Chapter 04 · 2112 – 2004 BCE
Ur III · Neo-Sumerian
A bureaucratic golden age, the Code of Ur-Nammu.
~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2010add / CDLI Seals 005901 (CDLI Seals 005901 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, powerful man, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — so begins a seal inscription dedicated by Abi-luma, a scribe and self-declared servant of the king. Abi-luma's father's name follows but the surface is damaged and cannot be read.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Abi-luma, the scribe, child of ..., is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004112/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2011add / CDLI Seals 005880 (CDLI Seals 005880 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — mighty king, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — is named as the ruler this seal belongs to. The man who had it made was Ada-lal, a courier and son of Abu-ṭab, who declares himself the king's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Ada-lal, the courier, child of Abu-ṭab, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004113/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2012add / CDLI Seals 004272 (CDLI Seals 004272 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — mighty king of Ur and ruler of the four quarters of the world — receives a declaration of loyalty: Aguda, the military governor of Ahuti, is his servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Aguda, the military governor of Ahuti, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004114/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2013add / CDLI Seals 005913 (CDLI Seals 005913 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — mighty king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — this seal belongs to his servant Aguza.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Aguza is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004115/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2014add / CDLI Seals 005089 (CDLI Seals 005089 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — mighty man, king of Ur, king of the four quarters — is named here, and a man called Ahum-ilum, a courier, declares himself Amar-Suena's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Ahum-ilum, the courier, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004116/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2015add / CDLI Seals 005904 (CDLI Seals 005904 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — powerful (a word or title is damaged or unclear), king of Ur, king of the four quarters — this seal belongs to his servant Anum-mutappil, the courier.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful ..., king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Anum-mutappil, the courier, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004117/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2016add / CDLI Seals 000044 (CDLI Seals 000044 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, powerful king of Ur — Arad-Nanna, child of a father whose name is lost to a crack in the surface, declares himself your servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim: Arad-Nanna, child of ..., is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004118/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2017add
In plain English
Amar-Suena, powerful king of Ur and king of the four quarters of the world — Aya-kala, governor of Umma, declares himself your servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Aya-kala, the governor of Umma, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004119/
Read the full tablet entry