Position in chronology
TJA pl.49, IOS 06
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P134100.
Transliteration
1(disz) ma-na ku3-babbar sze-duru5 sa10-sa10-de3 ki gu-du-du-ta a-a-kal-la szu ba-ti igi lugal-ku3-zu-sze3 igi szesz-saga-sze3 igi ur-suen-sze3 igi a-a-kal-la dumu ur-szul-pa-e3 ku3-dim2-sze3 iti dumu-zi mu e2 szara2 umma-ka ba-du3
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TJA pl.49, IOS 06. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Institute of Oriental Studies, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (P134100) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P134100..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.