Position in chronology
OIP 115, 061
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P123568.
Transliteration
1(disz) udu niga 1(disz) udu u2 e2 nin-sun2 1(disz) udu niga 1(disz) udu u2 e2 iszkur 1(disz) udu niga puzur4-esz18-dar 1(disz) udu 1(disz) masz2 geme2 [igi]-sa6-sa6-ga iti-ta u4 1(u) 8(disz) ba-ra-zal zi-ga a2-bi2-li2-a iti ezem-an-na mu us2-sa e2 puzur4-isz-da-[gan] ba-du3
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — OIP 115, 061. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (P123568) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P123568..
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One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.