer, allotted; 5. 1 ban 3 sila of emmer — the Amorite(s); 6. 6 sila — the son of Sabul; 7. 1 barig 2 ban of emmer for emmer-flour; 8. Total: 1 gur 4 ban 6 sila of emmer; 9. 6(?) sila of wheat — the boat (at) the quay, ...(TAG?-NE).

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Anonymous 270830

Obverse 1. 2 barig of dabin-flour, 2. (to) the man of Šuruppak 3. it was given (an-na-šum2). 4. Šeš-bad3, 5. the cupbearer, 6. was its commissioner (maškim). 7. (At/for) the e2-dumu (the 'children's house'); 8. Di-Utu 9. (was) the overseer (nu-banda3). 10. Month: "Barley harvest" (iti še-gur10).

1 2 3…56