Position in chronology
NMSA 3670
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P341948.
Transliteration
1(u) 8(disz) gurusz u4 4(disz)#-[sze3] a-ba-gal-ta gu2-x-sze3 gil ga6-ga2 u4 1(disz)-sze3 ma2 kesz2-a 1(u) 7(disz) gurusz u4 1(disz)-sze3 kar-sze3 ma2 gid2-da [ugula] lugal#-mu-ma-ag2 kiszib3 szesz-kal-la mu gu-za ku3 [en]-lil2-la2 ba-[dim2] szesz-kal-la dub-sar dumu lugal-ma2-gur8-re
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — NMSA 3670. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: National Museum of Syria, Aleppo, Syria (P341948) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P341948..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.