Position in chronology
TMH NF 1-2, 056
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P134368.
Why it matters
Transliteration
1/3(disz) ma-na 3(disz) gin2 la2 2(disz) sze ku3-babbar 2(u) 7(asz) 1(barig) 3(ban2) sze gur lu2-suen-ke4 sa10-am3 5(u) 3(barig) sze gur mu-kux(DU) e-lu-ba-ni [...] 4(u) 1(asz) gur mu-kux(DU) [...] mu# mu 1(u) [x] 4(ban2) sze gur i7 idigna-ta mu-kux(DU) 5(asz) gur mu e2-geszbun2 5(asz) gur mu-kux(DU) ad-da-kal-la iti szu-numun-a mu si-mu-ru-um ba-hul
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TMH NF 1-2, 056. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y23 — Simurrum destroyed based on canonical year-name formula in the transliteration.
Attribution
Image: Hilprecht Collection, University of Jena, Germany (P134368) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P134368..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.