Chapter 04 · 2112 – 2004 BCE
Ur III · Neo-Sumerian
A bureaucratic golden age, the Code of Ur-Nammu.
~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2026add / CDLI Seals 005537 (CDLI Seals 005537 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — powerful king, king of Ur, king of the four quarters — is addressed directly: a scribe whose name is partially lost, son of a father whose name is also lost, declares himself Amar-Suena's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: ..., the scribe, child of ..., is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004128/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2027add / CDLI Seals 000104 (CDLI Seals 000104 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, powerful king of Ur — a gardu soldier named Hunnuduk declares himself your servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim: Hunnuduk, the gardu soldier, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004129/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2028add / CDLI Seals 005886 (CDLI Seals 005886 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — powerful king, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — is declared the master of Ikšudum, the military governor of Kish, who identifies himself as Amar-Suena's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Ikšudum, the military governor of Kiš, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004130/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2029add / CDLI Seals 005885 (CDLI Seals 005885 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena, powerful king of Ur — a man named Ili-išar, whose title and parentage are lost where the surface is damaged, declares himself the king's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim: Ili-išar, the ..., child of ..., is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004131/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2030add / CDLI Seals 005905 (CDLI Seals 005905 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — mighty king of Ur and of the four quarters of the world — is named as the master of his servant Lugal-Ane.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Lugal-Ane is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004132/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2031add / CDLI Seals 005877 (CDLI Seals 005877 (composite))
In plain English
Lugal-engardug identifies himself as steward of Inana, nueša-priest of Enlil, and son of Enlil-amah — who held those same two offices before him. He addresses Amar-Suena, king of the four quarters and beloved of Inana, as his lord, and declares himself the king's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, king of the four quarters, the beloved of Inana: Lugal-engardug, steward of Inana, nueša-priest of Enlil, child of Enlil-amah, steward of Inana, nueša priest of Enlil, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004133/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2032add / CDLI Seals 000555 (CDLI Seals 000555 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — mighty ruler, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — is addressed directly: Lugal-ituda the scribe, son of Ur-Dumuzida, declares himself the king's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(i 1) Amar-Suena, the powerful man, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Lugal-ituda, the scribe, child of Ur-Dumuzida, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004134/
Read the full tablet entry~2050 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses
Amar-Suena 2033add / CDLI Seals 000215 (CDLI Seals 000215 (composite))
In plain English
Amar-Suena — powerful king, king of Ur, king of the four quarters of the world — is addressed directly: Lugal-kugzu, the scribe, declares himself the king's servant.
AI-generated reading paraphrase; compare with the translation below.
“(1) Amar-Suena, the powerful king, king of Urim, king of the four quarters: Lugal-kugzu, the scribe, is your servant.”
Source: Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Royal Inscriptions (ETCSRI), University of Vienna, edited by Gábor Zólyomi et al. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/etcsri/Q004135/
Read the full tablet entry