Position in chronology
TMH NF 1-2, 047
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P134359.
Transliteration
2(disz) gin2 la2 igi-6(disz)-gal2 ku3 ki lugal-nam-tar-re-ta re-zu u-gara2 u3 lu2-du10-ga szu ba-ti ki re-zu u-gara2 u3 lu2-du10-ga-mu mu-kux(DU) lugal-nam-tar-re szu ba-ti dub-ba-ne-ne u2-gu ba-de2 al-pa3 zi#-re-dam lugal-nam-tar-re# dumu sila4?-pa-e3
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TMH NF 1-2, 047. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Hilprecht Collection, University of Jena, Germany (P134359) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P134359..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.