Chapter 04 · 2112 – 2004 BCE
Ur III · Neo-Sumerian
A bureaucratic golden age, the Code of Ur-Nammu.
~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2042add / CDLI Seals 000303 (CDLI Seals 000303 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Ur and king of the four quarters of the world, gave this seal to his servant Nawir-ilum, the shepherd.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters, presented (this seal) to Nawir-ilum, the shepherd, his servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004352/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2043add / CDLI Seals 005895 (CDLI Seals 005895 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — mighty man, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — is addressed directly: Šarakam the scribe, son of Inim-Šara and royal land recorder, declares himself the king's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Šarakam, the scribe, child of Inim-Šara, land recorder of the king, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004145/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2044add / CDLI Seals 005434 (CDLI Seals 005434 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, mighty king — Šulgida-nirĝal declares himself your servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king: Šulgida-nirĝal is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004146/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2045add / CDLI Seals 000369 (CDLI Seals 000369 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — powerful king, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — is named as the ruler to whom Šu-Erra, a captain-of-sixty, declares himself a servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Šu-Erra, the captain-of-sixty, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004147/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2046add / CDLI Seals 004169 (CDLI Seals 004169 (composite))
In plain English
Šu-Erra is named as the chief soldier of Amar-Suena.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Šu-Erra, the chief soldier of Amar-Suena.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004148/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2047add / CDLI Seals 000384 (CDLI Seals 000384 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — powerful man, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — is named as the king. The inscription identifies Šulgi-iriĝu, an envoy and courier, as his servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Šulgi-iriĝu, the envoy and courier, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004149/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2048add / CDLI Seals 005045 (CDLI Seals 005045 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, powerful man, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — a scribe named Umani, child of a figure whose name is too damaged to read, dedicates this seal as his servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Umani, the scribe, child of ..., is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004150/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2049add / CDLI Seals 000423 (CDLI Seals 000423 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — powerful king, king of Ur, king of the four quarters — is addressed directly: Ur-Bau the scribe declares himself the king's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Ur-Bau, the scribe, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004151/
Read the full tablet entry