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Ubaid Uruk Period Early Dynastic Akkadian Empire Ur III · Neo-Sumerian Old Babylonian Old Assyrian Middle Babylonian Middle Assyrian Neo-Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemenid Persian

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~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

HSS 03, 50

12 gur 2 barig of seed-grain (measured in) gur-saggal (the standard 'big gur' measure): Inimanizi, the chief plowman (sag-apin) — to the field 'Saga-tur' ("Good-Little(-Field)") he carried (it). Month: 'ga2-udu-ur4' ("shearing of sheep"). Enigal, the manager (nubanda), from the e2-ki-sal4-la (storehouse/threshing-floor building) set it out for him. 6.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

JCS 46, 011

4 sheep, dry(-fleece) wool — (for/from) Nigar-mud; 1 sheep — Ur-Uru'a, the governor; sheep whose wool was sheared on shearing day, set aside at the edge/boundary; silver, 5 shekels each, was placed against their necks (charged to their account). Baranamtara, wife of Lugalanda, governor of Lagash. Year 4.

Economy

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

LB 0003

1(geš2) HU-wool [i.e. 60 units of HU-grade wool]; 283 wool-rations, large (grade); 590 (= 600 minus 10) wool-rations, second (us2) grade; 84 wool (belonging to) Ur-[x]-HA-NI-a; 1 [...] [6? ...] sila3, total [...]; 1 (unit of) bar-udu, wool of bar-dul5-type. Grand total: 1,025 (units) bar-udu wool. (Under authority of) Šulme, the steward (agrig), in the palace, was weighed out (disbursed). [...] (Year:) Lugalanda, ensi2 (ruler) of Lagash, year 3.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

LB 0007

1 barig 2 ban2: cow's cheese/curd. [x] ... emmer wheat. (break) [x ... cow's cheese/curd] (restored) [x] ... emmer wheat. Ur-Ninmar. 2 barig 3 ban2: cow's cheese/curd. Ur-Eshirnun — they are cowherds. Ur-igi-ama-she, the overseer, measured (it) out. Urukagina, king of Lagash. 5 (units, notation |ASZxDISZ@t|).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

LB 0009

1 jug (of) suspended/measured-out fat, pig fat — (for) Nin-asu. 2 (units): Ninanesi. 2 (units): Geme-dug. 2 sila(?) (of) Ganbaba. 2 hides/leather ...[...] Ahi-[linutil].

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

LB 0932

[Deficit: x shekels of refined] silver. ... document/tablet of ..., it is the field of Huburuma. To Ur-igi-ama, the overseer (nu-banda3), in the house of the man of the measuring-rope (the surveyor), it was declared. When the account was rendered with him, it was placed upon his account (as debt): 6 (units).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MCS 4, 012 01

91 nanny goats, 1 kid, in good condition, 1 he-goat, in good condition, (under) Amar-ezem, Ur-nuda, Edalu. Urukagina, king of Lagash. 7 (notation: ASZxDISZ numeral sign)

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MLVS 002

4 hides, male sheep; 6 hides, male lambs; 3 hides, [......]; 7(?) [...... hides ......]; 20(?) [...... hides,] kid(s), [......]; the harbor official (en-ku3), by the fattener (kuruszda) — month: festival of Baba — returned into (his) hand. (Transaction of) Baranamtara, wife of Lugalanda, ruler of Lagash. Year 2.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MLVS 004

10 gur barley, sag-gal measure (i.e. of the 'large-head' capacity standard) — as much as its portion (bar) is (still) outstanding/available — Lugalanda — (from/of) the storehouse 'E-gišubidu' ("House-whose-shade-is-good") — to the man, the brewer — he set (it) out for him. 4 (notation).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MLVS 010

1 hide of ox, hide of calf — for the plow('s fitting/harness) — allotted (ba-PAD-PAD). 2 hides of ox — for the good chariot — disbursed/weighed out (ba-la2). 2 hides of ox — for the IG-NI-du10 (object/fitting) — disbursed/weighed out (ba-la2). Month: 'Granary Heaped Up' (guru7 dub-ba-a). Was consumed/allotted (ba-gu7). [......] (traces, illegible).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MLVS 012

Basket of tablets: Barley of the nig₂-en-na (obligatory/lordly dues), of the field, (concerning) the transfer(s); (concerning) transfer(s) to the storehouse (ganuna) — [it is on hand / in her custody]. [Bara-namtara], wife of Lugal-anda, ensi₂ (governor) [of Lagash — n (tablets)].

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MLVS 917

11 bar-dul5 garments — (of) the weaver(s) — for Ur-igi-ama, the overseer (nu-banda3). Month: 'the granary, the clay (tablet) opened' [iti guru7 im-du8-a]. Šulbi — he counted for him: 3.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MLVS 918

1/3 mana of za-KU wool — (for) Ur-Ninpirig, the leatherworker. 10 shekels — Ur-igi, the overseer. 10 shekels — Šullu. 15 shekels — ŠUL-bi2. Ur-igi, the captain (nu-banda3). (At) the house of the man of the surveying-rope (surveyor). Month: 'Festival of malt-eating' of Nanše, in the gu2-ne-ne-a (storeroom), [it was placed/deposited].

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MLVS 919

Obverse (arranged in two columns of cases, read top to bottom, right column then left, per archaic tablet convention): 1. [...] ..., split/processed 2. [...] ..., poured (libated) 3. [... ...], poured (libated) 4. [...] gir-fish, split/processed 5. 20(?) [...], gestu(-fish/ear-item), split/processed 6. 140 (2(gesz2) 2(u)), gestu(-fish/ear-item), poured (libated) 7. 20, bitumen (esir) 8. 1, KA-lu-ub2 9. 2, zubud 10. 480(?) (8(gesz2)#?), [...], [...] 11. 70 (1(gesz2) 1(u)), tar 12. 20, nu-tar 13. 15, ki-zi 14. 6, garig (REC333) (Reverse: blank/uninscribed — no cuneiform signs, only the modern…

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MVN 03, 005

[x] 1(u@c)(?) bundles of reed ... 43 bundles of reed [...] cut reed(s) [...] (break) ... "good word" (Inim-duga) 5(gešʼ2) [= 300] bundles of reed cut reed(s) ... (break) It is the 2nd granary. Total: [x] 2 šár 8 geš2 [= 7,680+x] bundles of reed. Enigal, the overseer (nu-banda3). [...] (break) (To) the storehouse "House at the Edge of the City": delivered: 1.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MVN 03, 009

Its area: 1 bur3, 1 eše3, 4 iku, (of) iku(-measure). [...the] nig₂-en-na(-goods) [...] ... [...] ... [...] ... 3 reeds(?) ... matching/aligned heads (sag-sa2) Its area: 1 barig, 1 ban2, ... 30 sar ... its area: 1 barig, šag-TAR ... (illegible) Ur-šul adjoining (the watercourse) Imnun, at Akita.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MVN 03, 012

20: wool-workers (lu2 siki), 2 minas (each). Ur-lumma, son of PI-EN: was given (to him). 10: mug-garments (tug2 mug), Enku, the fisherman: was given (to him). The hired man(s) (lu2 hun-ga2): [...] ... Month: Akiti.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MVN 03, 016

[...]-ke4 (subject/commodity, broken — ergative marker) [Gu]abba (place name, partly broken) for/under the account of Geme-Baba — [...] NU DISZ (signs broken, function unclear) [...] ...-ra (broken) En-iggal, the overseer (nu-banda3), from the storehouse at the edge of the city, gave to him/her: 3 (units).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MVN 03, 017

1 lamsag-leather (sack), 10 (units) — in the house, the great granary that is built, [are on hand]. 4 hoes, 49 teeth of the field-harrow (GAN2-ur3) — in the tilluba(-storeroom) are on hand. 1 leather ball, 3 [...] [...] [...] its/that ...-ka he/it brought (na-i3-mi-ri) Puzur-Mama, the farmer.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MVN 03, 018

4 gur saggal of barley — barley of the field of Uru'a — Enigal, the overseer, (into) the granary of Baba, in Lagash. isi: 2.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MVN 03, 020

[x (x)] jars. [1(gur)?] 2(barig) barley, (in) gur-measure. 1(gur)? 2(barig): Ur-šul. 8(gur) 2(barig)?: jars. 1(gur) 3(barig): Ur-gu. 10 (gur) minus 1(barig): jars. 2(gur): Iri-ki-du10. 6(gur): jars. 2(gur) 3(barig): Ur-e2. 5(gur) minus 1(barig): jars. 1(gur): Ur-ur.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MVN 03, 066

279 (4×60 + 40 minus 1) ewes, 16 e3-li, 84 (60 + 20 + 4) male sheep (rams), [...] Lala, to the shepherd — were given.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MVN 03, 091

1 gur 2 barig barley — new loan. Ur-gula, the carpenter. 1 gur — Lugal-uma, Nene, the temple administrator. 2 barig — Nin-nigani, son of Ari.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

MVN 03, 094

n(+) 21(?) gur saggal of barley (head-measure) — Ur-abzu. Barley, at that place, filled (si). 6 gur 2 barig — barley (of) TAR-USZ. 7 gur 2 barig, filled — barley, at the place of [...], (of) AL-abzu. 2 barig — PU₃-SAR(?), ...(?). 2 gur — Amar-abzu. U₄-sa. [n] gur 2 barig — Amar-abzu. 1 gur — Ur-...-ka. Barley (of) Ha-mul.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

N 0290

2 barig(c) of u2-hab2-plant; 10 (units), disbursed (ba); 1 furrow-measure (absin3) of cedar aromatic-resin (šembi/šim erin-na); from [PN(?)], to Kish; [...] -tu; [...] -built/-du3; was given (to him) / An-na-šum. Month: "Silver-ŠIM" (ku3-ŠIM); day 10 having passed.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 007

1 (person): Lugal-da-nu-me-a 1 (person): A-bad-mu 1 (person): Lugal-dingir-mu They died. 1 (person): Dingir-kalga — the ruler (ensi2) took (him) away. They are the female workers of Baba. 1 (person): Muni-kalama 1 (person): E-ta-e11 They died. They are the female workers of Tar-sirsira. 1(broken numeral sign)?

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 033

3 bur3 field(s), grain-grown, tenant plowland (apin-la2), having 10 — field of Ha-hara-gur, its total: (by) the scribe. Field of [Urum], (of) Bara-[namtara], wife of Lugal-[an]da, [ruler] of Lagash: En-[ig-gal], the manager (nubanda), measured (the field); (total) 4.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 034

150 1/2 5 gi (rods) — the long side, aligned/verified; 60 gi (rods) — the front (short side), aligned/verified. Its area: 4 bur3 3 iku — the field "Tug-siga" ("cloth-filled" field). 120 1/2 gi (rods) — the long side, aligned/verified; 10 1/2 2 gi (rods), 3 kuš3 (cubits) — the front (short side), aligned/verified. Its area: 1 bur3 2 iku — the "Kigal" field ("high-ground/socle" field). Field of the household-estate (nig2-en-na). Field set aside for the donkeys. Subsistence-allotment (šuku) of the ensi2 (ruler-governor). En-iggal, the nu-banda3 (inspector/overseer). Surveyed (mu-gid2): 4(?).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 036

1 bur3, 1 eše3, 2 1/4 iku, 8 sar (and) one-third of 10 (sar) — the field's (area): a barley-growing field, under plow-lease (tenancy). Its barley: 131 gur 2 barig 4 ban2, by the saggal (standard) measure, at the regular (si-sa2) rate. Ur-du6, the chief herdsman (šusz3). Field of Lugal-ra-mu-gi4, from (the holding of) Nam-engar. Inim-Enlila-andab, (and) Lu-Baba, the farmers, measured (it). 4 (entry/occasion marker).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 037

6 bur3 2 iku field: barley. 1 bur3 2 eše3 3 1/2 1/4 iku field: white emmer. 3 iku field, 20 sar field: wheat. 35 sar: NE-GI-bar barley. Total: 8 bur3 3 1/4 iku field — barley, wheat, (and) emmer. Field of Alimu: 1 (plot). 20 1/2 3 gi-reeds (and) 3 cubits: matching width (sag). 1(aš) 30 1/2 5 gi-reeds: matching length (us2). Its field: 1 bur3 1 eše3 2 iku, adjoining Da-UD-NE. 5 bur3 less 1/2 iku field: barley. 1 bur3 2 eše3 field: white emmer. Field of the ki-ul ('holy/ancient place'): without a holder. Šubur, the manager (nu-banda3). Surveyed (mu-gid2): 1.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 055

125 gur saggal minus 1 ban2 — barley rations, barley of Šulšagana. 141 minus 1 ban2 — barley rations, (of) the house of Baba, (of) the house of Šulšagana, from the gate-house of Baba, (which) was built — its allotment: 6.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 056

2 barig barley rations: Nin-ti-men. 1 barig 2 ban2: Nin-mar-lu-mu. 1 barig 2 ban2: Ur-e. 2 barig: U-U. 3 ban2: Nin-mudakush. 2 barig pig-barley (barley for the pigs): Nin-mudakush. Total: 2 gur 1 barig 1 ban2, by the standard gur (gur-saggal). Barley rations, barley allotted (as an issue), for the people who have no subsistence-field allotment (šuku). Shubur-tur, the manager (nu-banda3), disbursed to them: 1 (numeral-sign ASZxDISZ); it is the 10th (disbursement).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 058

1(gešʼu) 1(geš2) 2(u) 2(aš) 2(barig) 2(ban2) — barley rations, big-gur (measure) RU-lugal of Ningirsu Urukagina ruler of Lagash [Enigal] the overseer gave (it) to them day 2 it is (year) 4

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 065

6 gur, 1 barig of seed-grain (measured by the “saggal”/chief gur-standard) — for U2-U2 (and) Udu'e — who have no GAN2-UL field, was delivered (ba-de6). Eniggal, the overseer (nubanda), from the house of Kisala (e2-ki-sal4-la) allotted it for them. 6.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 066

2 gur 5 ban2 barley (in the sag-gal / "large-head" measure) — barley for regular offerings/rations, for 3 days, for Ur-igi-ama, the overseer (nu-banda3), from the New House (granary) — was issued/set out. (Tally notation:) 3 placed(?) — 8 (numeral sign).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 069

3 gur (saggal-standard) barley, oxen-fodder, consumed — Ur-enki. 3 gur — Saga-tuku'a. [3 gur] — Ane-kura. 3 gur — Inim-ani-zi. They are chief-plowmen. Total: 12 gur (saggal-standard) barley. Barley for the tugx(LAK483), finished/filled, consumed, for the field bordering the tir-amma forest (the poplar/Amma-forest edge). Eniggal, the manager (nubanda), from the market-house (e2-ganba) he disbursed it. 6.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 070

2 gur 3 ban2 emmer, by the saggal ("chief") measure — [emmer-seed] for the (person) [lacking a share] in the GAN2-UL field: U2-U2, the ušdura (u2-du-ra), (by) En-iggal, the nubanda (overseer), month: "sheep-shearing" (ga2-udu-ur4), from the Ki-sala storehouse (e2 ki-sal4-la) it was issued — 4th (entry/time).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 071

10 gur (main-standard measure) white emmer-wheat, 5 gur 1 barig 1 ban2 barley — of the new harvest/threshing — barley brought from the field, hauled (by sledge): it was disbursed (in exchange); received. 2 gur white emmer-wheat, its exchange-emmer: 1 barig — for the sheep, barley (and) water of Ningir[su], was carried; received. Ursag, the gal-UN (official), (and) Šubur, the overseer (nu-banda3) — from the market-house (e2-ganba) he set (this) out for him. 5.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 072

[x] minus 4 ban2 barley — [x]-nam — gur-saggal (measure). From the house of the courtyard, it was disbursed. 3 gur barley, U2-U2 (barley/plant-type), it is the steward's. Seed-grain, ox-fodder barley, for the good small field — Nin-girsu-lu-mu, the hauling-worker (lu2-dun-a), for Inimanizi. Month: 'Festival of barley-eating,' (festival) of Ningirsu. [x x]-u2 (broken).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 073

16 gur 2 barig barley, gur-saggal (the large standard measure) — barley for the donkeys to eat. Year(?): [...] for Nin-[...]ki(?) — garment(s): ... garment [...] [Mesan]du(?) [...]

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 075

3 gur barley (saggal-standard measure). Barley for the oxen to eat; 'si-ga' garments (tugx). For the (surveyed) total of the field(s): Ur-Enki, the ox-herdsman — Ur-Ninpirig (in) the month 'Guranabimu' (oxen-fattening month) delivered (it) to him. Enigal, the overseer, from the storehouse of the courtyard issued (it). Total: 3.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 076

7 gur (saggal-standard) white emmer wheat, 1 gur gu-nida wheat, 1 barig wheat, emmer (for) seed — for the field of Du-abu ("the mound of Abu"): Inimanizi, the chief plowman — Enigal, the inspector, placed (it) for him. Barley, the yield, was allotted. Uru-KA-gina, king of Lagash. Year 1.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 077

10 gur, (measured in) gur-saggal, of barley — bought with silver. 2 gur(?), as a loan (ur5), fully repaid (šu-šu-še3-ga). 1 barig 4 ban2 barley — was delivered/carried (ba-de6). The dependents/junior persons (lu2 di4-di4-la) — for rations/consumption (nig2-gu7-de3) — received (it) (šu ba-ti).

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 078

3 gur, 1 barig, 2 ban2 barley (measured by) the saggal (standard measure) — barley, donkey fodder (consumed by the donkeys) — for the si-ga placement of the tugx-garment — wage(-portion) of Anekura — (by) the plowman — for the small field of Girgir-Girgir — was delivered/carried: 6.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 080

90 (gur) less 2 barig — barley, gur-saggal (standard) measure — nig-enna barley (household/state barley), it is (from) the field bordering (that of) Sal4. Šeš-ludu, overseer. (reverse) was returned/repaid (šu-a bi2-gi4). Enig-gal, the inspector (nubanda), of the market-house (e2-ganba). (check-mark/notation): i3-si — 5.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 081

616 gur 1 barig 2 ban2 barley, by the head/standard gur — Inimdu, the overseer: returned into hand (i.e., repaid/delivered). Šubur, the manager, of the market-house (e2-ganba). Filled/complete: 1. It is barley of the Small Good Field.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 082

6(geš₂) 30 1(aš) 3(barig) barley, gur-saggal (measure) — barley of the fine [small] field. [...] (break) overseer. Returned/delivered by hand: Šubur, the manager (nu-banda₃), (at/in) the market-house (e₂-ganba). [......]

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 085

270 gur (barley), saggal-measure — it is the purchase price of wool. Ur-emush, chief merchant of the ensi (governor), to Enudana, merchant of the Emunus (Women's Household), gave (it). To Elam it was carried off. (Under) Baranamtara, wife of Lugalanda, ensi of Lagash. 1.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 086

12 gur (saggal-standard) barley: Lugal-inun, Dal-mušen. 2 gur 2 barig 4 ban2 (barley): Namahni, the gudu-priest. Total: 14 gur 2 barig 3 ban2 (saggal-standard) barley. Inim-Enlila'anda took charge (dab5) — 4.

~2400 BCE·Early DynasticOur engine

Nik 1, 087

2 gur, 2 barig of muš-barley, by the gur-saggal ("head") standard measure — Baba-amadari; Šubur, the overseer (nu-banda3); from the courtyard-house (e2-ki-sal4-la), he gave (it) to him. 4.

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