Chapter 04 · 2112 – 2004 BCE
Ur III · Neo-Sumerian
A bureaucratic golden age, the Code of Ur-Nammu.
~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2018add
In plain English
Amar-Suena — strong man, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — receives a declaration of loyalty: Aya-kala, governor of Umma, names himself the king's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Aya-kala, the governor of Umma, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004120/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2019add / CDLI Seals 000033
In plain English
Amar-Suena, powerful man, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — Aya-kala, governor of Umma, declares himself Amar-Suena's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Aya-kala, the governor of Umma, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004121/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2020add / CDLI Seals 000030 (CDLI Seals 000030 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, whose name Enlil proclaimed at Nippur and who stood as the steadfast supporter of Enlil's temple — the inscription then names someone called Aya-kala, but the surface breaks off before anything more can be read.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, whose name was proclaimed by Enlil in Nibru, the steadfast supporter of Enlil's temple, Aya-kala ....”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004122/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2021add / CDLI Seals 005897 (CDLI Seals 005897 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, powerful man, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — an unnamed scribe, son of a father whose name is lost, declares himself Amar-Suena's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: ..., the scribe, child of ..., is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004123/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2022add / CDLI Seals 000053 (CDLI Seals 000053 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — strong man, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — is addressed directly: Babati the scribe declares himself the king's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Babati, the scribe, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004124/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2023add / CDLI Seals 005882 (CDLI Seals 005882 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, powerful king of Ur and king of the four quarters of the world — Baddari, overseer of the dumudaba workers and son of Gulum, declares himself your servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Baddari, overseer of the dumudaba workers, child of Gulum, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004125/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2024add / CDLI Seals 005543 (CDLI Seals 005543 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, powerful man, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — a scribe named Dan-ili, son of a father whose name is lost where the surface is damaged, declares himself Amar-Suena's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Dan-ili, the scribe, child of ..., is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004126/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2025add / CDLI Seals 000069 (CDLI Seals 000069 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, mighty king of Ur and ruler of the four quarters of the world, is named as the dedicated lord of this inscription. A scribe named Dayyati, child of a father whose name is lost on the damaged surface, declares himself Amar-Suena's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Dayyati, the scribe, child of ..., is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004127/
Read the full tablet entry