Position in chronology
SumRecDreh 09
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P130506.
Why it matters
Transliteration
2(gesz2) 4(u) 5(disz) gukkal 1(u) 3(disz) gukkal gesz-du3 2(disz) masz2-gal 1(disz) sila4 gukkal nam-ra-ak kur mar-tu giri3 hu-un-ha-ab-ur 1(disz) sila4 s,e-lu-usz-da-gan 2(disz) sila4 en inanna 2(disz) sila4 szesz-da-da sanga 1(disz) sila4 lu2-bala-sa6-ga 1(disz) sila4 lu2-sa6-ga 1(disz) amar masz-da3 a2-bi2-li2 mu-kux(DU) iti sze-sag11-ku5 mu ki-masz u3 hu-ur5-ti ba-hul u4 7(disz)-kam
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — SumRecDreh 09. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: private: anonymous, New York, New York, USA (P130506) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P130506..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.