Position in chronology
MDP 17, 463
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P008661.
Why it matters
Transliteration
[...] M203~e M346~b , 2(N01) M377 M298 M001#? [...] , [...] [...] M377#? M099 M390 M218 M346~b , 2(N01) M348 [...] , [...] [...] , 1(N01) M206~d M346~b , 1(N01)# [...] , 1(N01) M254~a M295~b#? [...] , [...] M346~b# , 1(N14) 5(N01) x , [...]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Proto-Elamite (ca. 3100-2900 BC)) — MDP 17, 463. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Louvre Museum, Paris, France (P008661) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P008661..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.