Position in chronology
TCS 1, 290
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P145764.
Transliteration
sza3-nin-ga2-ra u3-na-a-du11 im erin2 diri a-pi4-sal4 u3 gu2-edin-na pisan-ga2 u3-mu-ni-ga2-ar ur-ama-na-ra ha-mu-na-ab-szum2-mu a-ma-ru-kam na-mu-nigin2-nigin2
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TCS 1, 290. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Spurlock Museum, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA (P145764) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P145764..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.