Position in chronology
Princeton 2, 463
Not yet translated
This tablet is catalogued with its transliteration and photographed, but no published translation exists yet. Our translation engine works through the untranslated corpus every night, oldest first — this page will update the day its turn comes. If you are a specialist and can read it, we would love your help.
The world it comes from
A bureaucratic golden age, the Code of Ur-Nammu.
From the same catalogue range (near P201462)
Transliteration
1(disz) dug dida 3(disz) sila3 kasz 1(ban2) ninda 2(disz) gin2 i3 2(disz) gin2 naga 1(disz) sa szum2 kur-bi-la-ak gaba-asz 5(disz) sila3 kasz 3(disz) sila3 ninda 2(disz) gin2 i3 2(disz) gin2 naga 1(disz) sa szum2 al-la 5(disz) sila3 kasz 3(disz) sila3 ninda 2(disz) gin2 i3 2(disz) gin2 naga 1(disz) sa szum2 lugal-[...] 3(disz) sila3 kasz 2(disz) sila3 ninda 2(disz) gin2 i3 2(disz) gin2 naga 1(disz) sa szum2 gu-za-num2 szunigin 1(disz) dug dida 1(ban2) szunigin 1(ban2) 6(disz) sila3 kasz du szunigin 1(ban2) 8(disz) sila3 ninda szunigin 8(disz) gin2 i3 8(disz) gin2 naga szunigin 4(disz) sa szum2 zi-ga u4 2(u) 6(disz)-kam iti sze-sag11-ku5 mu us2-sa bad3 mar-tu
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Princeton 2, 463. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, New Jersey, USA (P201462) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P201462..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
A window into the world's first total state. The Ur III administration tracked every animal, every worker, every shekel — for a population in the millions. The level of paperwork was not exceeded until the modern era.