Chapter 07 · 911 – 609 BCE

Neo-Assyrian

Empire, library, terror, scholarship.

Illustration: Scholars examining clay tablets in an Assyrian archive at Nineveh
An archive at Nineveh, around 650 BCE.

~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 084. The Mannean King Raids Urarṭian Cities (ABL 0381)

“(1) To the king, my lord: your servant Aššur-reṣuwa. Good health to the king, my lord! (4) The Mannean has attacked the Urarṭian cities in the district along the lake shore but has left and gone up (the mountains). (9) Abaluqunu, the governor of Muṣaṣir, and Ṭunbaun, the governor of Kar-sipar[ri], have gone to the Mannean border, to guard (it). (r 4) The Urarṭian is in Ṭuruṣpâ, making his sacrifices. All the governors are with him.”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P334257/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 085. Spying on the Urarṭian Capital (ABL 0148)

“(1) To the king, my lord: your servant Aššur-reṣuwa. Good health to the king, my lord! (3) As to what the king, my lord, wrote me: "Send your spies to the environs of Ṭurušpâ to find out a detailed report!" (Break) (r 2) [Fo]ur governors are coming down to [Ṭurušpâ] to do service (in the temple).”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P334094/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 086. The Army of Urarṭu on the March (ABL 0492)

“(1) [To the ki]ng, my lord: [your servant] Aššur-reṣuwa. [Good hea]lth to the king, my lord! (4) [The ki]ng of Urarṭu has left Ṭurušpâ [on the fir]st of Nisan (I) and gone to Elizzada. Kaqqadanu, his commander-in-chief, has gone to Waisi. The whole Urarṭian army is marching [t]o Elizzada, following the king. (13) Perhaps the king, my lord, will say: "[H]ow [are they positioned]?" — (r 3) I have [n]ot heard [any report ... y]et.”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P334339/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 087. The Urarṭian Troops Concentrate in Waisi (ABL 0444)

“(1) [To the king, my lord: your servant Aššur-reṣuwa. Good] health to the king, [my] lo[rd]! (4) [Five] governors of the Urarṭ[ian] have ent[ered] Waisi: Setinu, the governor o[ppo]site us; Kaqqadanu, the one opposite the Ukkeans; Sakuatâ of Qaniun; Siplia of Alzi; Ṭuki of Armiraliu: these are their names. (13) They have entered Waisi with three unit commanders. Now, after their (arrival), they have raised the levies of the country, and are keeping the army in readiness. (19) The king has moved out of Ṭuruš[p]â and gone to Wazaun. (r 3) As to what the king, my lord, wrote me: "Send out scouts!" — I have sent them twice: the first have come back and told me these things; the others have not yet come out.”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P334308/

Read the full tablet entry

~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 088. The Urarṭian Troops Set out to Muṣaṣir (ABL 0380)

“(1) To the king, [my] lo[rd]: your servant Aššur-reṣuwa. Good health to the king, my lord! (4) 3,000 foot soldiers, their prefects, and the commanders of the kallāpu troops of Setini, the governor opposite me, have set out towards Muṣaṣir and crossed the Black River. All the pack animals of Setini are with him. (12) The troops of Sunâ, the governor opposite Ukku, have also set out towards Muṣaṣir. (r 5) I have heard that the king is in Waisi; he will be going but has not yet departed.”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P334256/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 089. The King of Muṣaṣir Taken to Urarṭu (ABL 1196)

“(1) To [the ki]ng, [my lord]: your servant [Aššur-reṣuwa]. Good health t[o the king, my lord]! (4) They are building a fort [in ...] because of Kaqq[adanu], the governor. (7) [He has seized] Urzana, [the king] of Muṣaṣi[r], ga[thered] his people, [and taken them] to Waisi. (11) Arizâ is on his way to [NN]. Ar[iye ...] (Rest destroyed)”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P334786/

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~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 090. The Urarṭian King Flees and his Son is Made King (ABL 0646)

“(Beginning destroyed) (2) [... the U]rarṭian(s) [...] (3) [...... who] got afr[aid] (4) [...] secre[tly ...] (5) [Nine] of his [gov]ernors were kil[led: the gover]nor opposite the chief cupbe[arer, the gove]rnor opposite us, the governor opposite Ša-Aššur-dubbu, the governor opposite Muṣaṣir, the governor of Wazae, the governor of Šibṭu[r]u, two governors opposite Kar-siparri, the governor of Šattera — in all nine governors of his were killed. (r 1) Their king, however, escaped secretly on a lone (horse) and took to the mountains. The rear parts of the camp did not see their [ki]ng and did [not] realize that he had sa[ved himself]. (r 7) [So they lif]ted up Melar[ṭua] and [ma]de him king [alo]ng the road; Mela[rṭua ...]ed [the king]ship [......] (Rest destroyed)”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P334447/

Read the full tablet entry

~715 BCE · Reconstructed composite — see ORACC entry for manuscript witnesses

SAA 05 091. Revolt against the King of Urarṭu (ABL 0144)

“(1) To the king, my lord: your servant Aššur-reṣuwa. Good health to the king, my lord! (3) As regards Naragê, the chief tailor about whom I wrote to the king, my lord: "He and 20 of his fellow eunuchs who conspired against the king have been arrested" — (7) the king of Urarṭu has now entered Ṭurušpâ and questioned them. They have dragged forth and killed the rest of the people involved in the plot — 100 men, including the eunuchs and the bearded courtiers. (13) Urṣenê, the deputy commander-in-chief, brother of Abliuqnu, was likewise arrested in Ṭurušpâ. When Abliuqnu came to Ṭurušpâ, he (i.e.…”

Source: Lanfranchi, G.B. & Parpola, S. 1990. The Correspondence of Sargon II, Part II: Letters from the Northern and Northeastern Provinces. SAA 5. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/saa05/P334090/

Read the full tablet entry