Position in chronology
TCS 1, 131
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P145679.
Transliteration
lu2#-szara2#-[ra] u3-na-a-du11 1(disz) gin2 ku3-babbar-am3 mu-mu-sze3 ba-sa6-ga he2-na-ab-szum2-mu na-mi-gur-re a-ba szesz-mu-gin7 ku3-bi u4 4(disz)-kam-ka lu2 kin-gi4-a-mu <mu>-ra-an-de6 szesz-mu-me-en8 silim-mu
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TCS 1, 131. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Siegfried H. Horn Museum, Institute of Archaeology, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan, USA (P145679) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P145679..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.