Position in chronology
MDP 31, 043
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P009382.
Why it matters
Transliteration
M388 , M057~e M099 M371 M139~a1 , 1(N01) M175 M128~da |M218+M288~f|# M066 , 1(N01) M124 M004 M223~b M218 , 1(N01) M049~da M109#? M066 , 1(N01) M242~b M410? M218 , 1(N01) M204~g M054~i M297 , 1(N01) M203~a , 1(N01) M066 M352~n# M131~ia#? M101 M066 , 1(N01) M102~l M371 , 1(N01) |M218+M288~f| x M057 , 1(N01) 2(N14) x M139~a2 , 1(N14)
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Proto-Elamite (ca. 3100-2900 BC)) — MDP 31, 043. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Louvre Museum, Paris, France (P009382) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P009382..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.