Position in chronology
UCP 09-02-1, 038
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P135942.
Transliteration
[...] en [...] [...] u2 [x] masz2-gal u2 [u4 x]-kam [iti ezem]-an-na [x] udu u2 [x] masz2-gal u2 [u4 x] 2(disz)-kam [iti ezem]-me-ki-gal2 [x] 2(u) 8(disz) udu u2 [x] 4(u) 4(disz) masz2-gal u2 [x] 2(disz) masz2-gal szimaszgi u2
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — UCP 09-02-1, 038. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Hearst Museum of Anthropology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA (P135942) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P135942..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
A window into the world's first total state. The Ur III administration tracked every animal, every worker, every shekel — for a population in the millions. The level of paperwork was not exceeded until the modern era.