Sumerian·Book

Position in chronology

DP 372

~2400 BCE·Early Dynastic·P221022

About this tablet

This is a small cushion-shaped account tablet from the temple/household archive of Šasha (also read Shasha), wife of Uru-inimgina (Urukagina), the last and famously reform-minded ruler of the city-state of Lagash around 2350 BCE. It records two large deliveries of processed flax or wool thread — several hundred bundles in total — one batch explicitly identified as belonging to the palace, the other sourced from an individual named Ĝeš-AN-tur. Tablets like this one, part of the 'DP' (Documents Présargoniques) series published from the Louvre's Girsu collection, show how the ruling family's female head managed vast quantities of textile raw material as part of the temple economy.

Plain-language summary by the engine — meant as a doorway into the literal translation below.

Written in modern English

The record logs two shipments of spun or combed fiber. The first batch, 371 bundles, is marked as belonging to the palace stores. The second, 272 bundles, is a processed or pressed grade of thread, delivered from someone named Ĝeš-AN-tur. Both entries are booked to Šasha, wife of King Uru-inimgina of Lagash, and the tablet closes with a year notation reading '2' — likely the second year of an accounting cycle tied to the queen's household administration.

A modern paraphrase of the literal translation — same content, contemporary voice.

Translation — our engine

Our engine
Medium confidence
371 bundles (sa) of combed/plucked fiber (gu-suḫ₅) — it is thread/flax of the palace (e2-gal). 272 bundles (sa) of sar-type fiber, processed (sur-ra) — from Ĝeš-AN-tur(a). (Recipient/account holder:) Šasha (Sa6-sa6), wife of Uru-KA-gina (Uruinimgina), king of Lagash. Year-entry (mu-SIG7): 2.

Our translation engine — Sonnet 5. Reads the photo, translates the cuneiform, and writes a plain-language interpretation. See methodology for limits.

Spotted an error? Suggest a correction — confirmed corrections feed the engine's knowledge base.

Engine notes

read from photo
6 uncertain terms
  • sa gu suh5-ha'Bundle of combed/selected rope' — suh5 can mean 'to comb, select, or card'; the precise processing technique denoted is debated. Some translate as 'plucked rope' or 'selected-quality rope.'
  • sa gu sar sur-ra-kam'Bundle of twist-spun rope from the sar/sur' — sar may refer to a garden plot or orchard strip; sur-ra could indicate a spinning/twisting process. The compound is not always consistently translated.
  • gesz-AN-tur-taLikely a place name or orchard/grove designation ('from the gesz-AN-tur'), but the precise referent is uncertain. Could be a named estate or a specific type of tree grove.
  • URU-KA-gi-naThe conventional reading is Uruinimgina (also older Urukagina). The sign sequence is clear but the exact phonological rendering of the name has been debated; 'Uruinimgina' is currently preferred in Sumerological literature.
  • mu-SIG7Literally something like 'the name is good/green' or 'approved'; functions here as an acceptance/quality-approval formula. The precise administrative meaning — whether it is a verb form, a notation of approval, or a quality grade — is contextually inferred and not universally agreed upon.
  • 2(|ASZxDISZ@t|)The numeral 2 with a specific sign form; its referent in this context (2 units of what?) is not fully clear from the text alone.
Reasoning ↓

The photograph shows a small, lenticular ('bun-shaped') clay tablet — the characteristic form of Early Dynastic administrative documents from Girsu — photographed from multiple angles (obverse, reverse, and two edges), with the museum label AO 13578 clearly visible. The obverse face (centre-top image) shows cuneiform signs arranged in ruled columns and rows; the surface is moderately worn but the wedge impressions are still legible in several places. I can make out numerical notations (including what appear to be large sexagesimal signs consistent with gesz2 and asz values), and sign clusters consistent with SA GU and E2-GAL in the upper register, broadly confirming the transliteration's first two lines. The lower register shows denser sign clusters that are harder to resolve at this resolution but are consistent with personal name signs and a verbal form at the end. The reverse (lower images) appears largely uninscribed, consistent with a short administrative text on the obverse only. The reading of URU-KA-gi-na as Uruinimgina is standard for this ruler (also rendered Urukagina in older literature); the transliteration's mu-SIG7 2(|ASZxDISZ@t|) is interpreted as an approval/acceptance formula with a count of 2, though the exact function of mu-SIG7 in this context (lit. 'name is good/green'?) is somewhat uncertain. The glossary entries provided reflect a proto-cuneiform context but this tablet is ED IIIb, where sign values are more securely established; the glossary entries for GI, MU, SIG are thus of limited applicability here. Cannot fully verify the numerical values gesz2@c quantities from the photo at this resolution.

Generated by Claude Sonnet 4.6 · prompt 2026-05-12/v4-interpretation · May 16, 2026 · 2125 in / 1196 out tokens

Transliteration

6(gesz2@c) 1(u@c) 1(asz@c) sa gu suh5-ha
gu e2-gal-kam
4(gesz2@c) 3(u@c) 2(asz@c) sa gu sar sur-ra-kam
gesz-AN-tur-ta
sa6-sa6
dam URU-KA-gi-na
lugal
lagasz-ka-ke4
mu-SIG7 2(|ASZxDISZ@t|)

Scholarly note

Catalogue entry from CDLI (ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)) — DP 372. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).

Attribution

Image: Louvre Museum, Paris, France (P221022) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from engine:claude-sonnet-5 (2026-07-12/v7-evolved).

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