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Sumerian · Book

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Religion & Myth Law Economy Astronomy & Mathematics Daily Life Writing & Literature

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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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Editorial Sumerian literature Sumerian royal Assyrian royal Assyrian archives

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Page 2 / 56

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0830

Obverse 1. To my lord: 2. thus (says) 3. Mezi: 4. 20 bur of field, last year(?), 5. my king 6. gave to him. 7. He did not confirm (it). 8. Because he looked into it, 9. for the sake of its restitution, Reverse (division inferred from the photo) 10. if [......] 11. my king [......] 12. year [......] 13. its barley, 5(?) [...... gur], 14. let me re[pay(?)].

Daily Life·Economy

~2270 BCE

·Akkadian Empire

Our engine

Adab 0839

Obverse 1. Outstanding: the chief scribe. 2. [Outstanding]: Ur-Ištaran, the rider, 3. (man of) the chief scribe. 4. [Outstanding]: the surveyor. 5. [...] 3 1/2 nindan: work outside (kin bar-ra). 6. [...] work outstanding. Reverse / edge 7. Canal Eš-peš-ša. 8. It is the 3rd day.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0842

1. 2 gur minus 3 ban 6 sila (of barley): the gal5-gal, expended. 2. 2 gur: Meme, mother of Enannatum; (PAP). 3. 1 barig: the man of the E-dam; (PAP). 4. 1 gur of barley, si-sa2 (measure), A-tag, 5. the man of the storehouse. 6. 1 gur: the man of the measuring-rope (surveyor); (PAP). 7. 1 gur: Lugal-e; (PAP). 8. dub-[...] 9. 3 gur: Maš-šu [...], expended. 10. 1 barig 2 ban: regular deliveries [...] 11. the man of the barley of the bala-[...] 12. 3 ban: Dingir-igi-du-mu, expended. 13. Total: 27 gur 2 ban 4 sila of barley, (by the) great gur.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0845

(The supplied transliteration carries no obverse/reverse markers; lines are numbered as given.) 1. [House of] Lugal-gešu, 2. house of Ur-eš-peš-[ša], 3. Ur-Ištaran, ... [...], 4. Lu-dannam(?), ..., 5. [...] ..., long reed(s), 6. (illegible) 7. ... ... ..., boatman.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0846

Obverse 1. [10] gur of barley, (by the) standard (gur measure), 2. [regular offerings] of the gods, 3. brought to the shrine (?). 4. 2 gur of barley: 5. Sipa-anne, the cook. 6. 1 barig 3 ban 5 sila (of barley for) ducklings: 7. Ur-zigumma, the scribe, 8. (and?) Lugal-magure. 9. 2 ban of dabin-flour: Zuzu. Reverse 10. Total: 12 gur 3 barig 4 ban of barley, gur, 3 ban 5 sila, (by the) standard (measure): 11. issued. 12. En-anatum.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0849

Obverse 1. 3 reed mats of 7 [cubits]; 2. 6 reed mats of 6 cubits; 3. 2 reed mats of 5 cubits: 4. (for) the boat of Iškur-andul. 5. 6 reed mats of 6 cubits; 6. 2 reed mats of 5(?) [cubits]: Bottom edge(?) 7. (for) the magur-boat [......].

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0850

2 ...... |UMBIN×LU| 4 izi 12 [......]-ri 1 zinītum [...] poplar(s) [......]-am [......] igi-še ra-a(?) (Total:) 95 (written 1 gešʾu + 35, i.e. 60 + 35)

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0863

Obverse(?) 1. 5 (bundles of) flax, 2. for the sluice(?); 3. 2: Ur-su, the courier; 4. 3: Lugal-ezem, overseer of the potters; 5. 3: Azugal; 6. 5: Lugal-e-maše, the farmer; 7. 10: Nita-x; 8. 2(?): [......]; 9. 3: Gal-[......], the chief farmer; 10. 1(?): [......]. Reverse(?) / edges 11. Total: 37 [bundles of] flax 12. are placed in the boat. 13. 10: Ni-x-x; 14. Amur-[......]; 15. 2: Ur-kuš.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0865

Obverse 1. [2] gur 1 barig 2 ban 1/2 sila of dabin-flour: regular offerings (sa2-du11); 2. 3 ban less 2 sila of dabin-flour (zi3 dabin): 3. (for) the festival of the orchard (ezem nig2-kiri6). 4. [1] 1/2 sila of bread [......] dabin-flour: 5. (for) the NE-NE-gar (festival); 6. Igizi. Reverse 7. [Total]: 2 gur 1 barig 4 sila of dabin-flour, regular offerings; 8. [total]: 4 ban 4 sila of dabin-flour (zi3 dabin). 9. Expenditure by order (zi-ga inim-ma). 10. [Month of Du]ku.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0874

Obverse 1. The one who looks upon (?) 2. — say to him! — 3. the people of the land, 4. beloved of Dingirmah, 5. beloved of Ašgi, 6. Šar-kali-šarri: 7. [......] 8. [......] (Reverse) 9. [......] donkey(?) [......] ... [......] gave(?). 10. I have no irrigated land. 11. May he give me some irrigated land!

Daily Life·Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0878

4 ban: A'a, the carpenter; 4 ban: Bušati'e, the potter; (they are) men. 3 ban: Arane-x; 3 ban: Im-[...]; 3 ban: Zi-[...]; [3 ban]: Na-[...]; [3 ban]: Du-[...]; (they are) wo[men]. Total: 2 men (at) 4 ban (each), 5 women (at) 3 ban (each); its barley ration: 4 barig less 1 ban. Month: Akiti.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0885 + 1062

Obverse 1. What Lugal-geš 2. says, 3. to Lugal-maškim 4. [s]ay: 5. "The man, my messen[g]er: 6. someone killed (him). 7. Its matter [......] let [......] Reverse 8. to the [Ki-babbar] 9. let him transfer (it)."

Daily Life·Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0890

1. 6 [ropes (of type) KAxKID] — 2. 3 [......] 3. 6 — [...]-mer 4. 3 — Ilulu(?) 5. 3 — Lugal-im 6. 3 — Lani 7. 3 — Kibad 8. 3 — Ur-GAN2-ISZ 9. 3 — Šu-ilīsu 10. Total: 30 ropes (of type) KAxKID 11. he gave (them) to them.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0892

Obverse 1. [17 (lit. 20 minus 3) gur of barley]: 2. [...]-enki 3. and Urgal; 4. Uru, the overseer, delivered (it). 5. 10 gur of barley: 6. Lugumuda 7. (and) Geme-arsar delivered (it). 8. Total: 27 (lit. 30 minus 3) gur of barley. Reverse 1. [...] ...... 2. (at/for) the house of Kagula. 3. Ansi 4. counted (it) at 1 (?). 5. [...] ...... [...] (rest broken)

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0901

Obverse 1. 3 gur 2 barig 1 ban 5 sila of dabin-flour (in Agade gur): 69 nag (units), 2. [...] 1 gur 2 barig of nig-ara (groats), (in) gur: 48 nag (units), 3. 4 gurdub-baskets of beer-bread, 4. 7 gurdub-baskets of malt, Reverse 5. 2 fish, (in) a net, for the ZI.ZI (?). 6. Returned (goods). 7. (It is) of the [...] trip/time.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0910

Obverse(?) 1. 71 gur, 2 barig, 4 ban, [...] 2/3 sila of barley, [gur] (measured by the standard) of Agade: 2. outstanding balance, 3. with 4. Bizaza 5. it is (on hand) 6. in Adab.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0926 + 1076

Obverse 1. 2 gur of barley, 2. 12 gur, 1 barig, 4 ban of emmer: 3. (into) the storehouse (of) the granary 4. were brought in. Reverse 5. The 2nd time.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0932

1. 2 eše <of field>: Šegaze, 2. the captain (nu-banda); 3. 1 barig: the foreman (ugula); 4. 3 ban: the troops (erin). 5. Šegaze: 6. [......]: the captain; 7. 2 ban: the foreman; 8. 1 ban: [the troops]. 9. Barley [......] it is.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0933

1. 2 barig of sesame: 2. A'a'a. 3. 1 ban 3(?) sila of flour for the beverage(?) (nig2-nag-ga2): 4. Lugal-tešmu. 5. Sesame, expended; 6. Ur-Emah.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0938

Obverse 1. 3 gur of barley, 2. barley for groats: 3. Mesag. 4. 3 (gur), the principal(?) of an exchange made, old barley: 5. Zatum. Reverse 6. 1 barig: Kirbanum, the cook. 7. Total: 6 gur 1 barig of barley, 8. barley that went out from the sealed storehouse. 9. Enannatum.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0941

Obverse 1. [An]si. 2. [4]1 gur, 4 ban, 5 sila of barley: 3. [the house] of the barber, the residence of the workshop. 4. Ansi. Reverse 5. [...] 3(?) gur of emmer: 6. [the house] of the outer barber, the residence of the [work]shop. 7. [An]si.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0944

Obverse 1. [6?] gur (by the) great (gur), emmer: 2. emmer, Šu-Eštar, ga-x; 3. 3 barig emmer: 4. [...] Puzur-Mama, 5. brother of Imārum. Reverse 6. [To]tal: 6? (gur) [3 barig] emmer, (by the) great gur, 7. regular offerings of the gods [...]; 8. En[lil], the scribe, 9. [re]ceived.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0947

1. 1 ban 2 sila of za-flour (by the measure) of Agade; 2. 1 ban 3 sila of fine flour; 3. [n sila] of groats; 4. 4 sila of arzana-groats: 5. (for) the table of the governor. 6. 5 sila of za-flour, for the roof; 7. his man, the nu-eš priest. 8. Total: 1 ban 7 sila of za-flour; 9. [to]tal: 2 ban 5 sila of barley (products). 10. [Expe]nded, (by) Sipa-anne.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0948

1. 2 barig 3 ban of barley: 2. grain-fed oxen; 3. 3 ban: Lugal-gude'a. 4. That of 1 month. 5. 2 barig 3 ban: [grain-fed] oxen; 6. 3 ban: Lugal-[gu]de'a; 7. 2 ban: In-u. 8. Issued; Bizaza.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0951

2 barig of sesame: Gallagal (or: the chief constable); 1 barig: the chief smith; 1 barig: Lugal-ušur, [the smith?]; [...] Total: 1 gur of sesame. Ur-gu delivered (it); the administrator of the household received (it).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0953

Obverse 1. [...] 31 gur 1 barig of barley, (by the) Agade (gur); 2. 48 (lit. 50 minus 2) gur of emmer; 3. [...]-gu2, expended (zi-ga). 4. Total: 342 gur (5 sixties, 4 tens, 2) 1 barig 4 ban2 5 sila of barley, (by the) [gur of] Agade.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0961

1. 5 gur 2 barig 3 ban of barley: 2. Ur-e; 3. 2 (gur): Ur-Ištaran; 4. 5 (gur) less 1 barig: E-zi[da]. 5. Total: 12 gur 2 barig 3 ban of barley.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0964

Obverse 1. 3 ban of nu'u-nunuz barley: 2. Meme. 3. 2 ban of emmer (and) wheat. 4. 3 ban of nu'u-nunuz barley: 5. Igini. Reverse 6. Total: 1 barig of nu'u-nunuz barley; 7. total: 2 ban of emmer (and) wheat. 8. For seed they received (it). 9. Month [...] ... ...

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0965 + 1016-1

Obverse 1. [n gur of] emmer, (by the) large gur, 2. [PN]-tu; 3. 2 barig: Atu; 4. [n]: Lalla. 5. Total: 4 gur 2 barig of emmer, (by the) large gur, 6. [for the regular off]erings of the gods. 7. Enlil, the scribe, 8. received (it). 9. Month: Še-sag-saga.

Economy·Religion & Myth

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0968

Obverse 1. 45 gur, 2? barig, 3? ban, 3 sila, 15 shekels of barley, per gur [each]; 2. 1 ban, 5 sila [...] 3. placed outside (i.e. outstanding). 4. Ug-IL₂.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0972

1. 1 barig 4 ban 5 sila of large chickpeas: 2. Ur-Ištaran, 3. the rider. 4. 3 ban: Lugal-mah, 5. 2 ban: Lugal-itida, 6. the scribe, 7. and Ur-nigar. 8. Total: 2 barig 3 ban 5 sila of large chickpeas; 9. it is expended.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0973

1. 29 gur, 1 barig, 5 sila of [barley], 2. 3 barig, 1 ban, 6 sila of dabin-flour, 3. 1 ban, 2 sila of large pulses, 4. [n sila] of small pulses, 5. 3 sila of coriander: 6. disbursed; 7. Enanatum. 8. Month: Later Bahir.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0979

2 gurdub-baskets of dates, E-un, select quality; 50 fish (of the) water(?), 10 gamgam-fish: provisions of the fishermen; 1 ban minus 1 sila of flour [of Ak]kade; [...] delivery.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0982

Obverse [80 great gur of barley]: Lugal-namah; 10 (great gur): E-sukkal-gesi. Reverse Total: 90 great gur of barley, barley of Urrani, the envoy, received. (It is) of this year.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0985

6 sila of dabin-flour, (by the) Agade (standard); 3 sila of zi-gu flour; 2 sila of dabin-flour; 1 sila of še-[...]; 6 2/3 sila of ... [...]; Ka-enene(?); Igizi; 1 (gur) 3 ban of beer; from Utu.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0988

Obverse 1. Month: ezem-Nin-mug (Festival of Nin-mug). 2. When 6 days had passed, 3. (it was found that) damage to the barley existed. 4. The barley of the GI×U was taken away (zi-ga); 5. it died. 6. The ama-ga (was what) they tied up at the gate of the (city-)wall. Reverse 7. On the 7th day, 8. the day was released.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 0989

3 ban [......]; Nin-urdu; 4 ban: Ama-sukkal; 4 ban: Nin-hili; 4 ban: Nin-ušurmu; [n (ban)]: Kuburina; [n (ban)]: Igidudu; 3 ban: Nin-hili; 4 ban: Nam-ušur; 4 ban: Nin-amamu; 4 ban: Nin-šerzi; 3 ban: Geme-gigir. [Total]: 5 (gur), 2 barig [......]

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1007

Obverse(?) [...] [...] (measures of) beer, (for) Angu, the general. 1 dabulug (container) of bread, 2 (measures of) beer, (for) ...-en-[...], the general. [...] da[bulug] of bread, [...] (measures of) beer, Geš(?)-nim [...] ... 1 talent of LU, ... nu-[...]-dar(?), 3 bundles of LU(?), 1 bundle of coriander, [...]-e: KU of gold, [...] brought.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1014

Obverse 1. 1 barig minus 5 sila of dabin flour, (by the) Agade (standard): 2. Da-bulug, (for) bread; 3. 3 ban: they are Meluhhans; 4. 1 barig: Nabium. Reverse 5. Total: 2 barig 2 ban 5 sila of dabin flour, (by the) Agade (standard), 6. expended (by/for) Ug-IL₂; 7. via Gena; 8. commissioner: Ili.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1015

864 (loaves of) bread; its semolina: 1 gur minus 1 (unit) 1 [... sila], (in) Agade (gur); 1 (unit) ½ sila of barley (for) ḪI×DIŠ; (for) Nisqu and the sol[diers]. Barley expen[ded] (by) Enanatum. Month Šu-[gar].

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1057

[...] dabin-flour, [... a heap (of) fl]our (zidubdub), igi-zi; 1 sila of dabin-flour, 1 sila of gr[oats]: (for when) the plough was 'released'; expended; Sipa-anne, the cook. Month Dukug.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1067

3 jars of oil, (each of) 4 sila, Ur-Utu, overseer of the large boats, to the sea [...] to/for him [...] [...] Lu-x-zi, the cupbearer, (was) its commissioner. Month: Še-sag-saga.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1095

Month of the harvest: 5 days have passed; the [sar] for the threshing (gaz) has been done. 10 days have passed; the barley has been harvested. 15 days: its second (stage), the field is confirmed.

Economy·Daily Life

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1099

10? [...] ..., its barley ration: 4 gur 3 ban, (by the gur of) Agade; 1 ox, its barley ration: 2 barig 3 ban. Total: 4 gur 3 barig of barley, (by the gur of) Agade. Issued; Bizaza. In Adab.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Adab 1104

6 gešʾu(@v) 2 gešʾu bar-bar reeds, [...] the chief(?) of Agade; [...] ... Nin-[...]; [...] ... [...] [...] [...] [...] ... [...] [...]-si-ešgur(?); [Total:] 7(?) gešʾu(@v) 7 gešʾu 4(?) geš 43 bar-bar reeds, (of) the boatmen.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Anonymous 270825

1 Kardu; 1 Guza(?); 1 Lulum(?); 1 Urtur(?); 1 woman, Anudul; 1 Utu-ursag; 1 ...-uri; ......-ta, foreman.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Anonymous 270828

3 šar, 5 šar'u-units of 600, 5 geš-units of 60, 50 minus 2 (= 14,148 units), given; (from) the field E-šulla; returned (to the hand). E-sursi(?). A-mah(?). By the word of Izi(?). Ur-ninmug(?).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Anonymous 270829

1. 1 barig 2 ban of emmer: Agade; 2. merchant(?). 3. 1 barig 4 ban of emmer, 2 barig 1 ban of wheat; 4. 7 sila of emmer: Ba'a; 5. 1 ban 3 sila of emmer: the Amorite; 6. 6 sila: the son of Sabul; 7. 1 barig 2 ban of emmer, flour, for emmer groats. 8. Total: 1 gur 4 ban 6 sila of emmer. 9. 6(?) sila of wheat: the boat of the quay of TAG(?)-NE.

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Anonymous 270830

Obverse 1. 2 barig of dabin-flour, 2. (to) the man of Šuruppak 3. it was given (an-na-šum2). 4. Šeš-bad3, 5. the cupbearer, 6. was its commissioner (maškim). 7. (At/for) the e2-dumu (the 'children's house'); 8. Di-Utu 9. (was) the overseer (nu-banda3). 10. Month: "Barley harvest" (iti še-gur10).

Economy

~2270 BCE·Akkadian EmpireOur engine

Anonymous 270834

Obverse 1. 3 jugs of beer: Tišida(?); 2. 2 (jugs of) beer: ḫalḫal-beer; 3. 2 (jugs of) beer, 1 basket: Geme-Ašgi; 4. 2(?) (jugs of) beer, 1 basket: Bilatum; 5. 2 (jugs of) beer, 1 basket: Dudaga(?); 6. 3 drinking jars: Lul-e; 7. 4 ban of bread of emmer flour, barley [...]; 8. 5 ban (and) 5 breads of barley [...]; 9. 15 breads: Lu-ag(?); 10. 6 breads: Ur-[...].

Economy

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