Position in chronology
Aegyptus 29, 107, 35
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P100268.
Why it matters
Transliteration
2(disz) udu 3(disz) sila4 1(disz) masz2 3(disz) sila4 ga 1(disz) masz2 ga ba-usz2 u4 2(u) 7(disz)-kam ki szul-gi-a-a-mu-ta ur-nigar szu ba-ti u5-bi2-gu7 mu gu-za en-lil2-la2 ba-dim2
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Aegyptus 29, 107, 35. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Ur-Nammu y14 — The throne of Enlil was fashioned based on canonical year-name formula in the transliteration.
Attribution
Image: Museo di Antichità di Torino, Turin, Italy (P100268) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P100268..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.