Position in chronology
MDP 17, 096 + 325 + 380
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P008294.
Why it matters
Transliteration
|M362+M005|# M207~b , 3(N01)# |M362+M059~d| M312~a# , 6(N01)# |M362+M384~a| , 4(N14) 7(N01) |M362+M059| |M001+M379~c| , 4(N14) |M362+M383~c| , 1(N14) |M362+M158|# , 1(N14) [...] |M362+M026~h| , 5(N01) M351~c# M362 , 3(N01) |M362+M244?|# , 3(N14) 3(N01) |M362+M099~b|# , 2(N14) 1(N01)
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Proto-Elamite (ca. 3100-2900 BC)) — MDP 17, 096 + 325 + 380. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Louvre Museum, Paris, France (P008294) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P008294..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.