Position in chronology
Nisaba 30, 94
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P332402.
Transliteration
[x] x x [...] i-is-sa-ni 3(barig) 4(ban2) 1(disz) ku6 a-gu2-ra 1(disz) udu sze-bi 1(asz) gur 1(disz) masz2 sze-bi 4(barig) 1(disz) masz2 lugal-ku3-zu 1(asz) a-sza3 suen-tu-ri2-sze3 lugal-ezem 3(barig) 2(ban2) sze#?-x lugal-ezem 3(asz) gur# [...] x
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — Nisaba 30, 94. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: private: anonymous, New York, New York, USA (P332402) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P332402..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.