Position in chronology
SANTAG 6, 011
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P211606.
Transliteration
1(disz) gada gal saga sza3-gu 1(disz) gada sza3-ga-du3 saga 1(disz) gada a-dab6 1(disz) gada sza3-ga-du3 saga us2 1(disz) szakkan du10-gan i3-nun du10-bi 5/6(disz) sila3 4(disz) ha-zi-in ma2-da-ga-sze3 giri3# lu2-szara2 iti pa4-u2-e-ta u4 2(disz)-am3 ib2-ta-zal mu si-mu#-ru-um <<ba-ki>> ba-hul
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — SANTAG 6, 011. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation (P211606) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P211606..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.