Position in chronology
TMH NF 1-2, 035
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P134347.
Transliteration
1(u) gin2 ku3-babbar ur5-sze3 masz2 5(disz) gin2 1(disz) gin2-ta-am3 ki lugal-a2-zi-da-ta igi-sa6-sa6 ur-me-me dumu-ni u3 geme2-a-tu5-a dam-ni szu ba-ti-esz 1(disz) tul2-ta 1(disz) lu2-iszkur 1(disz) lugal-ad-da lu2-inim-ma-bi-me iti szu-numun-a mu en inanna unu-ga masz2-e i3-pa3
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TMH NF 1-2, 035. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Hilprecht Collection, University of Jena, Germany (P134347) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P134347..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.