Position in chronology
TCND 252
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P133930.
Transliteration
1(disz) gu4 niga sag-gu4 1(disz) masz2-gal a!-dara4 niga saga us2 en-lil2 lugal kux(KWU147)-ra ezem! gu4-si-su en-lil2-zi-sza3-gal2 maszkim 1(disz) asz2-gar3 a-dara4 niga ka-izi-sze3 sza3-gesz giri3 ur-ba-ba6 muhaldim ki u2-ta2-mi-szar-ra-am-ta ba-zi iti ses-da-gu7 mu hu-uh2-nu-ri ba-hul gu4 2(disz) udu
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — TCND 252. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Museo di Antichità di Torino, Turin, Italy (P133930) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P133930..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.