Position in chronology
TSU 104
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P135253.
Transliteration
5(disz) sila3 kasz en-sza3-kusz2 5(disz) sila3 kasz bu3-u2-ka 1(asz) dug dida 1(u) 5(disz) sila3 kasz elam 5(disz) szu ba-ti nibru-ta gen-na iti amar-a-a-si
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TSU 104. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Musées royaux d’Art et d’Histoire, Brussels, Belgium (P135253) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P135253..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.