Chapter 04 · 2112 – 2004 BCE
Ur III · Neo-Sumerian
A bureaucratic golden age, the Code of Ur-Nammu.
~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2002 / CDLI Seals 005804 (CDLI Seals 005804 (composite))
In plain English
Gudea, ruler of Lagaš, is addressed directly: an official whose title is 'land recorder' — though the name is damaged and unreadable — declares himself Gudea's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Gudea, ruler of Lagaš: ..., the land recorder, is you servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001802/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2003 / CDLI Seals 005887 (CDLI Seals 005887 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, powerful king of Ur and king of the four quarters of the world — Lugal-melem, governor of Nippur, a scribe whose parentage is recorded but the surface is damaged, and scribe of the ĝipar temple complex in Nippur, declares himself Amar-Suena's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Lugal-melem, governor of Nibru, scribe ..., child of ..., scribe of the ĝipar in Nibru, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001803/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2004 / CDLI Seals 005819 (CDLI Seals 005819 (composite))
In plain English
Lugal-magure, a scribe, declares himself the servant of Lugal-melem, governor of Nippur.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Lugal-melem, governor of Nibru: Lugal-magure, the scribe, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001804/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2005 / CDLI Seals 000105 (CDLI Seals 000105 (composite))
In plain English
Ibbi-Addad, a scribe, declares himself the servant of Ṣilluš-Dagan, governor of Simurrum.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Ṣilluš-Dagan, governor of Simurrum: Ibbi-Addad, the scribe, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001805/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2006 / CDLI Seals 005907 (CDLI Seals 005907 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, mighty king of Ur and of the four quarters of the world — Ur-Lisi, governor of Umma, declares himself your servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Ur-Lisi, governor of Umma, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001806/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2007 / CDLI Seals 005881 (CDLI Seals 005881 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, powerful king of Ur and of the four quarters of the world — Aya-kala, governor of Umma, declares himself your servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Aya-kala, the governor of Umma, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001807/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2008
In plain English
Puzur-ilī, chief administrator of the E-ugti temple, dedicated this stone tablet to Nungal — lady of the prisons and life-giving goddess — as an offering for the well-being of Amar-Suena, king of Ur and king of the four quarters, whose name Enlil had proclaimed in Nippur and who stood as the steadfast supporter of Enlil's temple.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(o 1) To Nungal, lady of the prisons, the life-giving lady, his lady, Puzur-ilī, the chief administrator of the E-ugti, dedicated this (stone tablet) for the well-being of Amar-Suena, whose name was proclaimed by Enlil in Nibru, the steadfast supporter of Enlil's temple, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001808/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2009
A private votive dedication by a scribe's wife to the goddess Lamma, it attests the personal piety of literate households under Amar-Suena and the role of women as independent dedicants in Ur III religious life.
In plain English
Ḫala-Bau, wife of the scribe Ur-Lamma, dedicated this bead to the goddess Lamma, her personal deity, praying for the health and well-being of Amar-Suena, the mighty king of Ur.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) To Lamma, her lady, Ḫala-Bau, the spouse of Ur-Lamma, the scribe, dedicated this (bead) for the well-being of Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q001809/
Read the full tablet entry