Position in chronology
TJA pl.63, IOS 48
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P134141.
Transliteration
1(bur3) 2(esze3) GAN2 3(u) sar-ta dih3 2(esze3) 3(iku) GAN2 3(u) har-an 1(esze3) tug2-gur10? 2(gesz2) 4(u) 2(disz) 3(u) 5(disz) al 3(disz) sar-ta 3(iku) GAN2 2(u)-ta ma-nu 3(u) x x sar-ta al gigir-re engar 2(esze3) 3(iku) 1/4(iku) GAN2 3(u) dih3? 2(iku) 1/2(iku) 1/4(iku)? GAN2 tug2 1(esze3) 1(iku) 1/2(iku) GAN2 3(disz)-ta al 1(esze3) 4(iku) GAN2 1(u) 4(disz)? sar dih3
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TJA pl.63, IOS 48. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Institute of Oriental Studies, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P134141) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P134141..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.