Position in chronology
Umma 008
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P139517.
Transliteration
2(u) 7(asz) sze gur lugal sa2-du11 szara2 iti sig4-i3-szub-ga2-<ra>-ta iti sze-sag11-ku5-sze3 iti-bi iti 1(u) 2(disz)-am3 ki ARAD2-ta lugal-ba-ta-e3 szu ba-ti mu bad3 ba-du3 lugal-ba-ta-ab-e3 dumu e2-gal-e-si
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Umma 008. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Institut Catholique, Paris, France (P139517) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P139517..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.